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Kaduna is the capital city of Kaduna State and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern Nigeria, with its rail and important road network
<!-- Infobox starts!-->
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| image_skyline                  = {{Photomontage
  | photo1a = Lugard Hall, Kaduna. Parliamentary house of assembly Capital of North Region.jpg
  | photo2a = River Kaduna 14.jpg
  | photo2b = Kaduna Culumns 02.jpg
  | photo3a = Hassan Usman Katsina House.jpg
  | photo3b =
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  | color  = white
  | size = 275
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| image_caption                  = '''Clockwise from top:'''<br> Lugard Hall, the [[Kaduna River]], columns in honour of [[Elizabeth II]]'s state visit, and entrance of [[Hassan Usman Katsina]] House
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| pushpin_map_caption            = Location in Nigeria
<!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates                    = {{coord|10|31|23|N|7|26|25|E|region:NG|display=inline}}
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| subdivision_name                = [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|25px]] [[Nigeria]]
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| subdivision_type3              =
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| subdivision_name1              = [[Kaduna State]]
| subdivision_name2              =
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| subdivision_name4              = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| established_title              = <!-- Settled -->
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| established_date3              = <!-- Area    --------------------->
| government_footnotes            =
| government_type                =
| leader_title                    = [[List of Governors of Kaduna State|Governor]]
| leader_name                    = [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai]]
| leader_title1                  = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
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| area_blank1_sq_mi              = <!-- Population  ----------------------->
| population_total                = 760,084
| population_as_of                = 2006 census
| population_footnotes            = <ref>Summing the 2 LGAs Kaduna North/South as per {{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |title=Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census |author=Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette |date=15 May 2007 |access-date=2007-05-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101910/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |archive-date= 5 March 2012 }}</ref>
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| population_rank                = [[List of Nigerian cities by population|8th]]
| population_blank1_title        = Ethnicities
| population_blank1              = [[Gbagyi]], [[Adara people|Adara]], [[Hausa people|Hausa]], [[Atyap people|Atyap]]-[[Bajju people|Bajju]], [[Ham people|Ham]], [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]], [[Fulani]], [[Kanuri people|Kanuri]], [[Marghi]], [[Nupe people|Nupe]], and [[Igbo people|Igbo]],
| population_density_blank1_km2  =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information  --------------->
| population_blank2_title        = Religions
| population_blank2              =
| population_note                =
| elevation_m                    = 250
| website                        = {{URL|http://www.kdsg.gov.ng}}
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| blank_name                      = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info                      = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
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<!-- Infobox ends -->
'''Kaduna''' is the capital city of [[Kaduna State]], and the former political capital of [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Nigeria]]. It is located in north-western [[Nigeria]], on the [[Kaduna River]]. It is a trade centre and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.
 
The population of Kaduna was at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census. Rapid urbanization since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, now{{when|date=September 2020}} estimated to be around 1.3 million. The project population of people in Kaduna state as at 2021 is 8.9 million people.
 
==Etymology==
The etymology of the word ''Kaduna'' is said to be a corruption of the Hausa word for “crocodiles”, ''Kaddani'' in the Hausa language (''kaduna'' being the plural form).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-Nigeria|title=Kaduna {{!}} Location, History, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> Another version of the name proposes a link to the [[Gbagyi language|Gbagyi]] word/name 'Odna', meaning 'river'.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fundamentals of the Gbagyi Language|last=Shekwo|first=Joseph Amali|publisher=Centre for Adult Education and Extension Services, Ahmadu Bello University|year=1979|location=Zaria|ol=2795890M|oclc=11043184|url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2795890M/Fundamentals_of_the_Gbagyi_language}}</ref>
 
==History==
Kaduna was founded by [[British Empire|British]] colonists in 1900.<ref>Toyin Falola, Ann Genova, Matthew M. Heaton, ''Historical Dictionary of Nigeria'', Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 217</ref> The first British governor of Northern Nigeria, Sir [[Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard|Frederick Lugard]], chose the present site for development due to its proximity to the [[Lagos-Kano Railway]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Kaduna|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-Nigeria|access-date=13 November 2016|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> It became the capital of Nigeria's former [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]] in 1917,<ref>{{cite book|last=Fletcher|first=Banister |author2=Dan Cruickshank |title=Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture|year=1996|chapter=Africa|publisher=Architectural Press|isbn= 0-7506-2267-9|page=1466}}</ref> and retained this status until 1967. The city is still influential as the headquarters of various political, military and cultural organizations.
 
