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United States Secretary of State: Difference between revisions
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The '''United States secretary of state<!--"Secretary of State" is uncapitalized here because it is preceded by modifier "The", per [[MOS:JOBTITLES]] bullet 3 and table column 2 example 1. Any proposal for modification to the guideline should be posted at its talk page, [[WT:MOSBIO]].-->''' implements [[ | The '''United States secretary of state<!--"Secretary of State" is uncapitalized here because it is preceded by modifier "The", per [[MOS:JOBTITLES]] bullet 3 and table column 2 example 1. Any proposal for modification to the guideline should be posted at its talk page, [[WT:MOSBIO]].-->''' implements [[Foreign policy of the United States|foreign policy]] for the U.S. government as the head of the [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]]. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the President's [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet]], and ranks the first in the U.S. [[United States presidential line of succession|presidential line of succession]] among Cabinet secretaries. | ||
Created in 1789 with [[Thomas Jefferson]] as the first office holder, the Secretary of State represents the US to foreign countries, and is therefore considered analogous to a [[foreign minister]] in other countries.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120927014351/http://www.un.int/protocol/documents/Hspmfm.pdf "Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs"], Protocol and Liaison Service, [[United Nations]]. Retrieved November 2, 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-C0FDE451-36F2483B/natolive/nato_countries.htm NATO Member Countries], [[NATO]]. Retrieved November 2, 2012.</ref> The secretary of state is nominated by the [[president of the United States]] and, following a [[confirmation hearing]] before the [[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|Senate Committee on Foreign Relations]], is confirmed by the [[United States Senate]]. The secretary of state, along with the [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|secretary of the treasury]], [[United States Secretary of Defense|secretary of defense]], and [[United States Attorney General|attorney general]], are generally regarded as the four most crucial Cabinet members because of the importance of their respective departments.<ref>"Cabinets and Counselors: The President and the Executive Branch" (1997). ''[[Congressional Quarterly]]''. p. 87.</ref> | Created in 1789 with [[Thomas Jefferson]] as the first office holder, the Secretary of State represents the US to foreign countries, and is therefore considered analogous to a [[foreign minister]] in other countries.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120927014351/http://www.un.int/protocol/documents/Hspmfm.pdf "Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs"], Protocol and Liaison Service, [[United Nations]]. Retrieved November 2, 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-C0FDE451-36F2483B/natolive/nato_countries.htm NATO Member Countries], [[NATO]]. Retrieved November 2, 2012.</ref> The secretary of state is nominated by the [[president of the United States]] and, following a [[confirmation hearing]] before the [[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|Senate Committee on Foreign Relations]], is confirmed by the [[United States Senate]]. The secretary of state, along with the [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|secretary of the treasury]], [[United States Secretary of Defense|secretary of defense]], and [[United States Attorney General|attorney general]], are generally regarded as the four most crucial Cabinet members because of the importance of their respective departments.<ref>"Cabinets and Counselors: The President and the Executive Branch" (1997). ''[[Congressional Quarterly]]''. p. 87.</ref> | ||
Secretary of State is a [[Executive Schedule#Level I|Level I position in the Executive Schedule]] and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level ([[US Dollar|US$]]221,400, as of January 2021).<ref name="Salary">{{cite web|url= https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/salary-tables/pdf/2021/EX.pdf|title=Salary Table No. 2021-EX Rates of Basic Pay for the Executive Schedule (EX)}}</ref | Secretary of State is a [[Executive Schedule#Level I|Level I position in the Executive Schedule]] and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level ([[US Dollar|US$]]221,400, as of January 2021).<ref name="UnitedStatesCode|5|5312" /><ref name="Salary">{{cite web|url= https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/salary-tables/pdf/2021/EX.pdf|title=Salary Table No. 2021-EX Rates of Basic Pay for the Executive Schedule (EX)}}</ref> The current secretary of state is [[Antony Blinken]], who was confirmed on January 26, 2021 by the Senate by a vote of 78–22.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress – 1st Session|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00007|access-date=2021-01-31|website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> | ||
==Duties and responsibilities== | ==Duties and responsibilities== | ||
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*Bemis, Samuel Flagg, ed. (1963) ''The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy'' (19 vols.), scholaryly biographies | *Bemis, Samuel Flagg, ed. (1963) ''The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy'' (19 vols.), scholaryly biographies | ||
*Graebner, Norman A., ed. (1961) ''An Uncertain Tradition: American Secretaries of State in the Twentieth Century'' scholarly essays on John Hay through [[John Foster Dulles]]. | *Graebner, Norman A., ed. (1961) ''An Uncertain Tradition: American Secretaries of State in the Twentieth Century'' scholarly essays on John Hay through [[John Foster Dulles]]. | ||
*Hopkins, Michael F. (2008) "[[President Harry Truman]]'s Secretaries of State: Stettinius, Byrnes, Marshall and Acheson" ''[[Journal of Transatlantic Studies]]'' v.6 n.3 pp. 290–304. | *Hopkins, Michael F. (2008) "[[President Harry Truman]]'s Secretaries of State: Stettinius, Byrnes, Marshall and Acheson" ''[[Journal of Transatlantic Studies]]'' v.6 n.3 pp. 290–304. | ||
*Mihalkanin, Edward, ed. (2004) [https://www.questia.com/read/106788643/american-statesmen-secretaries-of-state-from-john online ''American Statesmen: Secretaries of State from [[John Jay]] to [[Colin Powell]]'' | *Mihalkanin, Edward, ed. (2004) [https://www.questia.com/read/106788643/american-statesmen-secretaries-of-state-from-john online ''American Statesmen: Secretaries of State from [[John Jay]] to [[Colin Powell]]''] short scholarly articles by experts | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||