→Jain tradition
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| cultures = [[Gupta Empire]] | | cultures = [[Ochre Coloured Pottery culture]], [[Black and red ware]], [[Painted Grey Ware culture]], [[Gupta Empire]] | ||
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[[File:Goddess Ganga. Delhi National Museum ni01-11.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Gupta art|Gupta]] [[terracotta]] of the personified [[Ganges]], 5th-6th century CE, [[National Museum, New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harle |first1=James C. |title=The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-06217-5 |page=117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcBVvdqyBkC&pg=PA117 |language=en}}</ref>]] | [[File:Goddess Ganga. Delhi National Museum ni01-11.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Gupta art|Gupta]] [[terracotta]] of the personified [[Ganges]], 5th-6th century CE, [[National Museum, New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harle |first1=James C. |title=The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-06217-5 |page=117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwcBVvdqyBkC&pg=PA117 |language=en}}</ref>]] | ||
'''Ahichchhatra''' (or '''Ahichatra''', ''Ahi-Kshetra''), near the modern [[Ramnagar, Bareilly|Ramnagar]] village in [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh|Aonla tehsil]], [[Bareilly district]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India, was the ancient [[Capital (political)|capital]] of Northern [[Panchala]], a northern Indian kingdom mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]].<ref name=Malik>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Dr Malti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMg-DAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA12 |title=History of India |date=2016 |publisher=New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-7335-498-4 | | '''Ahichchhatra''' (or '''Ahichatra''', ''Ahi-Kshetra''), near the modern [[Ramnagar, Bareilly|Ramnagar]] village in [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh|Aonla tehsil]], [[Bareilly district]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India, was the ancient [[Capital (political)|capital]] of Northern [[Panchala]], a northern Indian kingdom mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]].<ref name=Malik>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Dr Malti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMg-DAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA12 |title=History of India |date=2016 |publisher=New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-7335-498-4 |pages=51–54 |language=en}}</ref> [[Kampilya]] was the capital of the southern Panchala. | ||
Most of the city was half a mile north-east of the modern village, with a large mound, popularly called the fort, two miles west of this. Several significant finds of sculpture, in both stone and (especially) [[terracotta]] of the early centuries CE, have been made at the site and are now in various museums. Excavations have uncovered nine strata, the lowest from before the 3rd century BCE and the latest from the 11th century CE.<ref>Kala, p. xv</ref> | Most of the city was half a mile north-east of the modern village, with a large mound, popularly called the fort, two miles west of this. Several significant finds of sculpture, in both stone and (especially) [[terracotta]] of the early centuries CE, have been made at the site and are now in various museums. Excavations have uncovered nine strata, the lowest from before the 3rd century BCE and the latest from the 11th century CE.<ref>Kala, p. xv</ref> | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
Its history reaches back to late [[Vedic]] times, at which time it was capital of the Panchala kingdom. The name is written '''Ahikshetras''' as well as '''Ahi-chhatra''', but the local legend of Adi Raja and the Naga, who formed a canopy over his head, when asleep, shows that the later is the correct form. The fort is said to have been built by Adi Raja | Its history reaches back to late [[Vedic]] times, at which time it was capital of the Panchala kingdom. The name is written '''Ahikshetras''' as well as '''Ahi-chhatra''', but the local legend of Adi Raja and the Naga, who formed a canopy over his head, when asleep, shows that the later is the correct form. The fort is said to have been built by Adi Raja, whose future elevation sovereignty was foretold by [[Drona]], when he found him sleeping under the guardianship of a serpent with expended hood. The fort is also called '''Adikot'''.{{sfn|Subodh Kapoor|2002|pp=17-19}} | ||
[[File:Panchalas of Adhichhatra.jpg|thumb|Coin of the Panchalas of Ahichhatra (75-50 BCE)<br>'''Obv''' [[Indra]] seated facing on pedestal, holding bifurcated object.<br>'''Rev'''. ''Idramitrasa'' in [[Brahmi]], Panchala symbols.]] | |||
[[File:I38 12karshapana Panchala MACW4540 1ar (8486500958).jpg|thumb|A bronze currency of ½ [[karshapana]] of King Indramitra (ca 75-50 BC?) Of Ahichatra of Panchala. '''Obv:''' A inside a rectangle, a line of 3 symbols, under the name of the king. '''Rev:''' Indra standing on a pedestal without pillars. '''Dimensions:''' 15 mm. '''Weight:''' 4.18 g.]] | |||
[[File:Coin-of-Achyuta.jpg|thumb|Coin of Achyuta, the last Panchala king, showing an 8-spoked wheel and the king's name: Achyu.]] | |||
The last independent ruler of Ahichatra was [[Achyuta of Panchala|Achyuta Naga]], who was defeated by [[Samudragupta]], after which Panchala was annexed into the [[Gupta Empire]].<ref>Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p.473</ref> The coins of Achyuta found from Ahichatra have a wheel of eight spokes on the reverse and the legend ''Achyu'' on the obverse.<ref>Lahiri, B. (1974). ''Indigenous States of Northern India (Circa 200 B.C. to 320 A.D.) '', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p.182</ref> | |||
== Archaeology == | == Archaeology == | ||
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== Jain tradition == | == Jain tradition == | ||
Ahikshetra is an important religious place for the followers of [[Jainism]] in India. Jain literatures cites this as a place where [[Parshvanatha]] attained [[Kevala Jnana]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jainteerth.com/uttar-pradesh-u-p-jain-teerth/shri-ahichchhatra-parshvanath-atishaya-kshetra-ramnagar/|title=Shri Ahichchhatra Parshvanath Atishaya Kshetra, Ramnagar {{!}} JainTeerth.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-22}}</ref> | Ahikshetra is an important religious place for the followers of [[Jainism]] in India.{{dubious|date=June 2021}} Jain literatures cites this as a place where [[Parshvanatha]] attained [[Kevala Jnana]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jainteerth.com/uttar-pradesh-u-p-jain-teerth/shri-ahichchhatra-parshvanath-atishaya-kshetra-ramnagar/|title=Shri Ahichchhatra Parshvanath Atishaya Kshetra, Ramnagar {{!}} JainTeerth.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-22}}</ref> | ||
==Means of approach== | ==Means of approach== | ||
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==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{ | {{commons category}} | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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[[Category:Places in the Mahabharata]] | [[Category:Places in the Mahabharata]] | ||
[[Category:Former populated places in India]] | [[Category:Former populated places in India]] | ||
[[Category:Jainism]] | [[Category:History of Jainism]] | ||
[[Category:Jain temples and tirthas]] | [[Category:Jain temples and tirthas]] | ||
[[Category:Indo-Aryan archaeological sites]] | [[Category:Indo-Aryan archaeological sites]] | ||