== Economy  ==
[[File:River Kaduna and Old Railway Bridge, Another View.jpg|thumb|River Kaduna and Old Railway Bridge.|left|156x156px]]
 
=== Industries ===
Kaduna is a major industrial centre in Northern Nigeria, manufacturing products like [[textile]]s, [[machinery]], [[steel]], [[aluminum|aluminium]], [[petroleum]] products and [[Bearing (mechanical)|bearings]]. However, the textile industry has been in decline due to recent Chinese imports and factory closures caused by years of neglect during the [[military dictatorship in Nigeria]]. Other light manufactures include: [[plastics]], [[pharmaceuticals]], [[leather]] goods, furniture, and televisions.<ref name=":1" /> [[Agriculture]] is also a major industry in Kaduna, and as such, the Bank of Agriculture has its headquarters in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria's Bank of Agriculture - financing farmers|url=https://www.sukfin.com/knowledge/bank-of-agriculture/|access-date=2020-05-30|website=SukFin|language=en-US}}</ref> Some of the main agricultural exports include: cotton, peanuts, sorghum, and ginger.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lagassé|first1=Paul|url=https://archive.org/details/columbiaencyclop00laga|title=Kaduna|date=January 2000|website=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia|isbn=9780787650155|edition=6th|access-date=13 November 2016|url-access=registration}}</ref> Kaduna also has a branch of the [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]].<ref name=":1" /> [[Automobile manufacturing]] also remains an important part of Kaduna's economy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Kaduna|url=https://citiesintransition.net/fct-cities/kaduna/|access-date=13 November 2016|website=The Forum for Cities in Transition}}</ref> Peugeot Automobiles Nigeria has an [[assembly plant]] in Kaduna.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peugeot Nigeria {{!}} Motion & Emotion|url=https://www.peugeotnigeria.com/|access-date=2019-08-01|website=www.peugeotnigeria.com|language=en}}</ref>  Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC), one of Nigeria's four main [[oil refineries]] is located in Kaduna. It is supplied by a pipeline from the [[Niger Delta]] oil fields.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC)|url=https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/KRPC.aspx|access-date=2019-08-01|website=www.nnpcgroup.com}}</ref>
 
A 2009 [[World Bank]] survey states that Kaduna is one of the top six cities with the highest [[unemployment]]. 20% of the population is estimated to be unemployed.<ref name=":0" />
 
=== Sports and tourism ===
There is a large [[racecourse]] named [[Murtala Square|Murtala Mohammed Square]], approximately {{convert|1|mi|km|order=flip}} round, inside which is found the [[Kaduna Polo Club]]. [[Kaduna Golf Club]] is also located within the Kaduna [[Central Business District|CBD]]. Other Sports facilities include the [[Ahmadu Bello Stadium]] and [[Ranchers Bees Stadium]]. There are several hotels in the city.
 
=== Infrastructure ===
The infrastructure network in the city are currently being developed under the administration of [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai|Nasir el-Rufai]]. Kaduna has an inland dry port.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kaduna Inland Dry Port (KIDP)|url=http://kadunainlanddryport.net/|access-date=2019-07-28|website=Kaduna Inland Dry Port|language=en-US}}</ref> The Nigerian military has several installations in the city including the [[Nigerian Defence Academy]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-10|title=PHOTOS: Passing -out parade of Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/10/photos-passing-out-parade-of-nigerian-defence-academy-kaduna/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
=== Airport ===
The city is served by [[Kaduna Airport|Kaduna International Airport]]. The airport commenced operations in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-06|title=Kaduna Airport|url=https://www.faan.gov.ng/kaduna-airport/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> The Nigerian Air Force maintains a presence in the city.
 
=== Railways ===
 
Kaduna is also on the route of the planned [[Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway]], which has been completed between the national capital of [[Abuja]] and Kaduna. Trains for [[Abuja]] depart from the [[Rigasa Railway Station]] in Kaduna.<ref name="muhammad2016">{{cite news|last1=Muhammad|first1=Hamisu|date=23 July 2016|title=A memorable trip on the Abuja-Kaduna train|work=Daily Trust|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/a-memorable-trip-on-the-abuja-kaduna-train/156469.html}}</ref> Kaduna is an important junction on Nigeria's [[Rail transport in Nigeria|Cape gauge railway network]].  At Kaduna, a branch line connects the [[Lagos]]–Nguru Railway to the [[Port Harcourt]]–Maiduguri railway.
 
