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{{Short description|River in Ladakh, India}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Zanskar River
| name_native =
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| image = Zanskar River - 2018.jpg
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| image_caption = Zanskar River
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| map = Indus river.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption = Map of the [[Indus river|Indus River System]] - the Zanskar is a tributary of the Indus
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| pushpin_map = India
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| pushpin_map_caption= Location of mouth
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ladakh]]
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| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33.7719174|76.8453493|type:river|display=inline, title|format=dms}}
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| river_system = [[Indus River]]
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[[File:Indus Zanskar confluence.jpg|thumb|The confluence of the Zanskar River (from top) and the Indus (bottom flowing from left to right) is 3 km southeast of Nimmu village in Ladakh.]]
The '''Zanskar River''' is the first major tributary of the [[Indus River]], equal or greater in volume than the main river,{{sfnp|Cunningham, Ladak|1854|p=88}} which flows entirely with [[Ladakh]], India. It originates northeast of the [[Great Himalaya]]n range and drains both the Himalayas and the [[Zanskar Range]] within the region of [[Zanskar]]. It flows northeast to join the Indus River near [[Nimo, Ladakh|Nimo]].

== Etymology ==
Zanskar (''Zangs-kar'') means "white copper" or brass.{{sfnp|Cunningham, Ladak|1854|p=22}}

== Course ==
In its upper reaches, the Zanskar has two main branches. First of these, the [[Doda River|Doda]], has its source near the [[Pensi-la]] {{convert|4400|m|ft|abbr=on}} mountain-pass and flows south-eastwards along the main Zanskar valley leading towards [[Padum]], the capital of [[Zanskar]]. The second branch is formed by two main tributaries known as Kargyag river, with its source near the [[Shingo La]] {{convert|5091|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and [[Tsarap River|Tsarap]] river, with its source near the Baralacha-La. These two rivers unite below the village of Purne to form the Lungnak river (also known as the Lingti or Tsarap). The Lungnak river then flows north-westwards along a narrow gorge towards Zanskar's central valley (known locally as gzhung khor), where it unites with the Doda river to form the main Zanskar river. This river then takes a north-eastern course through the dramatic [[Zanskar Gorge]] until it joins the [[Indus River|Indus]] near "Nimmu" in [[Ladakh]].<ref>
{{citation |first1=Binita |last1=Phartiyal |first2=Randheer |last2=Singh |first3=Debarati |last3=Nag |chapter=Trans- and Tethyan Himalayan Rivers: In Reference to Ladakh and Lahaul-Spiti, NW Himalaya |editor=Dhruv Sen Singh |title=The Indian Rivers: Scientific and Socio-economic Aspects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ridFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA375 |year=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-10-2984-4 |page=375}}
</ref>

==Tourism==
Lower (northern) sections of that gorge are popular in summer with tourists making rafting trips, typically from Chiling to Nimmu. In winter when the road to Zanskar is closed by snow on the high passes, the only overland route to Padum is by walking along the frozen river, a multi-day hike that is now sold as an adventure activity called the [[Chadar trek|Chadar ('ice sheet') Trek]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.natgeotraveller.in/on-the-mighty-chadar-everything-freezes-but-tears/|title=On the Mighty Chadar, Everything Freezes but Tears|date=1 April 2014|first=Neha|last=Sumitran|work=National Geographic Traveller India|access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref> This trek will eventually be rendered obsolete once the road from Chiling to Padum is completed.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8Edyaya74boC&pg=PA71 [[Lonely Planet]] guide, ''Trekking in the Indian Himalaya'' by Garry Weare, page 71]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Shyok River]]
* [[Suru River (Indus)|Suru River]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |last=Cunningham |first=Alexander |title=Ladak: Physical, Statistical, Historical |publisher=Wm. H. Allen and Co |location=London |year=1854 |url=https://archive.org/details/ladakphysicalsta00cunnrich |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Cunningham, Ladak|1854}}}}
* {{citation |last=Drew |first=Frederic |title=The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories: A Geographical Account |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49165 |year=1875 |publisher=E. Stanford |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Drew, The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories|1875}}}}
* {{citation |last=Strachey |first=Henry |title=Physical Geography of Western Tibet |publisher=William Clows and Sons |location=London |date=1854 |url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeograp00stragoog |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Strachey, Physical Geography of Western Tibet|1854}}}}

==External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1159504#map=8/33.605/77.327&layers=H Zanskar River basin], OpenStreetMap, retrieved 18 December 2020.
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/12037085#map=9/33.7934/77.0810&layers=H Doda River], OpenStreetMap, retrieved 18 December 2020.
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/12037170#map=9/33.5604/77.2083&layers=H Lunknak River], OpenStreetMap, retrieved 18 December 2020.
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/11611817#map=8/33.127/77.562&layers=H Tsarap River], OpenStreetMap, retrieved 18 December 2020.

{{Ladakh}}
{{Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tributaries of the Indus River]]
[[Category:Rivers of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]

Zanskar River - Revision history

imported>G. Moore: add infobox