Oantree: small fix lead based on references additionally and cleaned formatting

2026-03-29T05:51:18Z

small fix lead based on references additionally and cleaned formatting

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-13T19:37:49Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:07, 14 August 2023
Line 423:		Line 423:

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Pakistan\|Socialism}}~~
	* [[Ghinwa Bhutto]]		* [[Ghinwa Bhutto]]
	* [[Jumo Faqir]]		* [[Jumo Faqir]]

Delinker: Bot: Delinking broken file(s) using script (info)

2023-07-31T12:43:04Z

Bot: Delinking broken file(s) using script (info)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:13, 31 July 2023
Line 317:		Line 317:

	==== Afghanistan and Central Asia ====		==== Afghanistan and Central Asia ====
	~~[[File:Zulfiqar with Afghan King Zahir Shah.png\|thumb\|Zulfiqar with Afghan King [[Mohammed Zahir Shah\|Zahir Shah]]]]~~
	In 1972, Bhutto initially tried to build friendly ties with Afghanistan but such attempts where rebuffed in 1973.<ref name="books.google.co.uk" /> In 1974, Afghanistan began covert involvement in Pakistan's [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] which became increasingly disturbing for Bhutto's government.<ref name="Pakistan Defence Journal" /> Afghan President [[Mohammed Daoud Khan\|Dawood Khan]]'s controversial [[Pashtunistan\|Pashtunisation]] policies resulted in Pakistan with gruesome violence and civil disturbances.<ref name="Pakistan Defence Journal">{{cite web \|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/apr/babar.htm \|title=Remembering our Warriors: Major-General Baber and Bhutto's Operation Cyclone \|last=Amin \|first=Abdul Hameed \|year=2001 \|website=Pakistan Military Consortium and Directorate for the Military History Research (DMHR) \|publisher=Pakistan Defence Journal \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428172353/http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/apr/babar.htm \|archive-date=28 April 2016 \|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> The ''ISI'' quickly pointed out that President Daud was providing safe havens and training camps to anti-Pakistan militants and its intelligence agency had been a main arm of supporting the actions inside Pakistan, including [[Balochistan conflict#Afghanistan\|providing support to Baloch separatists]].<ref name="globalsecurity.org">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/pashtunistan-1973.htm Pashtunistan], GlobalSecurity</ref> Therefore, Bhutto's government decided to retaliate, and Bhutto launched a covert counter-operation in 1974 under the command of Major-General [[Naseerullah Babar]], who was then Director-General of the [[Military Intelligence of Pakistan\|M.I.]] Directorate-General for Western Fronts (DGWI).<ref name="Pakistan Defence Journal" /> According to General Baber, it was an excellent idea and it had hard-hitting impact on Afghanistan.<ref name="Pakistan Defence Journal" /> The aim of this operation was to arm the Islamic fundamentalists and to instigate an attack in different parts of Afghanistan.<ref name="Pakistan Defence Journal" /> In 1974, Bhutto authorised a covert operation in [[Kabul]] and the [[Pakistan Air Force]] and the members of [[Air Intelligence of Pakistan\|AI]] and the [[ISI (Pakistan)\|''ISI'']] successfully extradited [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]], [[Jan Mohammad Khan]], [[Gulbadin Hekmatyar]], and [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]] to [[Peshawar]], amid fear that Rabbani may be assassinated.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.jang.com.pk/jang/sep2011-daily/22-09-2011/col6.htm \|title=Master Rabbani's Mistake \|last=Mir \|first=Hamid \|author-link=Hamid Mir \|date=22 September 2011 \|publisher=jang.com.pk \|language=ur \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922131358/http://jang.com.pk/jang/sep2011-daily/22-09-2011/col6.htm \|archive-date=22 September 2011 \|access-date=22 September 2011 }}</ref> By the end of 1974, Bhutto gave final authorisation of covert operation to train Afghan mujaheddin to take on Daoud Khan's government. This operation was an ultimate success.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.paklinks.com/gs/pakistan-affairs/162348-afghanistan-and-pakistan-relations-the-timeline.html \|title=Time line of Pakistan Afghanistan relations \|date=2 October 2004 \|publisher=Paklinks.com \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909094718/http://www.paklinks.com/gs/pakistan-affairs/162348-afghanistan-and-pakistan-relations-the-timeline.html \|archive-date=9 September 2012 \|access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>		In 1972, Bhutto initially tried to build friendly ties with Afghanistan but such attempts where rebuffed in 1973.<ref name="books.google.co.uk" /> In 1974, Afghanistan began covert involvement in Pakistan's [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] which became increasingly disturbing for Bhutto's government.<ref name="Pakistan Defence Journal" /> Afghan President [[Mohammed Daoud Khan\|Dawood Khan]]'s controversial [[Pashtunistan\|Pashtunisation]] policies resulted in Pakistan with gruesome violence and civil disturbances.<ref name="Pakistan Defence Journal">{{cite web \|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/apr/babar.htm \|title=Remembering our Warriors: Major-General Baber and Bhutto's Operation Cyclone \|last=Amin \|first=Abdul Hameed \|year=2001 \|website=Pakistan Military Consortium and Directorate for the Military History Research (DMHR) \|publisher=Pakistan Defence Journal \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428172353/http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/apr/babar.htm \|archive-date=28 April 2016 \|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> The ''ISI'' quickly pointed out that President Daud was providing safe havens and training camps to anti-Pakistan militants and its intelligence agency had been a main arm of supporting the actions inside Pakistan, including [[Balochistan conflict#Afghanistan\|providing support to Baloch separatists]].<ref name="globalsecurity.org">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/pashtunistan-1973.htm Pashtunistan], GlobalSecurity</ref> Therefore, Bhutto's government decided to retaliate, and Bhutto launched a covert counter-operation in 1974 under the command of Major-General [[Naseerullah Babar]], who was then Director-General of the [[Military Intelligence of Pakistan\|M.I.]] Directorate-General for Western Fronts (DGWI).<ref name="Pakistan Defence Journal" /> According to General Baber, it was an excellent idea and it had hard-hitting impact on Afghanistan.<ref name="Pakistan Defence Journal" /> The aim of this operation was to arm the Islamic fundamentalists and to instigate an attack in different parts of Afghanistan.<ref name="Pakistan Defence Journal" /> In 1974, Bhutto authorised a covert operation in [[Kabul]] and the [[Pakistan Air Force]] and the members of [[Air Intelligence of Pakistan\|AI]] and the [[ISI (Pakistan)\|''ISI'']] successfully extradited [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]], [[Jan Mohammad Khan]], [[Gulbadin Hekmatyar]], and [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]] to [[Peshawar]], amid fear that Rabbani may be assassinated.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.jang.com.pk/jang/sep2011-daily/22-09-2011/col6.htm \|title=Master Rabbani's Mistake \|last=Mir \|first=Hamid \|author-link=Hamid Mir \|date=22 September 2011 \|publisher=jang.com.pk \|language=ur \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922131358/http://jang.com.pk/jang/sep2011-daily/22-09-2011/col6.htm \|archive-date=22 September 2011 \|access-date=22 September 2011 }}</ref> By the end of 1974, Bhutto gave final authorisation of covert operation to train Afghan mujaheddin to take on Daoud Khan's government. This operation was an ultimate success.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.paklinks.com/gs/pakistan-affairs/162348-afghanistan-and-pakistan-relations-the-timeline.html \|title=Time line of Pakistan Afghanistan relations \|date=2 October 2004 \|publisher=Paklinks.com \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909094718/http://www.paklinks.com/gs/pakistan-affairs/162348-afghanistan-and-pakistan-relations-the-timeline.html \|archive-date=9 September 2012 \|access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>

