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{{Short description|Indian artist (1937–2020)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Zarina
| image = Photo of Zarina (artist).jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Zarina Rashid<ref name="nytobit" />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1937|7|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Aligarh]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|4|25|1937|7|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[London]], England
| movement =
| awards =
| patrons =
| bgcolour =
| imagesize =
| field =
| training = [[Atelier 17]]
| works =
| influenced by =
| influenced =
| website = {{URL|zarina.work}}
}}

'''Zarina Hashmi''' ({{née|'''Rashid'''}}; 16 July 1937 – 25 April 2020), known professionally as '''Zarina''', was an [[Indian Americans|Indian American]] artist and printmaker based in [[New York City]]. Her work spans drawing, printmaking, and sculpture. Associated with the [[Minimalism|minimalist]] movement, her work utilized abstract and geometric forms in order to evoke a spiritual reaction from the viewer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zarina: Paper Like Skin|date=26 June 2013 |url=http://www.artic.edu/exhibition/zarina-paper-skin|publisher=Art Institute of Chicago|access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref>

==Biography==
Zarina Rashid was born on 16 July 1937<ref name="nytobit">{{cite web|title=Zarina Hashmi, Artist of a World in Search of Home, Dies at 82|last=Cotter|first=Holland|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/05/arts/zarina-hashmi-dead.html|work=The New York Times|date=May 5, 2020|access-date=May 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Great Women Artists |year=2019 |publisher=Phaidon Press |isbn=978-0714878775 |page=443}}</ref> in [[Aligarh]], [[British Raj|India]], to Sheikh Abdur Rashid, faculty at [[Aligarh Muslim University]], and Fahmida Begum, a homemaker. Zarina earned a degree in mathematics, BS (Honours) from the Aligarh Muslim University in 1958. She then studied a variety of printmaking methods in Thailand, and at ''[[Atelier 17]]'' studio in Paris,<ref name="APresenti">{{Cite book|last=Presenti|first=Allegra|title=Zarina Paper Like Skin|publisher=[[Hammer Museum and DelMonico Books]]|year=2012|isbn=978-3-7913-5166-7|location=Hammer Museum, California|pages=182–183}}</ref> apprenticing to [[Stanley William Hayter]],<ref name="Ollman">{{cite web|last=Ollman|first=Leah|title=Zarina Hashmi|url=http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/reviews/zarina-hashmi/|work=Art in America|date=2 February 2013|access-date=14 March 2014}}</ref> and with printmaker [[Tōshi Yoshida]] in Tokyo, Japan.<ref name="Galleryespace">{{cite web|title=Artist Bio: Zarina Hashmi|url=http://galleryespace.com/artists.php?artist=304|work=Gallery Espace|access-date=23 November 2016|archive-date=23 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123132943/http://galleryespace.com/artists.php?artist=304|url-status=dead}}</ref> She lived and worked in New York City.<ref name="Gallery Espace">{{cite web |title=Zarina Hashmi |url=http://www.galleryespace.com/artists/gallery-espace/zarina-hashmi |website=Gallery Espace |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>

During the 1980s, Zarina served as a board member of the [[New York Feminist Art Institute]] and an instructor of papermaking workshops at the affiliated Women's Center for Learning. While on the editorial board of the feminist art journal ''[[Heresies: A Feminist Publication on Art and Politics|Heresies]]'', she contributed to the "Third World Women" issue.<ref name="Heresies Collective">{{cite web |title=Third World Women: The Politics of Being Other |url=http://heresiesfilmproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/heresies8.pdf |website=Heresies Collective |date=1979|access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>

Zarina died in London from complications of [[Alzheimer's disease]] on 25 April 2020.<ref name="nytobit" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/960250/artist-zarina-hashmi-dies-at-83|title=Artist Zarina Hashmi dies at 83 |website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|date=26 April 2020|access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Artist Zarina Hashmi passes away in London |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/artist-zarina-hashmi-passes-away-in-london/story-dz9bIzzZbkJ9vHu5oq0zUJ.html |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=26 April 2020|access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref>

On 16 July 2023, a [[Google Doodle]] inspired by Zarina's works was published to commemorate what would have been her 86th birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zarina Hashmi's 86th Birthday |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/zarina-hashmis-86th-birthday/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=www.google.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Artistry ==
Zarina's art was informed by her identity as a [[Muslims|Muslim]]-born Indian woman, as well as a lifetime spent traveling from place to place.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Wack! Art and the Feminist Revolution|last=Butler|first=Cornelia|publisher=MIT Press|year=2007|pages=320}}</ref> She used visual elements from Islamic religious decoration, especially the regular geometry commonly found in [[Islamic architecture]]. The abstract and spare geometric style of her early works has been compared to that of [[Minimalism|minimalists]] such as [[Sol LeWitt]].<ref name=":0" />

