Zamindars of Bihar - Revision history

Dokania: Restored revision 478543 by Davidmam (talk): Hoax and vandalism

2026-10-07T23:36:52Z

Restored revision 478543 by Davidmam (talk): Hoax and vandalism

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:06, 8 October 2026
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			{{pp\|small=yes}}
	{{short description\|Autonomous chiefs in the Mughal Suba of Bihar}}		{{short description\|Autonomous chiefs in the Mughal Suba of Bihar}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=May 2025}}		{{EngvarB\|date=May 2025}}
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	\| image3 = Koer Singh, watercolour on ivory, c. 1857.png \|caption3= [[Kunwar Singh]] of the [[Jagdishpur estate]]		\| image3 = Koer Singh, watercolour on ivory, c. 1857.png \|caption3= [[Kunwar Singh]] of the [[Jagdishpur estate]]
	\| image4 = Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, 1888.jpg\|caption4=Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]] of [[Raj Darbhanga]] in 1888.		\| image4 = Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, 1888.jpg\|caption4=Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]] of [[Raj Darbhanga]] in 1888.
	~~\| image5 = Babu_Ras_Biharilal_Mandal.jpg\|caption5=[[Rash Bihari Lal Mandal]]~~
	~~\| image6 = Rai_Bahadur_Keshav_Pd.jpg\|caption6=Rai Bahadur Keshav Prasad Mandal~~
	}}		}}
	The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the landed aristocracy that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}

	The majority of these zamindars usually belonged to Hindu communities such as ~~[[Kushwaha]],[[Ahir\|Ahirs]],~~ [[Bhumihar]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha]]s or [[Muslims]].<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Jha \|first1=Hetukar \|title=Lower-Caste Peasants and Upper-Caste Zamindars in Bihar (1921–1925): An Analysis of Sanskritization and Contradiction between the Two Groups \|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review \|date=1 October 1977 \|volume=14 \|issue=4 \|pages=549–559 \|doi=10.1177/001946467701400404 \|s2cid=143558861 \|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001946467701400404?journalCode=iera \|accessdate=28 March 2019\|url-access=subscription }}~~</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=lGNuAAAAMAAJ&q=Militia+Kurmi</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfltAAAAMAAJ&q=ahir+~~</ref>		The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the [[landed aristocracy]] that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}

			The majority of these [[zamindars]] usually belonged to Hindu communities such as [[Bhumihar]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha]]s or [[Muslims]].<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Jha \|first1=Hetukar \|title=Lower-Caste Peasants and Upper-Caste Zamindars in Bihar (1921–1925): An Analysis of Sanskritization and Contradiction between the Two Groups \|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review \|date=1 October 1977 \|volume=14 \|issue=4 \|pages=549–559 \|doi=10.1177/001946467701400404 \|s2cid=143558861 \|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001946467701400404?journalCode=iera \|accessdate=28 March 2019\|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
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	*[[Deo Raj]]		*[[Deo Raj]]
	*[[Hathwa Raj]]		*[[Hathwa Raj]]
	*[[Saran district\|Bhatkeshri Estate]]
	*[[Murho Estate\|Muhro Estate]]
	*[[Tekari Raj]]		*[[Tekari Raj]]
	*[[Bettiah Raj]]		*[[Bettiah Raj]]
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	*[[Dumraon Raj]]		*[[Dumraon Raj]]
	*[[Raj Darbhanga]]		*[[Raj Darbhanga]]
	*[[:simple:Ranipatti_Estate\|Ranipatti Estate]]
	*[[Chero dynasty\|Cheros of Palamu]]		*[[Chero dynasty\|Cheros of Palamu]]
	*[[Gidhaur chieftaincy]]		*[[Gidhaur chieftaincy]]

CleanupBot: Bot: Deleting out-dated template

2026-09-20T15:37:02Z

Bot: Deleting out-dated template

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:07, 20 September 2026
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	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{short description\|Autonomous chiefs in the Mughal Suba of Bihar}}		{{short description\|Autonomous chiefs in the Mughal Suba of Bihar}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=May 2025}}		{{EngvarB\|date=May 2025}}

Dr.Aviraj: Adding a major Zamindari estate of bihar that rule almost lakhs acers

2026-08-28T17:33:27Z

Adding a major Zamindari estate of bihar that rule almost lakhs acers

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:03, 28 August 2026
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	*[[Deo Raj]]		*[[Deo Raj]]
	*[[Hathwa Raj]]		*[[Hathwa Raj]]
			*[[Saran district\|Bhatkeshri Estate]]
	*[[Murho Estate\|Muhro Estate]]		*[[Murho Estate\|Muhro Estate]]
	*[[Tekari Raj]]		*[[Tekari Raj]]