== Education ==
Kaduna is popularly known as the centre of learning, as evident from the numerous educational institutions located in the state. Tertiary Institutions in Kaduna city include:
 
*[[Kaduna State University]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria federal, state universities latest update on school resumption date|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-54078885|access-date=2021-06-28}}</ref>
*[[Nigerian Defence Academy]] (NDA), Kaduna<ref name=":2" />
*[[Greenfield University]] Kaduna<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-30|title=Kaduna govt confirms release of abducted Greenfield University students|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/05/kaduna-govt-confirms-release-of-abducted-greenfield-university-students/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[National Open University of Nigeria]], Kaduna Study Center
* [[Air Force Institute of Technology (Nigeria)|Air Force Institute of Technology]], Kaduna<ref>{{Cite web|last=Makinwa|first=Ekaete|date=2021-02-16|title=List of federal universities in Nigeria and their school fees 2021/2022|url=https://www.legit.ng/1095689-list-federal-universities-nigeria-school-fees-20212022.html|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref>
*[[National Teachers Institute]] (NTI), Kaduna<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-27|title=Why we are extending registration for new intakes ―NTI boss|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/extending-registration-new-intakes-―nti-boss/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* School of Midwifery Kaduna<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-06|title=Accreditation: Kaduna College of Nursing seeks govt. support|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/accreditation-kaduna-college-of-nursing-seeks-govt-support/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Kaduna Polytechnic]] (1968), Kaduna<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-05|title=FG Releases List Of Top 10 Nigerian Polytechnics|url=https://thewhistler.ng/fg-releases-list-of-top-10-nigerian-polytechnics/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=The Whistler Nigeria|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-19|title=List of Federal Polytechnic in Nigeria|url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/nigerian-tertiary-institutions-list-of-federal-polytechnic-in-nigeria/0wxl8fb|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref>
*[[National board for Islamic and Arabic studies]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=We are not responsible for staff salary ― National Arabic Board|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/we-are-not-responsible-for-staff-salary-―-national-arabic-board/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref>
*Kaduna Business School<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-24|title=NUC releases names of 58 illegal universities in Nigeria (FULL LIST)|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/269560-nuc-releases-names-of-58-illegal-universities-in-nigeria-full-list.html|access-date=2021-06-28|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-25|title=58 fake universities operating at the moment in Nigeria, says NUC|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/05/58-fake-universities-operating-moment-nigeria-says-nuc/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Dialogue Institute Kaduna]]
*Institute of Ophthalmology, National Eye Centre, Kaduna.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-23|title=National Eye Centre shutdown 80% services- The Nation Nigeria Newsa|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/national-eye-centre-shutdown-80-services/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref>
*National board for Arabic and Islamic studies
*National center for nomadic education
*Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State
 
== Places of worship == 
Among the [[places of worship]], there are predominantly [[Islam|Muslim]] mosques.<ref>J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2107</ref> [[Sultan Bello Mosque]] is the biggest and a central mosque in kaduna. There are also [[Christianity|Christian]] churches and temples: [[Church of Nigeria]] ([[Anglican Communion]]), [[Presbyterian Church of Nigeria]] ([[World Communion of Reformed Churches]]), [[Nigerian Baptist Convention]] ([[Baptist World Alliance]]), [[Living Faith Church Worldwide]], [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]], [[Assemblies of God]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna]] ([[Catholic Church]]), [[Mountain of fire and miracles ministries, North central 2 Mega Regional HQ]] (http://www.mountainoffire.org).
 
