->JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Communist Party of China politicians from Jiangxi to :Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jiangxi per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

2021-06-20T08:44:20Z

Moving Category:Communist Party of China politicians from Jiangxi to Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jiangxi per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

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{{family name hatnote|[[Zhang (surname)|Zhang]]|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox politician
|name= Zhang Guohua
|native_name={{nobold|张国华}}
|native_name_lang=zh-hans
|image= File:Zhang Guohua.jpg{{!}}border
|image_size=
|caption= Zhang Guohua in 1955
|office1= [[Communist Party of China|Communist Party Secretary]] of the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]
|term_start1 = 24 January 1950
|term_end1 = February 1952
|predecessor1 = None (Post Created)
|successor1 = [[Zhang Jingwu]]
|term_start2 = 1965
|term_end2 = 1967
|predecessor2 = [[Zhang Jingwu]]
|successor2 = [[Zeng Yongya]]
|office3= [[Governor of Sichuan]]
|term_start3 = 1968
|term_end3 = 1972
|predecessor3 = [[Li Dazhang]]
|successor3 = [[Liu Xingyuan]]
|office4 = Commander of [[Chengdu Military Region]]
|term_start4 = 1952
|term_end4 = 1965
|birth_date= October 1914
|death_date= {{death date and age|1972|2|21|1914|10|14}}
|birth_place= [[Yongxin County]], [[Jiangxi|Jiangxi Province]], [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]]
|death_place= [[Chengdu]]
|party = [[Communist Party of China]]
|alma_mater =
|placeofburial=
|nickname=
|allegiance={{Flag|China|name=People's Republic of China|size=23px}}
|branch=[[File:Ground Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[People's Liberation Army Ground Force]]
|serviceyears= 1931–1972
|rank= [[File:PLA Lieutenant General.svg|12px]] Lieutenant General
|commands= Field commander during [[Sino-Indian War]]
|unit=
|battles= [[Long March]], [[2nd Sino-Japanese war|2nd Sino-Japanese War]], [[Chinese Civil War]], [[Battle of Chamdo|Invasion of Tibet]], [[Sino-Indian War]]
|awards=
|laterwork=
}}

'''Zhang Guohua''' ({{zh|s=张国华|t=張國華|p=Zhāng Guóhuá|w=Chang Kuo-hua}}; October 1914－February 21, 1972) was a Chinese lieutenant general and a politician, serving during the [[Invasion of Tibet (1950–1951)|Invasion of Tibet]] and the [[Sino-Indian War]] and later as a [[Communist Party of China|Communist Party secretary]] for the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]].

==Biography==
Zhang Guohua was born in [[Yongxin County|Yongxin]], [[Jiangxi]] in 1914. He joined the [[Communist Party of China]] in 1931.

==Career==
[[File:Leaders of the Tibet Work Committee visiting the Dalai Lama at Norbulingka Palace, Lhasa, November 1951.jpg|thumb|444x444px|Leaders of the Tibet Work Committee visiting the Dalai Lama at [[Norbulingka]] Palace, [[Lhasa]], November 1951. From left: Jigyab Khembo Ngawang Namgye, Li Jue, Wang Qimei, Zhang Guohua, [[14th Dalai Lama|the 14th Dalai Lama]], [[Zhang Jingwu]], Tan Guansan, Liu Zhengguo, and [[Phuntsok Wangyal|Phünwang]].|left]]