Zarina's work explored the concept of home as a fluid, abstract space that transcends physicality or location. Her work often featured symbols that call to mind such ideas as movement, diaspora, and exile. For example, her woodblock print ''Paper Like Skin'' depicts a thin black line meandering upward across a white background, dividing the page from the bottom right corner to the top left corner. The line possesses a cartographic quality that, in its winding and angular division of the page, suggests a border between two places, or perhaps a [[Topography|topographical]] chart of a journey that is yet unfinished.<ref name="Guggenheim">{{cite web |title=Zarina: Paper Like Skin |url=https://www.guggenheim.org/exhibition/zarina-paper-like-skin |website=Guggenheim |access-date=11 January 2020 |date=25 January 2013}}</ref> For her ''Delhi'' series, she created a woodcut print based on an engraving of the city of [[Old Delhi|Shajahanabad]] as it stood before the siege of [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nambiar |first=Sridevi |date=16 September 2021 |title=Zarina Hashmi and the idea of home |url=https://sarmaya.in/spotlight/zarina-hashmi-and-the-idea-of-home/ |website=[[Sarmaya Trust]]}}</ref>

== Awards and fellowships ==
* 2007: Residency, [[University of Richmond]], Richmond, Virginia
* 2006: Residency, [[Montalvo Arts Center]], Saratoga, California
* 2002: Residency, [[Williams College]], Williamstown, Massachusetts
* 1994: Residency, [[Art Omi|Art-Omi]], Omi, New York
* 1991: Residency, [[Women's Studio Workshop]], Rosendale, New York
* 1990: [[Adolph and Esther Gottlieb Foundation]] grant, [[New York Foundation for the Arts]] Fellowship
* 1989: Grand Prize, International Biennial of Prints, Bhopal, India
* 1985: [[New York Foundation for the Arts]] Fellowship, New York
* 1984: Printmaking Workshop Fellowship, New York
* 1974: Japan Foundation Fellowship, Tokyo
* 1969: President's Award for Printmaking, India<ref name="APresenti"/>