Line 388:		Line 388:

	== Legacy ==		== Legacy ==
	~~[[File:Foundation Stone Gomal University ZABhutto.jpg\|thumb\|left\|The [[Cornerstone\|foundation stone]] is built by the [[Gomal University]] in the honour of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan.]]~~

	Bhutto remains a controversial and widely discussed figure in [[Pakistan]]. While he was hailed for his nationalism, Bhutto was roundly criticized for intimidating his political opponents. By the time Bhutto was given the control of his country in 1971, [[Pakistan]] was in a state of disrepair and demoralization after a [[Bangladesh Liberation War\|bloody civil war]].<ref name="Dr. Anwar Syed, and Daily times">{{Cite news \|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\04\12\story_12-4-2011_pg3_2 \|title=Analysis: The legacy of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto \|last=Syed, PhD \|first=Anwar \|date=12 April 2011 \|work=Daily Times}}</ref> His political rivals had blamed his socialist policies for slowing down Pakistan's economic progress, as they caused poor productivity and high costs; however, Bhutto countered that he was merely addressing the massive inequality built up over the Ayub Khan (General) years.<ref name="Professor" />		Bhutto remains a controversial and widely discussed figure in [[Pakistan]]. While he was hailed for his nationalism, Bhutto was roundly criticized for intimidating his political opponents. By the time Bhutto was given the control of his country in 1971, [[Pakistan]] was in a state of disrepair and demoralization after a [[Bangladesh Liberation War\|bloody civil war]].<ref name="Dr. Anwar Syed, and Daily times">{{Cite news \|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\04\12\story_12-4-2011_pg3_2 \|title=Analysis: The legacy of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto \|last=Syed, PhD \|first=Anwar \|date=12 April 2011 \|work=Daily Times}}</ref> His political rivals had blamed his socialist policies for slowing down Pakistan's economic progress, as they caused poor productivity and high costs; however, Bhutto countered that he was merely addressing the massive inequality built up over the Ayub Khan (General) years.<ref name="Professor" />

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-12-23T15:45:44Z

robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:15, 23 December 2022
(No difference)

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-12-23T15:45:44Z

robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

Show changes

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto - Revision history

Oantree: small fix lead based on references additionally and cleaned formatting

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

Delinker: Bot: Delinking broken file(s) using script (info)

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.