Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-09-28T19:36:19Z

Created a new article

New page

{{Short description|Eldest daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Zainab bint Muhammad
| native_name = {{lang|ar|زَيْنَب بِنْت مُحَمَّد}}
| birth_name = Zainab bint Muhammad
| birth_date = 598-599 (24 [[Hijri year|BH]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icfbayarea.com/YCNotes/Lessons_From_The_Lives_Of_Sahabiyat/Lesson_6_Zaynab.pdf|last=Islamic Center of Fremont|title=Zaynab bint Muhammad|access-date=22 February 2020|archive-date=5 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105054257/http://www.icfbayarea.com/YCNotes/Lessons_From_The_Lives_Of_Sahabiyat/Lesson_6_Zaynab.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://islamhashtag.com/zainab-bint-Muhammad|last=Fahtima|first=Aafiya|title=The love story of Zainab bint Muhammad and Abu El'Ass ibn Rabee'|date=9 September 2016|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224181841/https://islamhashtag.com/zainab-bint-muhammad/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula]]
| death_date = May/June 629 (aged 30) (AH 7)
| death_place = [[Medina]], Hejaz
| resting_place = {{longitem|[[Jannat al-Baqi]], Medina, Hejaz, Arabia<br/>(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}}
| spouse = [[Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi']]
| children = {{bulleted list|[[Ali ibn Zainab|Ali]]|[[Umamah bint Zainab|Umamah]]}}
| mother = [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]]
| father = [[Muhammad]]
| relatives = {{Collapsible list|state=collapsed|[[Qasim ibn Muhammad|Qasim]] (full-brother)|[[Ruqayyah bint Muhammad|Ruqayyah]] (full sister)|[[Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad|Umm Kulthum]] (full sister)|[[Abd Allah ibn Muhammad|Abd Allah]] (full brother)|[[Fatimah bint Muhammad|Fatimah]] (full-sister)|[[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad|Ibrahim]] (half-brother)|[[Ali]] (brother-in-law & son-in-law)|[[Uthman]] (brother-in-law)|[[Hilal ibn Ali]] (grandson)}}
| family = [[Ahl al-Bayt|House of Muhammad]]
}}

'''Zainab bint Muhammad''' ({{lang-ar|زَيْنَب بِنْت مُحَمَّد}}){{lrm}} (598/599–629 [[Common Era|CE]]) was the eldest daughter of the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] by his first wife [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadijah]].

==Marriage==
She married her maternal cousin, [[Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi']], before December 610,<ref name="Ishaq">{{cite book |last=Ibn Ishaq |first=Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم|url=https://archive.org/stream/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume/The_Life_Of_Mohammed_Guillaume#page/n67/mode/1up |title=Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah – The Life of Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1955 |isbn=978-0-1963-6033-1 |location=[[Oxford]] |pages=88–589 |translator-last=Guillaume |translator-first=Alfred |author-link=Ibn Ishaq |translator-link=Alfred Guillaume}}</ref>{{rp|313–314}}<ref name="Saad8">{{cite book |last=Al-Basri Al-Hashimi |first=Muhammad ibn Sa'd |title=Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir (The Women of Madina) |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |year=1995 |volume=8 |location=[[London]] |language=ar |translator-last=Bewley |translator-first=Aisha |author-link=Ibn Sa'd}}</ref>{{rp|21}}<ref name="Tabari39">{{cite book |last=Al-Tabari |first=Muhammad ibn Jarir |title=The history of al-Tabari: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |year=1998 |volume=39 |location=[[Albany, New York|Albany]] |language=ar |translator-last=Landau-Tasseron |translator-first=Ella |author-link=Al-Tabari}}</ref>{{rp|162}} and Khadija gave her a wedding present of an onyx necklace.<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|22}} They had two children, son Ali, who died in childhood, and daughter [[Umamah bint Zainab|Umamah]], who would bear children, including [[Hilal ibn Ali|Hilal or Muhammad al-Awsat]].<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|21}}<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|162}}<ref name="Helal">{{cite web |website=www.helal.ir |url=http://www.helal.ir/helal/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=69 |title=Mohammad Hilal Ibn Ali |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720172849/http://www.helal.ir/helal/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=69 |archive-date=2011-07-20}}</ref> Zainab became a [[Muslim]] soon after Muhammad first declared himself a prophet. The [[Quraysh]] pressured Abu al-As to divorce Zainab, saying they would give him any woman he liked in exchange, but Abu al-As said that he did not want any other woman, a stance for which Muhammad commended him. Muhammad had no jurisdiction over [[Mecca]] and therefore could not force them to [[Divorce in Islam|separate]], so they continued to live together despite Abu al-As's refusal to convert to Islam. Zainab remained in Mecca when the other Muslims following Muhammad migrated to Medina.