==Climate==
<div style="width:100%;">
{{Weather box
|location = Kaduna
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 37.8
|Feb record high C = 37.8
|Mar record high C = 38.3
|Apr record high C = 38.3
|May record high C = 37.8
|Jun record high C = 34.4
|Jul record high C = 32.2
|Aug record high C = 31.7
|Sep record high C = 32.2
|Oct record high C = 34.4
|Nov record high C = 35.6
|Dec record high C = 35.6
|year record high C = 38.3
|Jan high C = 31.7
|Feb high C = 33.4
|Mar high C = 35.0
|Apr high C = 34.2
|May high C = 31.7
|Jun high C = 29.5
|Jul high C = 27.5
|Aug high C = 27.0
|Sep high C = 29.0
|Oct high C = 31.1
|Nov high C = 32.7
|Dec high C = 31.8
|year high C = 31.2
|Jan mean C = 23.4
|Feb mean C = 25.0
|Mar mean C = 27.7
|Apr mean C = 27.9
|May mean C = 26.3
|Jun mean C = 24.6
|Jul mean C = 23.4
|Aug mean C = 23.2
|Sep mean C = 24.0
|Oct mean C = 24.9
|Nov mean C = 24.2
|Dec mean C = 23.0
|year mean C = 24.8
|Jan low C = 15.1
|Feb low C = 16.7
|Mar low C = 20.4
|Apr low C = 21.6
|May low C = 20.9
|Jun low C = 19.8
|Jul low C = 19.4
|Aug low C = 19.3
|Sep low C = 19.1
|Oct low C = 18.7
|Nov low C = 15.6
|Dec low C = 14.3
|year low C = 18.4
|Jan record low C = 9.4
|Feb record low C = 8.9
|Mar record low C = 15.0
|Apr record low C = 14.7
|May record low C = 16.7
|Jun record low C = 15.6
|Jul record low C = 16.7
|Aug record low C = 16.7
|Sep record low C = 15.6
|Oct record low C = 13.3
|Nov record low C = 10.0
|Dec record low C = 9.4
|year record low C = 8.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 0.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 2
|Mar precipitation mm = 13
|Apr precipitation mm = 66
|May precipitation mm = 157
|Jun precipitation mm = 178
|Jul precipitation mm = 206
|Aug precipitation mm = 290
|Sep precipitation mm = 277
|Oct precipitation mm = 86
|Nov precipitation mm = 5
|Dec precipitation mm = 0
|year precipitation mm = 1280
|unit precipitation days = 0.3 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 0
|Feb precipitation days = 0
|Mar precipitation days = 2
|Apr precipitation days = 5
|May precipitation days = 13
|Jun precipitation days = 16
|Jul precipitation days = 18
|Aug precipitation days = 22
|Sep precipitation days = 21
|Oct precipitation days = 8
|Nov precipitation days = 0
|Dec precipitation days = 0
|year precipitation days = 105
|Jan humidity = 26
|Feb humidity = 24
|Mar humidity = 37
|Apr humidity = 57
|May humidity = 73
|Jun humidity = 82
|Jul humidity = 86
|Aug humidity = 88
|Sep humidity = 85
|Oct humidity = 74
|Nov humidity = 48
|Dec humidity = 31
|year humidity = 59
|Jan sun = 279.0
|Feb sun = 262.7
|Mar sun = 266.6
|Apr sun = 243.0
|May sun = 241.8
|Jun sun = 216.0
|Jul sun = 155.0
|Aug sun = 120.9
|Sep sun = 171.0
|Oct sun = 248.0
|Nov sun = 285.0
|Dec sun = 294.5
|year sun = 2783.5
|Jand sun = 9.0
|Febd sun = 9.3
|Mard sun = 8.6
|Aprd sun = 8.1
|Mayd sun = 7.8
|Jund sun = 7.2
|Juld sun = 5.0
|Augd sun = 3.9
|Sepd sun = 5.7
|Octd sun = 8.0
|Novd sun = 9.5
|Decd sun = 9.5
|yeard sun = 7.6
|source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref name = DWD>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_650190_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Kaduna / Nigeria
| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 14 July 2016}}</ref>
}}</div>
 
