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==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
Little is known about Vasugupta's life, other than he lived in [[Kashmir]] and in the first half of the 9th century. He probably was born in late 8th century. This dating is based on mentions of his work in other Indian texts, and the biography of his students particularly Kallata and [[Somananda]], both of whom are dated to have actively composed philosophical texts sometime between 825 and 900 CE.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jaideva Singh|title=Spanda Karikas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OyKy3eMyAcC |year=1980|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0821-8|pages=xiii–xv}}</ref><ref name=tagare4/> He probably was a contemporary and aware of the ideas of [[Advaita Vedanta]], and of [[Buddhist]] scholars of the 8th and 9th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=Omacanda Hāṇḍā|title=Buddhist Art & Antiquities of Himachal Pradesh, Upto 8th Century A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Cqgb9pL3L4C&pg=PA103| year=1994|publisher =Indus|isbn=978-81-85182-99-5|pages=103–104}}</ref><ref name=tagare4>{{cite book|author=Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare|title=The Pratyabhijñā Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW6UtkgT-CcC&pg=PA3|year =2002|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1892-7|pages=3–4}}</ref> | Little is known about Vasugupta's life, other than he lived in [[Kashmir]] and in the first half of the 9th century. He probably was born in late 8th century to a [[Kashmiri Hindu]] family. This dating is based on mentions of his work in other Indian texts, and the biography of his students particularly Kallata and [[Somananda]], both of whom are dated to have actively composed philosophical texts sometime between 825 and 900 CE.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jaideva Singh|title=Spanda Karikas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OyKy3eMyAcC |year=1980|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0821-8|pages=xiii–xv}}</ref><ref name=tagare4/> He probably was a contemporary and aware of the ideas of [[Advaita Vedanta]], and of [[Buddhist]] scholars of the 8th and 9th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=Omacanda Hāṇḍā|title=Buddhist Art & Antiquities of Himachal Pradesh, Upto 8th Century A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Cqgb9pL3L4C&pg=PA103| year=1994|publisher =Indus|isbn=978-81-85182-99-5|pages=103–104}}</ref><ref name=tagare4>{{cite book|author=Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare|title=The Pratyabhijñā Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW6UtkgT-CcC&pg=PA3|year =2002|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1892-7|pages=3–4}}</ref> | ||
The author is believed in Shaiva tradition to have amassed knowledge and recognition through direct realization. He was a native of [[Kashmir]] and a [[Shaivism|Shaiva]]. It is unclear how and what inspired him to write the Shiva Sutras, and early texts mention no legends. Later tradition and [[hagiography|hagiographic]] texts present inconsistent stories. One states that Vasugupta found the sutras inscribed on a rock called ''Sankaropala''. Another states that Shiva appeared in his dream and recited it to him, who then wrote it down. There are additional stories, but the texts of the immediate students of Vasugupta mention none of these legends except the one where Vasugupta discovers the Sutras in his dream.<ref name="Chatterji1914"/> | The author is believed in Shaiva tradition to have amassed knowledge and recognition through direct realization. He was a native of [[Kashmir]] and a [[Shaivism|Shaiva]]. It is unclear how and what inspired him to write the Shiva Sutras, and early texts mention no legends. Later tradition and [[hagiography|hagiographic]] texts present inconsistent stories. One states that Vasugupta found the sutras inscribed on a rock called ''Sankaropala''. Another states that Shiva appeared in his dream and recited it to him, who then wrote it down. There are additional stories, but the texts of the immediate students of Vasugupta mention none of these legends except the one where Vasugupta discovers the Sutras in his dream.<ref name="Chatterji1914"/> | ||
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==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
* {{cite book|author=Kshemaraja|title=The Shiva Sutra Vimarshini: Being the Sutras of Vasu Gupta with the Commentary Called Vimarshini|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ziYPgAACAAJ|year=1911}} | * {{cite book|author=Kshemaraja|title=The Shiva Sutra Vimarshini: Being the Sutras of Vasu Gupta with the Commentary Called Vimarshini|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ziYPgAACAAJ|year=1911}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