== Solo exhibitions ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Name of exhibition
!Name of gallery
!Place
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019–20
|Zarina, A Life in Nine Lines
|Kiran Nadar Museum of Art
|New Delhi, India<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=Zarina – A Life in Nine Lines |url=https://www.knma.in/zarina-%E2%80%93-life-nine-lines |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Kiran Nadar Museum of Art |language=en |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330151222/https://www.knma.in/zarina-%E2%80%93-life-nine-lines |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|Zarina: Atlas of Her World
|Pulitzer Arts Foundation
|St. Louis, USA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zarina: Atlas of Her World |url=https://pulitzerarts.org/art/zarina-atlas-of-her-world/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Pulitzer Arts Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|Zarina
|Luhring Augustine
|New York, USA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zarina - - Exhibitions - Luhring Augustine |url=https://www.luhringaugustine.com/exhibitions/zarina3/installation-views?view=slider |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=www.luhringaugustine.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Zarina: Weaving Darkness and Silence
|Gallery Espace
|New Delhi, India<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-15 |title=Weaving darkness and silence |url=https://www.galleryespace.com/exhibition-espace/weaving-darkness-and-silence/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Gallery Espace |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2017–18
|Zarina: Dark Roads
|Asian/Pacific/American Institute at New York University
|New York, USA<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-22 |title=Zarina: Dark Roads (October 6, 2017-February 2, 2018) |url=https://apa.nyu.edu/zarina-dark-roads-october-6-2017-february-2-2018/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Asian/Pacific/American Institute {{!}} NYU |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Life Lines
|Gallerie Jeanne Bucher Jaeger
|Paris, France<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life Lines |url=https://jeannebucherjaeger.com/exhibition/life-lines/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Jeanne Bucher Jaeger |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
|Zarina: Descending Darkness
|Luhring Augustine
|New York, USA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zarina - Descending Darkness - Exhibitions - Luhring Augustine |url=https://www.luhringaugustine.com/exhibitions/zarina/press-release |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=www.luhringaugustine.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Zarina: Folding House
|Gallery Espace
|New Delhi, India<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-14 |title=Folding House by Zarina |url=https://www.galleryespace.com/exhibition-espace/folding-house-by-zarina/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Gallery Espace |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012–13
| rowspan="3" |Zarina: Paper like Skin
|Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Culture Centre
|Los Angeles, USA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zarina: Paper Like Skin {{!}} Hammer Museum |url=https://hammer.ucla.edu/exhibitions/2012/zarina-paper-like-skin |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=hammer.ucla.edu |date=29 September 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
|New York, USA<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zarina: Paper Like Skin |url=https://www.guggenheim.org/exhibition/zarina-paper-like-skin |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|The Art Institute of Chicago
|Chicago, USA
|-
| rowspan="3" |2011
|Zarina Hashmi: Noor
|Galerie Jaeger Bucher
|Paris, France<ref>{{Cite web |title=Noor |url=https://jeannebucherjaeger.com/exhibition/noor/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Jeanne Bucher Jaeger |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Zarina Hashmi: Recent Works, Gallery
|Gallery Espace
|New Delhi, India<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-06 |title=Zarina Hashmi-Recent Works |url=https://www.galleryespace.com/exhibition-espace/zarina-hashmi-recent-works/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Gallery Espace |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Zarina Hashmi: Anamnesis, 1970–1989
|The Contemporary Art Gallery
|Mumbai, India
|-
|2009
|The Ten Thousand Things
|Luhring Augustine
|New York, USA
|-
| rowspan="3" |2007
|Directions to My House
|Shanghai Contemporary 07 Art Fair
|Shanghai, China
|-
|Zarina: Paper Houses
|Gallery Espace
|New Delhi, India<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-07 |title=Paper Houses by Zarina Hashmi |url=https://www.galleryespace.com/exhibition-espace/paper-houses-by-zarina-hashmi/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Gallery Espace |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Weaving Memory 1990–2006
|Bodhi Art
|Singapore
|-
|2006
|Zarina: Silent Soliloquy
|Bodhi Art
|Singapore
|-
|2005
|Zarina Counting, 1977-2005
|Bose Pacia
|New York, USA
|-
| rowspan="4" |2004
| rowspan="4" |Cities, Countries and Borders, Prints by Zarina
|Gallery Chemould
|Mumbai, India
|-
|Gallery Espace
|New Delhi, India
|-
|Chawkandi Gallery
|Karachi, Pakistan
|-
|Gallery Rohtas 2
|Lahore, Pakistan
|-
|2003
|Maps, Homes and Itineraries
|Gallery Lux
|San Francisco, USA
|-
|2002
|Home is a Foreign Place
|Korn Gallery, Drew University
|Madison, New Jersey
|-
|2001
|Zarina, Mapping a Life, 1991–2001
|Mills College Art Museum
|Oakland, USA
|-
| rowspan="2" |2000
| rowspan="2" |Home is a Foreign Place, Admit One
|Gallery Espace
|New York, USA
|-
|Chawkandi Gallery
|Karachi, Pakistan
|-
|1994
|Homes I Made
|Faculty Gallery
|University of California, Santa Cruz
|-
|1993
|
|Chawkandi Gallery
|Karachi, Pakistan
|-
|1992
|House with Four Walls
|Bronx Museum of the Arts
|New York, USA
|-
|1990
|Zarina: Recent Work; Bronze, Cast Paper, Etchings
|Roberta English Gallery
|San Francisco, USA
|-
| rowspan="4" |1985
| rowspan="4" |Zarina Hashmi: Paper Works
|Art Heritage
|New Delhi, India
|-
|Chitrakoot Gallery
|Calcutta, India
|-
|Gallery Cymrosa
|Bombay, India
|-
|Chawkandi Gallery
|Karachi, Pakistan
|-
|1983
|
|Satori Gallery
|San Francisco, USA
|-
| rowspan="2" |1981
|Zarina: Cast Paper Works
|Hebert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University
|Ithaca, New York, USA
|-
|Zarina: Recent Cast Paper Works
|Orion Editions
|New York, USA
|-
|1977
|
|Gallery Alana
|Oslo, Norway
|-
|1976
|
|India Ink Gallery
|Los Angeles, USA
|-
| rowspan="2" |1974
|Zarina: Screenprints, Tapestries
|Triveni Kala Sangam
|New Delhi, India
|-
|Serigraphs by Zarina
|India Ink Gallery
|Los Angeles, USA
|-
|1973
|Zarina: Woodprints
|India Ink Gallery
|Los Angeles, USA
|-
| rowspan="2" |1972
|
|Chanakya Gallery
|New Delhi, India
|-
|
|Gallery F-15, Jeløya
|Moss, Norway
|-
| rowspan="2" |1971
|
|Chanakya Gallery
|New Delhi, India
|-
|
|Cultural Centre Ora
|Athens, Greece
|-
|1970
|Graphics by Zarina
|Pundole Art Gallery
|Bombay, India
|-
|1969
|
|Gallery Chanakya
|New Delhi, India
|-
|1968
|
|Kunika-Chemould Art Centre
|New Delhi, India<ref name="APresenti"/>
|}