== Notable residents==
*[[Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab]], the "underwear bomber" suspect of the terrorist arson attempt on [[Northwest flight 253]] in December 2009, grew up here and returned to the city on holiday.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/world/africa/17abdulmutallab.html | work=The New York Times | first=Adam | last=Nossiter | title=Lonely Trek to Radicalism for Terror Suspect | date=2010-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=“Underwear Bomber” Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab Pleads Guilty|url=https://www.fbi.gov/detroit/press-releases/2011/underwear-bomber-umar-farouk-abdulmutallab-pleads-guilty|access-date=2021-06-28|website=FBI|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Childress|first=Sarah|date=2010-01-11|title=Ghana Probes Visit by Bomb Suspect|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126261251907114813|access-date=2021-06-28|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
* [[Tijani Babangida]], footballer who played [[Winger (association football)|winger]] with Ajax<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-01|title=Tijani Babangida opens up on Zidane encounter in Champions League tie|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/tijani-babangida-opens-up-on-zidane-encounter-in-champions-league-tie/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Alao|first=Seyi|date=2020-09-25|title=NFF, CAF and Ajax celebrates Tijani Babangida at 47|url=https://www.brila.net/nff-caf-and-ajax-celebrates-tijani-babangida-at-47/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Celestine Babayaro]], footballer who played mainly in the [[Premier League]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=What's in the Kaduna water? New Roma starlets join long line of impressive talents out of northern Nigeria {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4079/features/2016/06/27/24973092/something-in-the-kaduna-water-new-roma-starlets-join-long|access-date=2021-06-28|website=www.goal.com}}</ref>
*[[Michael Eneramo]], footballer
*[[Fiona Fullerton]], British actress and former [[Bond girl]]
*[[Leke James]], footballer<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leke James eager for Middle East experience after completing Al Qadsiah move {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/leke-james-eager-for-middle-east-experience-after-completing/1wdfn6s8tc7k81e7f91pmutje4|access-date=2021-06-28|website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-17|title=What more does Leke James need to do to get Super Eagles call-up?|url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/what-more-does-leke-james-need-to-do-to-get-super-eagles-call-up/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Score Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Zamani Lekwot]], statesman<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-18|title=SOUTHERN KADUNA KILLINGS: KDSG has questions to answer — Zamani Lekwot|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/southern-kaduna-killings-kdsg-has-questions-to-answer-zamani-lekwot/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-03|title=Outsiders caused Southern Kaduna crises, Lekwot declares|url=https://guardian.ng/news/outsiders-caused-southern-kaduna-crises-lekwot-declares/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi]], politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-16|title=Senator Makarfi loses father|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/senator-makarfi-loses-father/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Mohammed Namadi Sambo]], politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-14|title=Ex-Kaduna Speaker Jumare dies - The Nation Newspaper|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ex-kaduna-speaker-jumare-dies/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Shehu Sani]], politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-10|title=Senator reacts to Gov El-Rufai’s outbursts, curses|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/shehu-sani-senator-reacts-to-gov-el-rufais-outbursts-curses/34p1yqg|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-04|title=El-Rufai: The three senators representing Kaduna are useless|url=https://www.thecable.ng/el-rufai-the-three-senators-representing-kaduna-are-useless|access-date=2021-06-28|website=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Uba Sani]], politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-31|title=Uba Sani gives hope to Kaduna Central in 2021|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/12/uba-sani-gives-hope-to-kaduna-central-in-2021/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Simeh|first=Chamba|date=2020-11-08|title=Kaduna cheers as Uba Sani picks legislative excellence award|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/kaduna-cheers-as-uba-sani-picks-legislative-excellence-award/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Dahiru Sadi]], footballer<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayeni|first=Olawale|date=2020-11-11|title=Kaduna Marathon Gets 6 Goodwill Ambassadors|url=https://leadership.ng/kaduna-marathon-gets-6-goodwill-ambassadors/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[Adam A Zango]], [[Kannywood]] actor, musician, singer and dancer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-12|title=Angry youth stone, abuse Adam Zango at Kaduna Musical Festival {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/195035-angry-youth-stone-abuse-adam-zango-at-kaduna-musical-festival.html|access-date=2021-06-28|language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[Talib Zanna]] (born 1990), basketball player in the [[Israel Basketball Premier League]]
* [[Efe Ambrose]], [[footballer]] who played for the [[Nigeria national football team]] was born and raised here<ref>{{Cite web|title=What's in the Kaduna water? New Roma starlets join long line of impressive talents out of northern Nigeria {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4079/features/2016/06/27/24973092/something-in-the-kaduna-water-new-roma-starlets-join-long|access-date=2021-06-28|website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-10|title=Brazil 2014: Profiling Nigeria’s defenders {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/162503-brazil-2014-profiling-nigerias-defenders.html|access-date=2021-06-28|language=en-GB}}</ref>
 
== See also ==
* [[Railway stations in Nigeria]]
* [[Kaduna State]]
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline|Kaduna}}
 
{{Coord|10|31|N|7|26|E|region:NG_type:city(1652844)|display=title}}
{{Cities in Nigeria}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Kaduna| ]]
[[Category:State capitals in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Populated places in Kaduna State]]
[[Category:Cities in Nigeria]]
[[Category:1913 establishments in the Northern Nigeria Protectorate]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1913]]