==Emigration to Medina==
Abu al-As was one of the [[polytheists]] who was captured at the [[Battle of Badr]]. Zainab sent the money for his ransom, including the onyx necklace. When Muhammad saw the necklace, he refused to accept any cash ransom for his son-in-law. He sent Abu al-As home, and Abu al-As promised to send Zainab to Medina.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|314}}<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|22}}

Zainab accepted this instruction. About a month after the battle, Zainab's adopted brother, [[Zayd ibn Harithah|Zayd]], arrived in Mecca to escort her to Medina. She entered a ''[[howdah|hawdaj]]'' and her brother-in-law, Kinana, led the camel to Zayd in broad daylight. The Quraysh perceived this as an unnecessary flaunting of Muhammad's triumph at Badr. A group of them pursued Zainab and overtook her at Dhu Tuwa. A man named Habbar ibn Al-Aswad threatened her with his lance<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|314–315}} and pushed her. She fell out of the hawdaj onto a rock.<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|4}} Kinana showed the arrows in his quiver and threatened to kill anyone who came any closer. Then [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] arrived, telling Kinana to put away his bow so that they could discuss it rationally. He said that they had no intention of keeping a woman from her father in revenge for Badr, but that it was wrong of Kinana to humiliate the Quraysh further by parading her removal in public; he must do it quietly, when the "chatter" had died down. Kinana took Zainab home again. There she suffered a miscarriage, losing a great deal of blood, which she attributed to having been assaulted by Habbar.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|314–315}}

A few nights later, Kinana took her quietly to meet Zayd, and he escorted her to Medina.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|315}} [[Anas ibn Malik]] recalled seeing Zainab in Medina wearing a striped silk cloak.<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|24}}

===Reunion with Abu al-As===
Zainab did not see her husband again until September or October 627,<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|23}} when he entered her house in Medina by night, asking for protection. Muslim raiders had stolen some merchandise that he was keeping in trust for other Quraysh, and he wanted to try to recover it.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|316}} The next morning, Zainab sat among the women at dawn prayers and shouted: "I have given protection to Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi!" As soon as prayers were over, Muhammad confirmed that he had not known anything about it, but "We protect whomever she protects."<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|317}}<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|22–23}} He told Zainab to treat Abu al-As like a guest. Then he arranged for the Quraysh merchandise to be returned, and Abu al-As took it to its owners in Mecca.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|317}}

Abu al-As then converted to Islam and returned to Medina. Muhammad restored his marriage to Zainab, and they resumed their married life.<ref name=Ishaq/>{{rp|317}}<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|23}}

==Death==
Their reconciliation was short-lived, for Zainab died in May or June 629. Her death was attributed to complications from the miscarriage that she had suffered in 624.<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|4}} The women who washed her dead body included [[Umm Ayman]], [[Sawdah bint Zam'ah|Sawdah]] and [[Umm Salama]].<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|24}}

==See also==
*[[Muhammad in Islam]]
*[[Children of Muhammad ]]
**[[Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters]]
*[[Sahabah]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030817022225/http://freepages.family.rootsweb.com/~naqobatulasyrof/prophet/news_prophet_04.html Qurayshi family tree]

{{Muhammad footer}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:599 births]]
[[Category:629 deaths]]
[[Category:6th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:6th-century women]]
[[Category:7th-century women]]
[[Category:Women companions of the Prophet]]
[[Category:Children of Muhammad ]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]

Zainab bint Muhammad - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article