===Tibet campaign===
[[File:Zhang Guohua2.jpg|thumb|Zhang Guohua about 1950]]
As [[commander]] of the Southwest Eighteenth Army Corps of the [[People's Liberation Army]], he led the main attack force in the 1950 [[Qamdo]] campaign against Tibetan forces.<ref name="ahist">{{Cite book|title=A History of Modern Tibet|pages=292–299|author=Goldstein, Melvyn C.|authorlink=Melvyn Goldstein|year=2009|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|volume=Volume II: The Calm Before the Storm: 1951-1955}}</ref> Zhang was chosen for his special knowledge of [[Tibetan culture]]; [[Mao Zedong]] did not want to alienate the Tibetans and gave strict instructions "to do [[united front]] work" by respecting the local religion and customs.<ref name="dawa">{{Cite book|title=China's Tibet policy|first=Dawa|last=Norbu|year=2001|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-7007-0474-3|pages=183, 197}}</ref> In contrast to the leader of the Northwest Army, [[Fan Ming]], he supported the [[Dalai Lama]] and avoided marching into the city after the victory. Zhang seized the position of Secretary of the CPC [[Tibet]] Committee from 1950 to 1952, until [[Mao Zedong]], on learning of his power struggle with Fan, replaced him with [[Zhang Jingwu]] as Secretary. Still, Zhang headed the [[Tibet Work Committee]], which would negotiate the items in the [[Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet]].<ref name="ahist"/> Zhang only made passing reference to the negotiations in his memoirs.<ref name="dawa"/> Zhang would resume his position as secretary from 1965 to 1967.

===Sino-Indian War===
On October 10, 1962 Zhang attended a meeting of military leaders outside [[Beijing]]. There, he endorsed the summary by [[Zhou Enlai]] that because [[India]] chose to occupy [[disputed territory]] with China, instead of peacefully resolving the border demarcation with it like [[Nepal]], [[Burma]], and [[Mongolia]], that "[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] has closed all roads. This leaves us only with war." As the Commander of the [[PLA Military Region|Tibet military region]], Zhang was present for the formal decision to go to war with India in "self-defense" at the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of China|politboro]] meeting of October 18. Mao asked for problems with this plan, and suggested that they were underestimating the [[Indian Armed Forces]], but Zhang reassured him.<ref>{{Cite book|title=New directions in the study of China's foreign policy|author=Johnston, Alastair I.|author2=Ross, Robert S. |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8047-5363-0|pages=121–122, 116}}</ref> Zhang was the [[People's Liberation Army Ground Force]] field commander during the [[Sino-Indian War]].

===Cultural Revolution===
In February 1967, at the beginning of the [[Cultural Revolution]], three divisions of [[Red Guards (China)|Red Guards]] tried to oust Zhang Guohua from the Governorship in [[Lhasa]]. Using armor, he succeeded in repressing them, and negotiated with the [[Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China|central government]] to be moved to [[Sichuan]] to form a [[Revolutionary committee (China)|revolutionary committee]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=China: the revolution is dead, long live the revolution|publisher=Black Rose Books|year=1977|isbn=978-0-919618-37-4|page=112}}</ref> He served as the Governor of [[Sichuan]] from 1968 to 1972.

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box | before = none | title = Secretary of the CPC [[Tibet]] Committee | years = 1950–1952 | after = [[Zhang Jingwu]] }}
{{succession box | before = [[Zhang Jingwu]] | title = Secretary of the CPC [[Tibet]] Committee | years = 1965–1967 | after = [[Zeng Yongya]] }}
{{succession box | before = [[Li Dazhang]] | title = [[Governor of Sichuan]] | years = 1968–1972 | after = [[Liu Xingyuan]] }}
{{succession box | before = [[Liao Zhigao]] | title = Secretary of the [[Communist Party of China|CPC]] [[Sichuan]] Committee | years = 1971–1972 | after = [[Liu Xingyuan]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Sichuan leaders}}
{{Tibet Autonomous Region leaders}}
{{First PLA lieutenant generals}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhang, Guohua}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:People's Liberation Army generals from Jiangxi]]
[[Category:People of the Sino-Indian War]]
[[Category:Politicians from Ji'an]]
[[Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jiangxi]]
[[Category:People's Republic of China politicians from Jiangxi]]
[[Category:Governors of Sichuan]]
[[Category:Political office-holders in Tibet]]
[[Category:People of the Republic of China]]

Zhang Guohua - Revision history

->JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Communist Party of China politicians from Jiangxi to :Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jiangxi per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy