13,409
edits
m
clean up
No edit summary |
m (clean up) |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| motives = The creation of a [[Sikh]] [[independent state]] of [[Khalistan]] in [[Punjab]], as well as some districts of neighboring states of India. | | motives = The creation of a [[Sikh]] [[independent state]] of [[Khalistan]] in [[Punjab]], as well as some districts of neighboring states of India. | ||
| dates = {{Start date and age|1980}} | | dates = {{Start date and age|1980}} | ||
| area = Canada, Germany, Pakistan, United Kingdom, India<ref name=" | | area = Canada, Germany, Pakistan, United Kingdom, India<ref name="PublicSecurityCanadaCurrentlyListedEntities2"/> | ||
| headquarters = | | headquarters = | ||
| ideology = Sikh Nationalism, Punjab Separatism | | ideology = Sikh Nationalism, Punjab Separatism | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
|designated_as_terror_group_by= United States, Canada, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan and India. | |designated_as_terror_group_by= United States, Canada, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan and India. | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Babbar Khalsa International''' better known as '''Babbar Khalsa''', is a [[Sikh]] militant organisation whose main objective is to create an independent Sikh country [[Khalistan]]. Its supporters see it as a [[resistance movement]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mahmood|first1=Cynthia Keppley|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QufTc6fAocC&q=freedom&pg=PA45|title=Fighting for faith and nation ... – Google Books|date=November 1996|isbn=978-0-8122-1592-2|access-date=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8uYOAQAAIAAJ&q=Babbar+Khalsa+freedom|title=India today – Google Books|date=2009-04-24|access-date=2009-08-09}}</ref> It operates in Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and some parts of India.<ref>{{ | '''Babbar Khalsa International''' better known as '''Babbar Khalsa''', is a [[Sikh]] militant organisation whose main objective is to create an independent Sikh country [[Khalistan]]. Its supporters see it as a [[resistance movement]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mahmood|first1=Cynthia Keppley|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QufTc6fAocC&q=freedom&pg=PA45|title=Fighting for faith and nation ... – Google Books|date=November 1996|isbn=978-0-8122-1592-2|access-date=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8uYOAQAAIAAJ&q=Babbar+Khalsa+freedom|title=India today – Google Books|date=2009-04-24|access-date=2009-08-09}}</ref> It operates in Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and some parts of India.<ref name="PublicSecurityCanadaCurrentlyListedEntities2">{{cite web|title=Currently listed entities|url=http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702154136/http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx|archive-date=July 2, 2014|access-date=20 September 2013|publisher=Public Safety Canada|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Operation Bluestar|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20111114-isi-khalistan-punjab-militancy-babbar-khalsa-international-operation-bluestar-749584-2011-11-05|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522041351/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20111114-isi-khalistan-punjab-militancy-babbar-khalsa-international-operation-bluestar-749584-2011-11-05|archive-date=May 22, 2018|access-date=May 21, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="FirstPost_Base2">{{cite news|date=23 Feb 2018|title=India, Canada resolve to work together against Sikh militant outfits, terrorist groups like JeM, LeT|publisher=FirstPost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-canada-resolve-to-work-together-against-sikh-militant-outfits-terrorist-groups-like-jem-let-4364497.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720022639/https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-canada-resolve-to-work-together-against-sikh-militant-outfits-terrorist-groups-like-jem-let-4364497.html|archive-date=July 20, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="TelegraphHQ2">{{cite news|date=24 October 2007|title=Enter Gurpreet, the Bilal of Ludhiana|publisher=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1071024/asp/nation/story_8467314.asp|url-status=live|access-date=19 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720031214/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1071024/asp/nation/story_8467314.asp|archive-date=July 20, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | ||
The organisation employs armed attacks to accomplish its goal<ref name="nevada_court_sentence" /> and is officially banned and [[List of designated terrorist groups|designated as an international terrorist organisation]] by the United States,<ref name="BkTerrorists1">{{Cite web|title=Terrorism Designations Press, Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism, US States Department, 2004|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123086.htm|access-date=August 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="BkTerrorists2">{{Cite web|title=Individuals and Entities Designated by the State Department Under E.O. 13224, Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism, US States Department, 2004|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/143210.htm|access-date=August 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Canada,<ref name="BkTerrorists4">[Cold Terror: How Canada Nurtures and Exports Terrorism Around the World, Stewart Bell, John Wiley & Sons, 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-470-84056-6}}] | The organisation employs armed attacks to accomplish its goal<ref name="nevada_court_sentence" /> and is officially banned and [[List of designated terrorist groups|designated as an international terrorist organisation]] by the United States,<ref name="BkTerrorists1">{{Cite web|title=Terrorism Designations Press, Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism, US States Department, 2004|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123086.htm|access-date=August 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="BkTerrorists2">{{Cite web|title=Individuals and Entities Designated by the State Department Under E.O. 13224, Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism, US States Department, 2004|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/143210.htm|access-date=August 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Canada,<ref name="PublicSecurityCanadaCurrentlyListedEntities2"/><ref name="BkTerrorists4">[Cold Terror: How Canada Nurtures and Exports Terrorism Around the World, Stewart Bell, John Wiley & Sons, 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-470-84056-6}}]</ref> the United Kingdom,<ref name="auto">{{cite act|number=11|year=2000|article=2|title=[[Terrorism Act 2000]]|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2|articletype=Schedule|accessdate=October 6, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121085241/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2|archivedate=January 21, 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> the European Union,<ref name="EU list of terrorist groups">{{cite web|title=EU list of terrorist groups|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_144/l_14420050608en00540058.pdf|access-date=2009-08-09}}</ref> Japan<ref name="Japan_ban" /> and India.