Latest revision as of 21:15, 6 September 2021

Kaduna
Lugard Hall, Kaduna. Parliamentary house of assembly Capital of North Region.jpg
River Kaduna 14.jpg
Kaduna Culumns 02.jpg
Hassan Usman Katsina House.jpg
Clockwise from top:
Lugard Hall, the Kaduna River, columns in honour of Elizabeth II's state visit, and entrance of Hassan Usman Katsina House
Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 526: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/Nigeria" does not exist.
Coordinates: 10°31′23″N 7°26′25″E / 10.52306°N 7.44028°E / 10.52306; 7.44028
CountryFlag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria
StateKaduna State
Government
 • GovernorNasir Ahmad el-Rufai
Area
 • Total431 km2 (166 sq mi)
Elevation
250 m (820 ft)
Population
 (2006 census)[1]
 • Total760,084
 • Rank8th
 • Density1,800/km2 (4,600/sq mi)
 • Ethnicities
Gbagyi Adara Hausa Atyap-Bajju Ham Yoruba Fulani Kanuri Marghi Nupe and Igbo
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (CEST)
ClimateAw
Websitewww.kdsg.gov.ng

Kaduna is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade centre and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.

The population of Kaduna was at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census. Rapid urbanization since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, now[when?] estimated to be around 1.3 million. The project population of people in Kaduna state as at 2021 is 8.9 million people.

Etymology[edit]

The etymology of the word Kaduna is said to be a corruption of the Hausa word for “crocodiles”, Kaddani in the Hausa language (kaduna being the plural form).[2] Another version of the name proposes a link to the Gbagyi word/name 'Odna', meaning 'river'.[3]

History[edit]

Kaduna was founded by British colonists in 1900.[4] The first British governor of Northern Nigeria, Sir Frederick Lugard, chose the present site for development due to its proximity to the Lagos-Kano Railway.[5] It became the capital of Nigeria's former Northern Region in 1917,[6] and retained this status until 1967. The city is still influential as the headquarters of various political, military and cultural organizations.

Economy[edit]

River Kaduna and Old Railway Bridge.

Industries[edit]

Kaduna is a major industrial centre in Northern Nigeria, manufacturing products like textiles, machinery, steel, aluminium, petroleum products and bearings. However, the textile industry has been in decline due to recent Chinese imports and factory closures caused by years of neglect during the military dictatorship in Nigeria. Other light manufactures include: plastics, pharmaceuticals, leather goods, furniture, and televisions.[5] Agriculture is also a major industry in Kaduna, and as such, the Bank of Agriculture has its headquarters in the city.[7] Some of the main agricultural exports include: cotton, peanuts, sorghum, and ginger.[8] Kaduna also has a branch of the Nigerian Stock Exchange.[5] Automobile manufacturing also remains an important part of Kaduna's economy.[9] Peugeot Automobiles Nigeria has an assembly plant in Kaduna.[10] Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC), one of Nigeria's four main oil refineries is located in Kaduna. It is supplied by a pipeline from the Niger Delta oil fields.[5][11]

A 2009 World Bank survey states that Kaduna is one of the top six cities with the highest unemployment. 20% of the population is estimated to be unemployed.[9]

Sports and tourism[edit]

There is a large racecourse named Murtala Mohammed Square, approximately 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) round, inside which is found the Kaduna Polo Club. Kaduna Golf Club is also located within the Kaduna CBD. Other Sports facilities include the Ahmadu Bello Stadium and Ranchers Bees Stadium. There are several hotels in the city.

Infrastructure[edit]

The infrastructure network in the city are currently being developed under the administration of Nasir el-Rufai. Kaduna has an inland dry port.[12] The Nigerian military has several installations in the city including the Nigerian Defence Academy.[13]

Airport[edit]

The city is served by Kaduna International Airport. The airport commenced operations in 1982.[14] The Nigerian Air Force maintains a presence in the city.

Railways[edit]

Kaduna is also on the route of the planned Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway, which has been completed between the national capital of Abuja and Kaduna. Trains for Abuja depart from the Rigasa Railway Station in Kaduna.[15] Kaduna is an important junction on Nigeria's Cape gauge railway network. At Kaduna, a branch line connects the Lagos–Nguru Railway to the Port Harcourt–Maiduguri railway.