Dr.Aviraj: Adding a major caste that rule in many regions in bihar at time of Zamindari era

2026-08-28T17:30:29Z

Adding a major caste that rule in many regions in bihar at time of Zamindari era

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:00, 28 August 2026
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	The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the landed aristocracy that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}		The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the landed aristocracy that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}

	The majority of these zamindars usually belonged to Hindu communities such as [[Ahir\|Ahirs]], [[Bhumihar]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha]]s or [[Muslims]].<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Jha \|first1=Hetukar \|title=Lower-Caste Peasants and Upper-Caste Zamindars in Bihar (1921–1925): An Analysis of Sanskritization and Contradiction between the Two Groups \|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review \|date=1 October 1977 \|volume=14 \|issue=4 \|pages=549–559 \|doi=10.1177/001946467701400404 \|s2cid=143558861 \|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001946467701400404?journalCode=iera \|accessdate=28 March 2019\|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=lGNuAAAAMAAJ&q=Militia+Kurmi</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfltAAAAMAAJ&q=ahir+</ref>		The majority of these zamindars usually belonged to Hindu communities such as [[Kushwaha]],[[Ahir\|Ahirs]], [[Bhumihar]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha]]s or [[Muslims]].<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Jha \|first1=Hetukar \|title=Lower-Caste Peasants and Upper-Caste Zamindars in Bihar (1921–1925): An Analysis of Sanskritization and Contradiction between the Two Groups \|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review \|date=1 October 1977 \|volume=14 \|issue=4 \|pages=549–559 \|doi=10.1177/001946467701400404 \|s2cid=143558861 \|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001946467701400404?journalCode=iera \|accessdate=28 March 2019\|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=lGNuAAAAMAAJ&q=Militia+Kurmi</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfltAAAAMAAJ&q=ahir+</ref>

	==History==		==History==

Dr. Editor at 06:58, 9 May 2026

2026-05-09T06:58:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:28, 9 May 2026
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	*[[Dumraon Raj]]		*[[Dumraon Raj]]
	*[[Raj Darbhanga]]		*[[Raj Darbhanga]]
			*[[:simple:Ranipatti_Estate\|Ranipatti Estate]]
	*[[Chero dynasty\|Cheros of Palamu]]		*[[Chero dynasty\|Cheros of Palamu]]
	*[[Gidhaur chieftaincy]]		*[[Gidhaur chieftaincy]]

Dr. Editor at 06:54, 9 May 2026

2026-05-09T06:54:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:24, 9 May 2026
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	\| image4 = Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, 1888.jpg\|caption4=Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]] of [[Raj Darbhanga]] in 1888.		\| image4 = Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, 1888.jpg\|caption4=Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]] of [[Raj Darbhanga]] in 1888.
	\| image5 = Babu_Ras_Biharilal_Mandal.jpg\|caption5=[[Rash Bihari Lal Mandal]]		\| image5 = Babu_Ras_Biharilal_Mandal.jpg\|caption5=[[Rash Bihari Lal Mandal]]
			\| image6 = Rai_Bahadur_Keshav_Pd.jpg\|caption6=Rai Bahadur Keshav Prasad Mandal
	}}		}}

	The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the landed aristocracy that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}		The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the landed aristocracy that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}

Dr. Editor at 06:48, 9 May 2026

2026-05-09T06:48:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 9 May 2026
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	*[[Deo Raj]]		*[[Deo Raj]]
	*[[Hathwa Raj]]		*[[Hathwa Raj]]
			*[[Murho Estate\|Muhro Estate]]
	*[[Tekari Raj]]		*[[Tekari Raj]]
	*[[Bettiah Raj]]		*[[Bettiah Raj]]

Dr. Editor at 06:45, 9 May 2026

2026-05-09T06:45:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:15, 9 May 2026
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	The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the landed aristocracy that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}		The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the landed aristocracy that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}

	The majority of these zamindars usually belonged to Hindu communities such as [[Ahir\|Ahirs]], [[Bhumihar]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha]]s or [[Muslims]].<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Jha \|first1=Hetukar \|title=Lower-Caste Peasants and Upper-Caste Zamindars in Bihar (1921–1925): An Analysis of Sanskritization and Contradiction between the Two Groups \|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review \|date=1 October 1977 \|volume=14 \|issue=4 \|pages=549–559 \|doi=10.1177/001946467701400404 \|s2cid=143558861 \|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001946467701400404?journalCode=iera \|accessdate=28 March 2019\|url-access=subscription }}</ref>		The majority of these zamindars usually belonged to Hindu communities such as [[Ahir\|Ahirs]], [[Bhumihar]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha]]s or [[Muslims]].<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Jha \|first1=Hetukar \|title=Lower-Caste Peasants and Upper-Caste Zamindars in Bihar (1921–1925): An Analysis of Sanskritization and Contradiction between the Two Groups \|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review \|date=1 October 1977 \|volume=14 \|issue=4 \|pages=549–559 \|doi=10.1177/001946467701400404 \|s2cid=143558861 \|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001946467701400404?journalCode=iera \|accessdate=28 March 2019\|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=lGNuAAAAMAAJ&q=Militia+Kurmi</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfltAAAAMAAJ&q=ahir+</ref>

