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| {{short description|About mythology of kangleipak which is sometimes intertwined with historical facts}}
| | #Redirect[[Meitei mythology]] |
| [[File:Flag of Manipur.svg|thumb|right|The Ancient Flag of [[Kangleipak]], depicting Dragon Lord [[Pakhangba]]]]
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| [[File: Uttra sanglen.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kangla Sha]], the dragons at [[Kangla Fort]], [[Manipur]], [[India]]]]
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| '''Meitei mythology''', also known as '''Kanglei mythology''' or '''Manipuri mythology''', are the body of narrative [[myths]], originally told by the [[Meitei people]] and a genre of Ancient [[Meetei folklore]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_HmwAAAAIAAJ&q=meitei+myth|title=Eastern Himalayas: A Study on Anthropology and Tribalism|first=Madhab Chandra|last=Goswami|date=Mar 1, 1980|publisher=Cosmo|isbn=9780896842625|accessdate=Mar 1, 2021|via=Google Books}}</ref> Kanglei mythology forms one of the main characteristics of the [[art and culture of Manipur]] including [[Meitei literature]].<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AoECgkZ0Wu0C&q=meitei+mythology|title=Oral tradition and folk heritage of North East India|first=Lalit Kumar|last=Barua|date=Jan 1, 1999|publisher=Spectrum Publications|isbn=9788187502029|accessdate=Mar 1, 2021|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U_9kAAAAMAAJ&q=meitei+mythology|title=Damaru, Festival of Traditional Theatre & Theatre Crafts of Eastern India|date=Mar 1, 1989|publisher=Council and the Centre|accessdate=Mar 1, 2021|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1cOAAAAIAAJ&q=Manipuri+myths|title=Journal of the Asiatic Society|date=Mar 1, 1950|publisher=Asiatic Society.|accessdate=Mar 1, 2021|via=Google Books}}</ref>
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| {{Mythology}}
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| == Source texts ==
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| {{Main|PuYa}}
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| [[File:PuYa_1.jpg|thumb|right|[[PuYa|A Meitei manuscript]] on account of the mythological origin of the human beings]]
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| There are sources from both the manuscript as well as oral folklore in ancient kingdom of [[Kangleipak]] (present day [[Manipur]]). The so-called manuscripts are known as [[Puya (Meitei texts)]], which are the original accounts on the religious themes as well as historical events of the [[Meitei literature]]. [[Wakoklon Heelel Thilen Salai Amailon Pukok Puya]], [[Sanamahi Laihui]] and [[Numit Kappa]] the most prestigious [[Puya (Meitei texts)]] in the Kanglei Meitei mythology.
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| == Deities ==
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| {{Main|Lists of deities in Sanamahism|Sanamahi creation myth}}
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| The Kanglei Meitei deities, are always associated with the [[Meitei religion]], which has been in existence since ancient times in the [[Kangleipak|Kanglei World]]. The traditional culture and folklore is inherited by the [[Meitei people]] from their primitive ancestors till present.
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| [[File:The Symbol of Sanamahi.svg|thumb|right|The symbol of [[Sanamahism]]]]
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| The primary deities in the mythology are:
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| * [[Atingkok Maru Sidaba|Atiya Guru Sidaba]]: He is the [[Creator God]] of the entire universe, and the sole breeder of all the living beings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#mapu|title=The Manipuri Lais|website=manipuri.itgo.com|accessdate=Mar 1, 2021}}</ref>
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| * [[Lainingthou Sanamahi|Sanamahi]]: He is the Guardian God of the mankind and the household. He created the human beings in the figure of the Almighty.<ref>http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#sanamahi</ref>
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| * [[Pakhangba]]: He is the [[destroyer]] and the ruler of the universe. He can assume both human as well as serpentine figure.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#pakhangba|title=The Manipuri Lais|website=manipuri.itgo.com|accessdate=Mar 1, 2021}}</ref>
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| * [[Leimarel Sidabi]]: She is the supreme mother earth goddess and the consort of the creator God.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#leimaren|title=The Manipuri Lais|website=manipuri.itgo.com|accessdate=Mar 1, 2021}}</ref>
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| * [[Emoinu]]: She is the goddess of wealth and prosperity. Legend says she's an exact copy of Leimarel, who takes another divine form.
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| In addition to these, the mythology also accounts for the vast numbers of deities as well as mythical creatures. The [[Lists of Creatures in Meitei Folklore|Kanglei Meitei mythical creatures]] are found in the vast narratives of both the [[PuYa]]s as well as [[Meetei folklore]].
