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{{Short description|Bangladeshi novelist, writer and filmmaker (1935–1971)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Zahir Raihan
| image = Zahir Raihan (1935–1972).jpg
| caption =
| native_name = জহির রায়হান
| native_name_lang = bn
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1935|08|19}}
| birth_place = [[Feni District]], [[Bangladesh ]]
| disappeared_date = {{disappeared date and age|1972|1|30|1935|08|19|df=y}}
| disappeared_place = Bangladesh
| disappeared_status = {{Missing for|1971|12|30}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Dhaka]]
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Filmmaker
* novelist
* writer
}}
| known_for =
| notable_works = ''[[Stop Genocide]]''
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Sumita Devi]]|1961|1968|end=divorce}}|{{marriage|[[Shuchonda]]|1968}}}}
| relatives = [[Shahidullah Kaiser]] (brother)
| awards = [[#Awards|full list]]
}}
'''Mohammad Zahirullah''' (19 August 1935 – disappeared 30 January 1972), known as '''Zahir Raihan''', was a Bangladeshi novelist, writer and filmmaker. He is most notable for his documentary ''[[Stop Genocide]]'' (1971), made during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref name=bpedia>{{harvnb|Khan|2022}}</ref> He was posthumously awarded [[Ekushey Padak]] in 1977 and [[Independence Day Award]] in 1992 by the [[Government of Bangladesh]].<ref name=ekushey>{{cite news |url=http://www.moca.gov.bd/site/page/c706da0c-29ee-4f0f-95d9-fa6705e19001/ |script-title=bn:একুশে পদকপ্রাপ্ত সুধীবৃন্দ |access-date=23 August 2017 |publisher=Government of Bangladesh |language=bn |trans-title=Ekushey Padak winners list}}</ref><ref name=indepen>{{cite web |url=http://brri.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/brri.portal.gov.bd/page/87944ec4_496e_415d_af37_27a10fb35625/Independence%20Day%20Award.pdf |title=Independence Day Award |access-date=23 September 2016 |publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Mohammad Zahirullah was born on 19 August 1935, at Majupur, a village in the [[Feni District|Feni Mahakuma]] under [[Noakhali district]] of the [[Bengal Presidency]] in British India (now Feni district in Bangladesh).<ref>{{cite news |title=Profiles of martyred intellectuals |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2006/december/december14th/intellectuals.htm |work=The Daily Star |access-date=19 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhaka |first1=UNB |title=Looking back at Zahir Raihan, the legend |url=https://www.theindependentbd.com/post/266948 |access-date=13 January 2022 |work=[[The Independent (Bangladesh)|The Independent]] |date=19 August 2021}}</ref> After the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|Partition of Bengal]] in 1947, he, along with his parents, returned to his village from [[Calcutta]]. He obtained his bachelor's in Bengali from the [[University of Dhaka]]. He received his [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate degree]] in [[Bengali literature]].

==Career==
Along with literary works, Raihan started working as a journalist, when he joined ''Juger Alo'' in 1950. Later, he also worked in newspapers, namely ''Khapchhara'', ''Jantrik'', and ''Cinema''. He also worked as the editor of ''Probaho'' in 1956.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.daily-sun.com/post/22439/Zahir-Raihan:-Recalling-an-Intellectual- |title=Zahir Raihan: Recalling an Intellectual |work=The Daily Sun |access-date=14 June 2022}}</ref> His first collection of short stories, titled ''Suryagrahan'', was published in 1955. He worked as an assistant director on the Urdu film ''[[The Day Shall Dawn|Jago Hua Savera]]'' in 1957.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/zahir-raihan-the-unparalleled-legend-1787128 |title=Zahir Raihan: The unparalleled legend |date=19 August 2019 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=20 August 2022}}</ref> This was his first direct involvement in film. He also assisted Salahuddin in the film ''Je Nadi Marupathe''. The filmmaker [[Ehtesham]] also employed him on his film ''E Desh Tomar Amar'', for which he wrote the title song. In 1960, he made his directorial début with ''[[Kokhono Asheni]]'', which was released in 1961. In 1964, he made Pakistan's first colour film, ''[[Sangam (Urdu film)|Sangam]]'', and completed his first [[CinemaScope]] film, ''Bahana'', the following year.

Raihan was an active supporter of the [[Bengali Language Movement]] of 1952 and was present at the historical meeting of Amtala on 21 February 1952. He was among the first group of people who got arrested on the day. The effect of the Bengali Language Movement was so strong on him that he used it as the premise of his landmark film ''[[Jibon Theke Neya]]''. He also took part in the [[1969 Mass uprising in East Pakistan]].<ref>The Daily Prothom Alo,17 August 2006</ref>