<ref name="MHA_BanList">{{cite web|title=List of Banned Organisations|url=https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503233101/https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations|archive-date=3 May 2018|access-date=3 May 2018|website=Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI|publisher=Government of India}}</ref> | ||
BKI was created in 1978 after [[1978 Sikh–Nirankari clashes|clashes]] with the [[Nirankari]] sect of Sikhs.<ref name="Wright-Neville2010">{{cite book|last=Wright-Neville|first=David|title=Dictionary of Terrorism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1IDEHn5MoUC&pg=PA46|access-date=19 June 2010|year=2010|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-0-7456-4302-1|pages=46–}}</ref> It was active throughout the 1980s in the [[Punjab insurgency]] and gained international notoriety for killing 329 civilians (mostly Canadians) in [[Air India Flight 182]]<ref name="dowd">{{cite news|last=Dowd|first=Allan|date=18 September 2010|title="Canadian convicted of lying in Air India bomb case", Reuters Sept 18, 2010|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE68H1W220100918|url-status=live|access-date=19 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230123151/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE68H1W220100918|archive-date=December 30, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and for the [[1985 Narita International Airport bombing]]. Its influence declined in the 1990s after several of its senior leaders were killed in encounters with Indian police.<ref name="Wright-Neville2010" /> | BKI was created in 1978 after [[1978 Sikh–Nirankari clashes|clashes]] with the [[Nirankari]] sect of Sikhs.<ref name="Wright-Neville2010">{{cite book|last=Wright-Neville|first=David|title=Dictionary of Terrorism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1IDEHn5MoUC&pg=PA46|access-date=19 June 2010|year=2010|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-0-7456-4302-1|pages=46–}}</ref> It was active throughout the 1980s in the [[Punjab insurgency]] and gained international notoriety for killing 329 civilians (mostly Canadians) in [[Air India Flight 182]]<ref name="dowd">{{cite news|last=Dowd|first=Allan|date=18 September 2010|title="Canadian convicted of lying in Air India bomb case", Reuters Sept 18, 2010|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE68H1W220100918|url-status=live|access-date=19 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230123151/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE68H1W220100918|archive-date=December 30, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and for the [[1985 Narita International Airport bombing]]. Its influence declined in the 1990s after several of its senior leaders were killed in encounters with Indian police.<ref name="Wright-Neville2010" /> | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
==Presence== | ==Presence== | ||
BKI militants have their presence outside of India in Pakistan, North America, Europe and Scandinavia.<ref name=" | BKI militants have their presence outside of India in Pakistan, North America, Europe and Scandinavia.<ref name="PublicSecurityCanadaCurrentlyListedEntities2"/> BKI at present is active in the US, Canada, the UK, Belgium, France, Germany, Norway, Switzerland and Pakistan.<ref name="SATP_BKI"/> BKI continues its operations from Pakistan with the support of Pakistan's [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI).<ref name="mackenzieinstitute"/> The group has its headquarters in Lahore, Pakistan.<ref name="TelegraphHQ">{{cite news |title=Enter Gurpreet, the Bilal of Ludhiana |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1071024/asp/nation/story_8467314.asp |access-date=19 July 2018 |publisher=The Telegraph |date=24 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720031214/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1071024/asp/nation/story_8467314.asp |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="FirstPost_Base">{{cite news |title=India, Canada resolve to work together against Sikh militant outfits, terrorist groups like JeM, LeT |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-canada-resolve-to-work-together-against-sikh-militant-outfits-terrorist-groups-like-jem-let-4364497.html |access-date=19 July 2018 |publisher=FirstPost |date=23 Feb 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720022639/https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-canada-resolve-to-work-together-against-sikh-militant-outfits-terrorist-groups-like-jem-let-4364497.html |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> | ||
In 1992, Talwinder Singh Parmar split from the BKI and formed the Babbar Khalsa (Parmar) faction. This happened after serious differences erupted between Parmar and BKI's leadership. The Parmar faction has a presence in the UK, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland.<ref name="SATP_BKI"/> | In 1992, Talwinder Singh Parmar split from the BKI and formed the Babbar Khalsa (Parmar) faction. This happened after serious differences erupted between Parmar and BKI's leadership. The Parmar faction has a presence in the UK, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland.<ref name="SATP_BKI"/> | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
===Banned=== | ===Banned=== | ||
It is officially banned and [[List of designated terrorist groups|designated as an international terrorist organisation]] by several countries. | It is officially banned and [[List of designated terrorist groups|designated as an international terrorist organisation]] by several countries. | ||
*[[Canada]] banned the group in 2003.<ref name=" | *[[Canada]] banned the group in 2003.<ref name="PublicSecurityCanadaCurrentlyListedEntities2"/><ref name=BkTerrorists4/> | ||
*[[European Union]]<ref name="EU list of terrorist groups"/> | *[[European Union]]<ref name="EU list of terrorist groups"/> | ||
*[[India]].<ref name="MHA_BanList"/> | *[[India]].<ref name="MHA_BanList"/> | ||