	==History==		==History==

Dr. Editor at 06:39, 9 May 2026

2026-05-09T06:39:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:09, 9 May 2026
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	}}		}}

	The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the [[landed aristocracy]] that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}		The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the landed aristocracy that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}

	The majority of these [[zamindars]] usually belonged to Hindu communities such as [[Bhumihar]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha]]s or [[Muslims]].<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Jha \|first1=Hetukar \|title=Lower-Caste Peasants and Upper-Caste Zamindars in Bihar (1921–1925): An Analysis of Sanskritization and Contradiction between the Two Groups \|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review \|date=1 October 1977 \|volume=14 \|issue=4 \|pages=549–559 \|doi=10.1177/001946467701400404 \|s2cid=143558861 \|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001946467701400404?journalCode=iera \|accessdate=28 March 2019\|url-access=subscription }}</ref>		The majority of these zamindars usually belonged to Hindu communities such as [[Ahir\|Ahirs]], [[Bhumihar]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha]]s or [[Muslims]].<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Jha \|first1=Hetukar \|title=Lower-Caste Peasants and Upper-Caste Zamindars in Bihar (1921–1925): An Analysis of Sanskritization and Contradiction between the Two Groups \|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review \|date=1 October 1977 \|volume=14 \|issue=4 \|pages=549–559 \|doi=10.1177/001946467701400404 \|s2cid=143558861 \|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001946467701400404?journalCode=iera \|accessdate=28 March 2019\|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

	==History==		==History==

Dr. Editor at 06:36, 9 May 2026

2026-05-09T06:36:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:06, 9 May 2026
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	\| image3 = Koer Singh, watercolour on ivory, c. 1857.png \|caption3= [[Kunwar Singh]] of the [[Jagdishpur estate]]		\| image3 = Koer Singh, watercolour on ivory, c. 1857.png \|caption3= [[Kunwar Singh]] of the [[Jagdishpur estate]]
	\| image4 = Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, 1888.jpg\|caption4=Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]] of [[Raj Darbhanga]] in 1888.		\| image4 = Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, 1888.jpg\|caption4=Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]] of [[Raj Darbhanga]] in 1888.
			\| image5 = Babu_Ras_Biharilal_Mandal.jpg\|caption5=[[Rash Bihari Lal Mandal]]
	}}		}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:07, 20 September 2026
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	{{short description\|Autonomous chiefs in the Mughal Suba of Bihar}}		{{short description\|Autonomous chiefs in the Mughal Suba of Bihar}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=May 2025}}		{{EngvarB\|date=May 2025}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:24, 9 May 2026
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	\| image4 = Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, 1888.jpg\|caption4=Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]] of [[Raj Darbhanga]] in 1888.		\| image4 = Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, 1888.jpg\|caption4=Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]] of [[Raj Darbhanga]] in 1888.
	\| image5 = Babu_Ras_Biharilal_Mandal.jpg\|caption5=[[Rash Bihari Lal Mandal]]		\| image5 = Babu_Ras_Biharilal_Mandal.jpg\|caption5=[[Rash Bihari Lal Mandal]]
			\| image6 = Rai_Bahadur_Keshav_Pd.jpg\|caption6=Rai Bahadur Keshav Prasad Mandal
	}}		}}

	The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the landed aristocracy that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}		The '''Zamindars of Bihar''' were the autonomous rulers and administrators of the [[Bihar Subah]] during [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal rule]] and later during [[British Raj\|British rule]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=McLane \|first=John R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6ijJnUPmcC&q=zamindari+system \|title=Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal \|date=25 July 2002 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-52654-8 \|language=en}}</ref> They formed the landed aristocracy that lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zamindar {{!}} Definition, System, & Mughal Empire {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/zamindar \|access-date=9 July 2024 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> The zamindars of Bihar were numerous and could be divided into small, medium and large depending on how much land they controlled.<ref name="Singh2012">{{cite book\|author=Lata Singh\|title=Popular Translations of Nationalism: Bihar, 1920–1922\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8jCrDbHtIMC&pg=PA5\|year=2012\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-93-80607-13-9\|pages=5–7}}</ref> Within Bihar, the zamindars had both economic and military power. Each zamindari would have its own standing army which was typically composed of the zamindar's own clansmen.{{sfn\|Ansari\|2019\|p=2}}