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'''Jaya-chandra''' ([[IAST]]: Jayacandra, r. c. 1170–1194 CE) was a king from the [[Gahadavala]] dynasty of northern India. He is also known as Jayachchandra ([[IAST]]: Jayaccandra) in inscriptions, and '''Jaichand''' in vernacular legends. He ruled the Antarvedi country in the [[Ganga|Gangetic]] plains, including the important cities of [[Kanyakubja]] and [[Varanasi]]. His territory included much of the present-day eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] and some parts of western [[Bihar]]. The last powerful king of his dynasty, he was defeated and killed in 1194 CE, in a fight against a [[Ghurid]] army led by [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]]. | '''Jaya-chandra''' ([[IAST]]: Jayacandra, r. c. 1170–1194 CE) was a king from the [[Gahadavala]] dynasty of northern India. He is also known as Jayachchandra ([[IAST]]: Jayaccandra) in inscriptions, and '''Jaichand''' in vernacular legends. He ruled the Antarvedi country in the [[Ganga|Gangetic]] plains, including the important cities of [[Kanyakubja]] and [[Varanasi]]. His territory included much of the present-day eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] and some parts of western [[Bihar]]. The last powerful king of his dynasty, he was defeated and killed in 1194 CE, in a fight against a [[Ghurid]] army led by [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]]. | ||
A fictional account of Jayachandra (as Jaichand) occurs in the medieval legendary text ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]''. According to this account, he was a rival of another Indian king, [[Prithviraj Chauhan]]. His daughter [[Samyukta]] eloped with Prithviraj against his wishes, and he allied with the foreign Ghurids to ensure Prithviraj's downfall. Although this account is historically inaccurate, the name "Jaichand" became synonymous with the word "traitor" in folklore of northern India because of this legend. | |||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
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== Inscriptions == | == Inscriptions == | ||
Several inscriptions from Jayachandra's reign have been discovered, most of them in and around [[Varanasi]].{{sfn|Roma Niyogi|1959|p=103}} One of the inscriptions has been discovered at [[Bodh Gaya]] in | Several inscriptions from Jayachandra's reign have been discovered, most of them in and around [[Varanasi]].{{sfn|Roma Niyogi|1959|p=103}} One of the inscriptions has been discovered at [[Bodh Gaya]] in present-day [[Bihar]].{{sfn|Sukumar Dutt|1988|p=209}} | ||
The inscriptions from Jayachandra's reign include the following:{{sfn|Roma Niyogi|1959|pp=255-260}} | The inscriptions from Jayachandra's reign include the following:{{sfn|Roma Niyogi|1959|pp=255-260}} | ||