== Selected exhibitions ==
Zarina was one of four artists/artist-groups to represent India in its first entry at the [[Venice Biennale]] in 2011.<ref name="Biennale">{{cite web|url=http://www.labiennale.org/en/art/archive/54th-exhibition/first-time/india.html|title=Pavilion of India|publisher=La Biennale|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref>

The [[Hammer Museum]] in [[Los Angeles]] organized the first retrospective of her work in 2012.<ref name="Hammer">{{cite web|url=http://hammer.ucla.edu/exhibitions/detail/exhibition_id/211|title=Zarina: Paper Like Skin|publisher=Hammer Museum|access-date=14 March 2014|archive-date=6 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006004923/http://hammer.ucla.edu/exhibitions/detail/exhibition_id/211|url-status=dead}}</ref> Entitled ''Zarina: Paper Like Skin,'' the exhibition traveled to the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] and the [[Art Institute of Chicago]].<ref name="Luhring">{{cite web|url=http://www.luhringaugustine.com/artists/zarina-hashmi|title=Artist Bio: Zarina Hashmi|work=Luhring Augustine|access-date=14 March 2014}}</ref>

In 2016, the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] presented ''Workshop and Legacy: Stanley William Hayter, Krishna Reddy, Zarina Hashmi'' that examined their professional collaboration.

During the 2017–18 academic year, Zarina was the Artist-in-Residence at the Asian/Pacific/American Institute at [[New York University|NYU]].<ref name="nyu">{{cite web |title=Asian/Pacific/American Institute Announces Zarina Hashmi As Artist-in-Residence 2017–18 |url=https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2017/august/asian-pacific-american-institute-announces-zarina-hashmi-as-arti.html |website=New York University |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> The residency culminated in a solo exhibition, ''Zarina: Dark Roads'' (6 October 2017 – 2 February 2018)<ref name="ArtAsiaPacific">{{cite web |title=Zarina Hashmi Dark Roads |url=http://artasiapacific.com/Magazine/WebExclusives/ZarinaHashmiDarkRoads |website=ArtAsiaPacific |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=11 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111185843/http://artasiapacific.com/Magazine/WebExclusives/ZarinaHashmiDarkRoads |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a publication, ''Directions to My House''.<ref name="New York University2">{{cite web |title="Directions to My House"--A Life Story through Words, Photographs, and Art |url=https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2018/october/-directions-to-my-house---a-life-story-through-words--photograph.html |website=New York University |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>

Examples of her work are in the permanent collections of the [[Museum of Modern Art]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zarina {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/artists/6549 |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> the [[Whitney Museum|Whitney Museum of American Art]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zarina |url=https://whitney.org/artists/12820 |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=Whitney Museum of American Art |language=en}}</ref> [[Menil Collection|the Menil Collection]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zarina, Indian, 1937 - 2020 - Untitled - The Menil Collection |url=https://www.menil.org/collection/objects/42889-untitled |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=The Menil Collection |language=en}}</ref> the [[National Gallery of Art]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tylec |first=Laurie |date=15 April 2022 |title=Acquisition: Zarina |url=https://www.nga.gov/press/acquisitions/2022/zarina.html |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=National Gallery of Art}}</ref> and the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]].<ref name="Hammer" /><ref name="Jeanne Bucher Jaeger">{{cite web |title=Zarina |url=https://jeannebucherjaeger.com/artist/hashmi-zarina/ |website=Jeanne Bucher Jaeger |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.zarina.work/ Zarina's website] [https://newsaaptak.com/google-celebrating-zarina-hashmi-birthday-through-doodle/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716083253/https://newsaaptak.com/google-celebrating-zarina-hashmi-birthday-through-doodle/ |date=16 July 2023 }}
* [https://www.luhringaugustine.com/artists/zarina Images of Zarina's work] at Luhring Augustine Gallery, New York
* [http://www.galleryespace.com/artists/gallery-espace/zarina-hashmi/ Gallery Espace, New Delhi, India]
* [https://jeannebucherjaeger.com/artist/hashmi-zarina/ Jeanne Jaeger Bucher, Paris, France]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zarina}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American women artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:21st-century American women artists]]
[[Category:Indian printers]]
[[Category:Indian lithographers]]
[[Category:People from Aligarh]]
[[Category:Indian art critics]]
[[Category:Indian women art critics]]
[[Category:American artists of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American women printmakers]]
[[Category:Artists from New York City]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Muslims from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Muslim artists]]
[[Category:Women artists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women lithographers]]

Zarina (artist) - Revision history

Hildred82A: Put Up A Details First Draft!