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| == Creation myths ==
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| {{See|Sanamahi creation myth}}
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| According to the '''Meitei Manipuri mythology,''' it is Lord [[Pakhangba]], the Great Dragon Lord, who gave birth to the seven clans of the [[Kangleipak|Kanglei realm]].<ref name="auto1"/> The seven clans are
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| !Clan names
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| !Romanization
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| |-
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| |ꯃꯉꯥꯡ
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| |[[Mangang]]
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| |-
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| |ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡ
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| |[[Luwang]]
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| |-
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| |ꯈꯨꯃꯟ
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| |[[Khuman(Salai)|Khuman]]
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| |-
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| |ꯑꯉꯣꯝ
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| |[[Angom]]
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| |-
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| |ꯃꯣꯢꯂꯥꯡ
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| |[[Moilang]]
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| |-
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| |ꯈꯥ ꯉꯥꯟꯄ
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| |[[Kha Nganpa]]
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| |-
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| |ꯁꯂꯥꯢ ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ
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| |[[Salai Leishangthem]]
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| |}
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| ==Moirang Incarnations==
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| The legendary [[Epic poetry|epic]] tales of the seven incarnations of Lord [[Lainingthou Nongpok Ningthou|Nongpok Ningthou]] and his consort Goddess [[Panthoibi]], in the ancient kingdom of [[Moirang]], are the main features of the Kanglei Meitei mythology, with [[Khamba Thoibi]] incarnation, being the last and most significant one. The very incarnations of the Lord and the Lady respectively are as follows:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| !Male characters
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| !Romanization
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| !Female characters
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| !Romanization
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| |-
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| |ꯑꯀꯣꯡꯆꯥꯝꯄ
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| |[[Phouoibi Shayon|Akongjamba]]
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| |ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ
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| |[[Phouoibi Shayon|Phouoibi Lairembi]]
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| |-
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| |ꯍꯦꯟꯖꯨꯅꯍꯥ
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| |[[Henjunaha-Lairoulembi|Henjunaha]]
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| |ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯧꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ
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| |[[Henjunaha-Lairoulembi|Lairoulembi]]
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| |-
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| |ꯈꯨꯌꯣꯜ ꯍꯥꯎꯕ
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| | Khuyol Haoba
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| |ꯌꯥꯢꯊꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯅꯨ
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| | Yaithing Konu
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| |-
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| |ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯍꯟꯕ
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| |Thangjahanba
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| |ꯇꯣꯅꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯖꯤꯡꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ
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| |Tonu Laijinglembi
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| |-
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| |ꯈꯨꯕꯣꯝꯕ
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| | Khubomba
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| |ꯄꯤꯗꯣꯅꯨ
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| | Pidonu
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| |-
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| |ꯋꯥꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯡꯇꯤꯡꯍꯩꯕ
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| | Wanglei Pudingheiba
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| |ꯁꯥꯠꯄ ꯆꯅꯨ ꯁꯤꯜꯍꯩꯕꯤ
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| | Satpa Chanu Silheibi
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| |-
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| |ꯈꯝꯕ
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| |[[Khamba Thoibi|Khamba]]
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| |ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ
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| |[[Khamba Thoibi|Thoibi]]
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| |}
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| ==Characters==
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| Here is a list of [[character (arts)|characters]] associated with the Kanglei Meitei mythology in alphabetical order:
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| ===A===
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| * [[Atingaa Koilou Sitapa]]
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| ===C===
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| * [[Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba]]
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| ===D===
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| * [[Dragons in Meitei mythology]]
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| ===E===
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| * [[Irai Leima|Ereima]]
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| ===H===
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| * [[Irai Leima|Hiyangthang Lairembi]]
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| ===I===
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| * [[Imoinu Ahongbi]]
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| * [[Eputhou Thangjing|Ipudhou Thangjing]]
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| * [[Irai Leima]]
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| ===K===
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| * [[Kangla Sha]]
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| * [[Keibu Keioiba]]
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| * [[Lainingthou Koubru|Koubru]]
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| * [[Kounu]]
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| ===L===
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| * [[Lai Khutshangbi]]
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| * [[Lainingthou Sanamahi]]
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| * [[Leimarel Sidabi]]
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| ===M===
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| * [[Ibudhou Marjing|Marjing]]
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| * [[Meitei deities]]
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| ===P===
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| * [[Pakhangba]]
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| * [[Panthoibi]]
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| * [[Poubi Lai]]
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| ===N===
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| * [[Lainingthou Nongpok Ningthou|Nongpok Ningthou]]
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| * [[Nongshaba]]
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| * [[Nongthang Leima]]
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| ===S===
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| * [[Salailen Sidaba]]
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| ===T===
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| * [[Thongalel]]
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| ===U===
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| * [[Uchek Langmeidong]]
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| * [[Umang Lai]]
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| ===W===
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| * [[Wangbren]]
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Meitei deities]]
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| * [[Dragons in Meitei mythology]]
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| * [[:Category:Gods and Goddesses of Kanglei mythology]]
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * https://www.lapolo.in/blog/manipuri-mythology-polo/
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| * http://www.apamnapat.com/entities/Chitrangada.html
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| * https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2317260
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| * https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=123469
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| * https://www.thevetterindia.com/101103/lai-haraoba-help-manipur-become-sports-superpower/amp/
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| * http://cstm.cnki.net/stmt/TitleBrowse/KnowledgeNet/CDYA201110005030?db=STMI8515
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| [[Category:Sanamahism]]
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| [[Category:Gods and goddesses of Kanglei mythology]]
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| [[Category:Manipur]]
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