Education[edit]

Kaduna is popularly known as the centre of learning, as evident from the numerous educational institutions located in the state. Tertiary Institutions in Kaduna city include:

Places of worship[edit]

Among the places of worship, there are predominantly Muslim mosques.[27] Sultan Bello Mosque is the biggest and a central mosque in kaduna. There are also Christian churches and temples: Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), Presbyterian Church of Nigeria (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Nigerian Baptist Convention (Baptist World Alliance), Living Faith Church Worldwide, Redeemed Christian Church of God, Assemblies of God, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna (Catholic Church), Mountain of fire and miracles ministries, North central 2 Mega Regional HQ (http://www.mountainoffire.org).

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Kaduna
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.8
(100.0) 		37.8
(100.0) 		38.3
(100.9) 		38.3
(100.9) 		37.8
(100.0) 		34.4
(93.9) 		32.2
(90.0) 		31.7
(89.1) 		32.2
(90.0) 		34.4
(93.9) 		35.6
(96.1) 		35.6
(96.1) 		38.3
(100.9)
Average high °C (°F) 31.7
(89.1) 		33.4
(92.1) 		35.0
(95.0) 		34.2
(93.6) 		31.7
(89.1) 		29.5
(85.1) 		27.5
(81.5) 		27.0
(80.6) 		29.0
(84.2) 		31.1
(88.0) 		32.7
(90.9) 		31.8
(89.2) 		31.2
(88.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 23.4
(74.1) 		25.0
(77.0) 		27.7
(81.9) 		27.9
(82.2) 		26.3
(79.3) 		24.6
(76.3) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.2
(73.8) 		24.0
(75.2) 		24.9
(76.8) 		24.2
(75.6) 		23.0
(73.4) 		24.8
(76.6)
Average low °C (°F) 15.1
(59.2) 		16.7
(62.1) 		20.4
(68.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		20.9
(69.6) 		19.8
(67.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.7
(65.7) 		15.6
(60.1) 		14.3
(57.7) 		18.4
(65.1)
Record low °C (°F) 9.4
(48.9) 		8.9
(48.0) 		15.0
(59.0) 		14.7
(58.5) 		16.7
(62.1) 		15.6
(60.1) 		16.7
(62.1) 		16.7
(62.1) 		15.6
(60.1) 		13.3
(55.9) 		10.0
(50.0) 		9.4
(48.9) 		8.9
(48.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 0.5
(0.02) 		2
(0.1) 		13
(0.5) 		66
(2.6) 		157
(6.2) 		178
(7.0) 		206
(8.1) 		290
(11.4) 		277
(10.9) 		86
(3.4) 		5
(0.2) 		0
(0) 		1,280
(50.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.3 mm) 0 0 2 5 13 16 18 22 21 8 0 0 105
Average relative humidity (%) 26 24 37 57 73 82 86 88 85 74 48 31 59
Mean monthly sunshine hours 279.0 262.7 266.6 243.0 241.8 216.0 155.0 120.9 171.0 248.0 285.0 294.5 2,783.5
Mean daily sunshine hours 9.0 9.3 8.6 8.1 7.8 7.2 5.0 3.9 5.7 8.0 9.5 9.5 7.6
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[28]