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[[Category:Medieval Hindu religious leaders]] | [[Category:Medieval Hindu religious leaders]] | ||
[[Category:9th-century philosophers]] | [[Category:9th-century philosophers]] | ||
[[Category:Hindu philosophers]] | [[Category:Hindu philosophers and theologians]] | ||
[[Category:Kashmir Shaivism]] | [[Category:Kashmir Shaivism]] | ||
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]] | |||
[[Category:850 deaths]] | |||
{{hindu-bio-stub}} | {{hindu-bio-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:05, 17 August 2021
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Vasugupta (~ 800 – 850 CE) was the author of the Shiva Sutras, an important text of the Advaita tradition of Kashmir Shaivism, also called Trika (sometimes called Trika Yoga).[1][2]
Biography[edit | edit source]
Little is known about Vasugupta's life, other than he lived in Kashmir and in the first half of the 9th century. He probably was born in late 8th century to a Kashmiri Hindu family. This dating is based on mentions of his work in other Indian texts, and the biography of his students particularly Kallata and Somananda, both of whom are dated to have actively composed philosophical texts sometime between 825 and 900 CE.[3][4] He probably was a contemporary and aware of the ideas of Advaita Vedanta, and of Buddhist scholars of the 8th and 9th century.[5][4]
The author is believed in Shaiva tradition to have amassed knowledge and recognition through direct realization. He was a native of Kashmir and a Shaiva. It is unclear how and what inspired him to write the Shiva Sutras, and early texts mention no legends. Later tradition and hagiographic texts present inconsistent stories. One states that Vasugupta found the sutras inscribed on a rock called Sankaropala. Another states that Shiva appeared in his dream and recited it to him, who then wrote it down. There are additional stories, but the texts of the immediate students of Vasugupta mention none of these legends except the one where Vasugupta discovers the Sutras in his dream.[2]
Vasugupta also wrote the Spanda Karikas as a commentary on the Shiva Sutras. He paved the way for later scholars for a cultural and religious renaissance in Kashmir which continued for centuries till the advent of Islam. His principal disciple, Bhatta Kallata spread the Shiva Sutras, and wrote Spanda-karika in the 2nd half of the 9th century.[2]
Philosophy and Kashmir Shaivism[edit | edit source]
Vasugupta is regarded by some as the founder of the system of Hindu philosophy known as Advaita Shaivism of Kashmir, or Trika.[2]
Vasugupta's Shiva Sutra is an important Yoga text, foundational to the Trika system of Kashmir Shaivism. The text discusses the nature and cause of bondage, and how one liberates from this bondage. The text has been extensively commented upon by Indian authors, and some manuscripts have been translated into English, such as by Mark Dyczkowski[1] and by Jaideva Singh.[6]
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Kshemaraja (1911). The Shiva Sutra Vimarshini: Being the Sutras of Vasu Gupta with the Commentary Called Vimarshini.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vasugupta; Mark Dyczkowski (Translator) (1992). The Aphorisms of Siva: The Siva Sutra with Bhaskara's Commentary, the Varttika. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1263-3.
{{cite book}}:|author2=has generic name (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Jagadish Chandra Chatterji (1914). Kashmir Shaivaism. SUNY Press (Reprint). pp. 155–157. ISBN 978-0-88706-179-0.
- ↑ Jaideva Singh (1980). Spanda Karikas. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. xiii–xv. ISBN 978-81-208-0821-8.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare (2002). The Pratyabhijñā Philosophy. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-81-208-1892-7.
- ↑ Omacanda Hāṇḍā (1994). Buddhist Art & Antiquities of Himachal Pradesh, Upto 8th Century A.D. Indus. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-81-85182-99-5.
- ↑ Vasugupta; Jaideva Singh (1979). Śiva Sūtras. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0407-4.
External links[edit | edit source]
- About Shiva Sutras - Swami Lakshmanjoo
- Siva Sutras-The yoga of Supreme Identity http://bibleoteca.narod.ru/tantra/Jaideva_Singh_Siva_Sutras.pdf ]
- The Shiva Sutras http://www.shivashakti.com/sutras.htm
- The Shiva Sutras http://www.inannareturns.com/files/ShivaSutras.pdf
- MARK-DYCZKOWSKI-1992-THE-APHORISMS-OF-SIVA-THE-SHIVA-SUTRAS-WITH-BHASKARA'S-COMMENTARY-(267P)
_name_of_the_God_as_per_the_Vedas.svg){kind=link}