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Mithqal: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Dinar of Abd al-Malik, AH 75.jpg|thumb|180px|Gold dinar of [[Umayyad Caliph]] [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]], minted at [[Damascus]], [[Syria]] in [[Hijri year|AH]] 75 (697/698 [[Common Era|CE]]), having a weight of almost 1 ''mithqāl'' (4.25 grams)]] | [[File:Dinar of Abd al-Malik, AH 75.jpg|thumb|180px|Gold dinar of [[Umayyad Caliph]] [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]], minted at [[Damascus]], [[Syria]] in [[Hijri year|AH]] 75 (697/698 [[Common Era|CE]]), having a weight of almost 1 ''mithqāl'' (4.25 grams)]] | ||
'''Mithqāl''' ({{lang-ar|{{big|مثقال}}}}) is a unit of mass equal to 4.25 | '''Mithqāl''' ({{lang-ar|{{big|مثقال}}}}) is a unit of mass equal to {{convert|4.25|g|ozt|lk=out}} which is mostly used for measuring precious metals, such as [[gold]], and other commodities, like [[saffron]]. | ||
The name was also applied as an alternative term for the [[gold dinar]], a coin that was used throughout much of the [[Muslim world|Islamic world]] from the 8th century onward and survived in parts of Africa until the 19th century.<ref>{{Citation|last=Johnson|first=Marion|year=1968|title=The Nineteenth-Century Gold 'Mithqal' in West and North Africa|publisher=Cambridge University Press|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=9|number=4|pages=547–569|issn=0021-8537|jstor=180144|doi=10.1017/s0021853700009038}}</ref> The name of [[Mozambique]]'s currency since 1980, the ''[[metical]]'', is derived from ''mithqāl''.<ref>[http://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/metical "Metical"] in ''Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa com Acordo Ortográfico''. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003-2015. Accessed 1 April 2015. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> | The name was also applied as an alternative term for the [[gold dinar]], a coin that was used throughout much of the [[Muslim world|Islamic world]] from the 8th century onward and survived in parts of Africa until the 19th century.<ref>{{Citation|last=Johnson|first=Marion|year=1968|title=The Nineteenth-Century Gold 'Mithqal' in West and North Africa|publisher=Cambridge University Press|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=9|number=4|pages=547–569|issn=0021-8537|jstor=180144|doi=10.1017/s0021853700009038}}</ref> The name of [[Mozambique]]'s currency since 1980, the ''[[metical]]'', is derived from ''mithqāl''.<ref>[http://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/metical "Metical"] in ''Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa com Acordo Ortográfico''. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003-2015. Accessed 1 April 2015. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> | ||
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== Indian mithqaal == | == Indian mithqaal == | ||
In [[India]], the measurement is known as ''mithqaal''. It contains 4 mashas and 3½ raties (rata'ii; مثقال).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NfovAQAAIAAJ&q=mithqal+mashas&dq=mithqal+mashas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiP-tWY5uDTAhXLDcAKHWwLAFsQ6AEINjAD|title=Quarterly Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society.|pages=86|language=en}}</ref> | In [[India]], the measurement is known as ''mithqaal''. It contains 4 {{transl|hi|mashas}} and 3½ {{transl|hi|raties}} (rata'ii; مثقال).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NfovAQAAIAAJ&q=mithqal+mashas&dq=mithqal+mashas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiP-tWY5uDTAhXLDcAKHWwLAFsQ6AEINjAD|title=Quarterly Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society.|pages=86|language=en}}</ref> | ||
It is equivalent to 4.25 grams when measuring [[gold]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/archive/article.php?lang=E&id=138246|title=Assessing the Nisaab of bank notes|year=2007|work=IslamWeb|access-date=2007-03-09}}</ref> or 4.5 grams when measuring commodities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamic-world.net/economics/word/m.htm|title=M|work=Economic Glossary|access-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928134913/http://www.islamic-world.net/economics/word/m.htm|archive-date=2007-09-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> It may be more or less than this.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theclearpath.com/glossary.php?cat=0&start=275&sid=bdcf2885f511acea83f48c3fbad9947c|title=Glossary|year=2005|work=The Clear Path|access-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928025356/http://www.theclearpath.com/glossary.php?cat=0&start=275&sid=bdcf2885f511acea83f48c3fbad9947c|archive-date=2007-09-28}}</ref> | It is equivalent to 4.25 grams when measuring [[gold]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/archive/article.php?lang=E&id=138246|title=Assessing the Nisaab of bank notes|year=2007|work=IslamWeb|access-date=2007-03-09}}</ref> or 4.5 grams when measuring commodities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamic-world.net/economics/word/m.htm|title=M|work=Economic Glossary|access-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928134913/http://www.islamic-world.net/economics/word/m.htm|archive-date=2007-09-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> It may be more or less than this.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theclearpath.com/glossary.php?cat=0&start=275&sid=bdcf2885f511acea83f48c3fbad9947c|title=Glossary|year=2005|work=The Clear Path|access-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928025356/http://www.theclearpath.com/glossary.php?cat=0&start=275&sid=bdcf2885f511acea83f48c3fbad9947c|archive-date=2007-09-28}}</ref> | ||
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