Notable residents[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Summing the 2 LGAs Kaduna North/South as per Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette (15 May 2007). "Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 2007-05-19.
  2. ↑ "Kaduna | Location, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  3. ↑ Shekwo, Joseph Amali (1979). Fundamentals of the Gbagyi Language. Zaria: Centre for Adult Education and Extension Services, Ahmadu Bello University. OCLC 11043184. OL 2795890M.
  4. ↑ Toyin Falola, Ann Genova, Matthew M. Heaton, Historical Dictionary of Nigeria, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 217
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Kaduna". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  6. ↑ Fletcher, Banister; Dan Cruickshank (1996). "Africa". Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture. Architectural Press. p. 1466. ISBN 0-7506-2267-9.
  7. ↑ "Nigeria's Bank of Agriculture - financing farmers". SukFin. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  8. ↑ Lagassé, Paul (January 2000). Kaduna. ISBN 9780787650155. Retrieved 13 November 2016. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Kaduna". The Forum for Cities in Transition. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  10. ↑ "Peugeot Nigeria | Motion & Emotion". www.peugeotnigeria.com. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
  11. ↑ "Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC)". www.nnpcgroup.com. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
  12. ↑ "Kaduna Inland Dry Port (KIDP)". Kaduna Inland Dry Port. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "PHOTOS: Passing -out parade of Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna". Vanguard News. 2020-10-10. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  14. ↑ "Kaduna Airport". Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria. 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
  15. ↑ Muhammad, Hamisu (23 July 2016). "A memorable trip on the Abuja-Kaduna train". Daily Trust.
  16. ↑ "Nigeria federal, state universities latest update on school resumption date". BBC News Pidgin. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  17. ↑ "Kaduna govt confirms release of abducted Greenfield University students". Vanguard News. 2021-05-30. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  18. ↑ Makinwa, Ekaete (2021-02-16). "List of federal universities in Nigeria and their school fees 2021/2022". Legit.ng - Nigeria news. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  19. ↑ "Why we are extending registration for new intakes ―NTI boss". Tribune Online. 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  20. ↑ "Accreditation: Kaduna College of Nursing seeks govt. support". Vanguard News. 2020-03-06. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  21. ↑ "FG Releases List Of Top 10 Nigerian Polytechnics". The Whistler Nigeria. 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  22. ↑ "List of Federal Polytechnic in Nigeria". Pulse Nigeria. 2018-08-19. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  23. ↑ "We are not responsible for staff salary ― National Arabic Board". Tribune Online. 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  24. ↑ "NUC releases names of 58 illegal universities in Nigeria (FULL LIST)". 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  25. ↑ "58 fake universities operating at the moment in Nigeria, says NUC". Vanguard News. 2018-05-25. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  26. ↑ "National Eye Centre shutdown 80% services- The Nation Nigeria Newsa". Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics. 2020-05-23. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  27. ↑ J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2107
  28. ↑ "Klimatafel von Kaduna / Nigeria" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in Deutsch). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  29. ↑ Nossiter, Adam (2010-01-17). "Lonely Trek to Radicalism for Terror Suspect". The New York Times.
  30. ↑ ""Underwear Bomber" Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab Pleads Guilty". FBI. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  31. ↑ Childress, Sarah (2010-01-11). "Ghana Probes Visit by Bomb Suspect". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  32. ↑ "Tijani Babangida opens up on Zidane encounter in Champions League tie". Vanguard News. 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  33. ↑ Alao, Seyi (2020-09-25). "NFF, CAF and Ajax celebrates Tijani Babangida at 47". Latest Sports News In Nigeria. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  34. ↑ "What's in the Kaduna water? New Roma starlets join long line of impressive talents out of northern Nigeria | Goal.com". www.goal.com. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  35. ↑ "Leke James eager for Middle East experience after completing Al Qadsiah move | Goal.com". www.goal.com. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  36. ↑ "What more does Leke James need to do to get Super Eagles call-up?". Score Nigeria. 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  37. ↑ "SOUTHERN KADUNA KILLINGS: KDSG has questions to answer — Zamani Lekwot". Vanguard News. 2020-08-18. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  38. ↑ "Outsiders caused Southern Kaduna crises, Lekwot declares". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  39. ↑ "Senator Makarfi loses father". Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics. 2019-07-16. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  40. ↑ "Ex-Kaduna Speaker Jumare dies - The Nation Newspaper". Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics. 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  41. ↑ "Senator reacts to Gov El-Rufai's outbursts, curses". Pulse Nigeria. 2018-05-10. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  42. ↑ "El-Rufai: The three senators representing Kaduna are useless". TheCable. 2018-05-04. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  43. ↑ "Uba Sani gives hope to Kaduna Central in 2021". Vanguard News. 2020-12-31. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  44. ↑ Simeh, Chamba (2020-11-08). "Kaduna cheers as Uba Sani picks legislative excellence award". Blueprint Newspapers Limited. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  45. ↑ Ayeni, Olawale (2020-11-11). "Kaduna Marathon Gets 6 Goodwill Ambassadors". Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  46. ↑ "Angry youth stone, abuse Adam Zango at Kaduna Musical Festival | Premium Times Nigeria". 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  47. ↑ "What's in the Kaduna water? New Roma starlets join long line of impressive talents out of northern Nigeria | Goal.com". www.goal.com. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  48. ↑ "Brazil 2014: Profiling Nigeria's defenders | Premium Times Nigeria". 2014-06-10. Retrieved 2021-06-28.

External links[edit]

Coordinates: 10°31′N 7°26′E / 10.517°N 7.433°E / 10.517; 7.433 Template:Cities in Nigeria

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