In the immediate aftermath of the March 1971 start of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], Raihan made the documentary ''Stop Genocide''.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Ahmed Muztaba Zamal |date=Autumn 1999 |title=Battling for Neutral Ground |magazine=Cinemaya |volume=45 |page=14}}</ref> Critic Ziaul Haq Swapan calls it the start of the history of Bangladeshi documentaries and describes it as "a vehement protest against the Pakistan army’s pogrom in Bangladesh". Raihan also made the documentary ''A State is Born'' during the war.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Ziaul Haq Swapan |date=Summer 1995 |title=Alive and Kicking |magazine=Cinemaya |volume=28-29 |page=71}}</ref> Raihan went to Calcutta during the conflict, where his film ''Jibon Theke Neya'' was shown. His film was highly acclaimed by [[Satyajit Ray]], [[Ritwik Ghatak]], [[Mrinal Sen]], and [[Tapan Sinha]]. Though he was in financial difficulties at the time, he gave all his money from the Calcutta showing to the Freedom Fighters trust.<ref name=Amzad>"Akhono Obohelito Zahir Raihan" Hossain, Amzad. The Daily Prothom Alo, 17 August 2006</ref>

==Personal life==
Raihan had been married twice, to [[Sumita Devi]] in 1961 and [[Shuchonda]] in 1968, both of whom were film actresses. With Sumita he had two sons, Bipul Raihan and Anol Raihan. He, with Shuchonda, had also two sons named Opu Raihan and Topu Raihan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.prothom-alo.com/entertainment/article/474862/প্রধানমন্ত্রীর-সহায়তা-কামনা |script-title=bn:বিপুল রায়হান গুরুতর অসুস্থ:প্রধানমন্ত্রীর সহায়তা কামনা |date=12 March 2015 |work=Prothom Alo}}</ref>

==Disappearance==
Raihan disappeared on 30 January 1972, when he was trying to locate his brother, a notable writer [[Shahidullah Kaiser]], who was captured and presumably killed by the [[Pakistan army]] and/or local collaborators during the final days of the liberation war.<ref name=Capturing>{{cite news |last=Ferdous |first=Fahmim |title=Zahir Raihan: Capturing national struggles on celluloid |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=269585 |access-date=9 November 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=19 February 2022}}</ref> It is believed that he was killed with many others when armed Bihari collaborators and soldiers of the Pakistan Army who were hiding fired on them when they went to [[Mirpur Thana|Mirpur]], a suburb of the capital city of Dhaka that was one of few strongholds for Pakistani/Bihari collaborators at that time.<ref name=Capturing/>

==Books==

===Novels===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* ''Shesh Bikeler Meye'' (A Girl in the Late-Afternoon)
* ''Trishna'' (Thirst)
* ''Hajar Bachhar Dhare'' (For Thousand Years)
* ''Arek Phalgun'' (Another Spring)
* ''Baraf Gala Nadi'' (River of Melted Ice)
* ''Ar Kato Din'' (How Many More Days)
* ''Kayekti Mrityu'' (A Few Deaths)
* ''Ekushey February'' (21 February)
}}

===Short stories===
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* Sonar Harin (The Golden Deer)
* Shomoyer Prayojane (For the Need of Time)
* Ekti Jigyasa (One Question)
* Harano Balay (The Lost Ring)
* Badh (The Protest)
* Suryagrahan (The Solar Eclipse)
* Naya Pattan (The New Foundation)
* Bhangachora (The Broken)
* Aparadh (The Crime)
* Swikriti (The Congratulations)
* Ati Parichito (Very Familiar)
* Ichchha Anichchha (Wish or No Wish)
* Janmantar (Reincarnation)
* Poster
* Ichchhar Agune Jwalchhi (Burnt in the Fire of Wish)
* Katogulo Kukurer Artanad (Bark of Some Dogs)
* Kayekti Sanlap (Some Dialogues)
* Demag (Pride)
* Massacre
* Ekusher Galpo (Story of 21)
}}

==Filmography==

===Director===
[[File:Zahir Raihan 1961.jpg|thumb|right|Raihan at the set of the film ''Kokhono Asheni'' (1961)]]
;Films
* ''[[Kokhono Asheni]]'', 1961<ref>{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=250}}</ref>
* ''Sonar Kajol'', 1962 (jointly with [[Kalim Sharafi]])<ref name=Capturing/><ref>{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=251}}</ref>
* ''[[Kancher Deyal]]'', 1963<ref name="Gazdar1997p252">{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=252}}</ref>
* ''[[Sangam (1964 Urdu film)|Sangam]]'', 1964, Urdu<ref name="Gazdar1997p253">{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=253}}</ref>
* ''Bahana'', 1965, Urdu<ref name="Gazdar1997p254">{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=254}}</ref>
* ''[[Behula (film)|Behula]]'', 1966<ref name="Gazdar1997p257">{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=257}}</ref>
* ''Anwara'', 1967<ref name="Gazdar1997p259">{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=259}}</ref>
* ''[[Jibon Theke Neya]]'', 1970<ref name="Gazdar1997p268">{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=268}}</ref>
* ''Jaltey Suraj Ke Neeche'', 1971, Urdu<ref>{{harvnb|Hoek|2014|p=105|ps=: "Nadeem and Bobita ... in the Urdu film ''Jaltey Suraj Ke Neeche'' ... Directed by Zahir Raihan (though in places credited to his assistant director Nurul Hoque)."}}</ref>
* ''Let There Be Light'', unfinished<ref>{{harvnb|Raju|2002|p=12|ps=: "After ''Glimpses from Life'' [Jibon Theke Neya], Zahir Raihan embarked on ... ''Let There Be Light'' ... but before the film was over, the 1971 Liberation War broke out and Zahir had to postpone the project, as it turned our later, forever."}}</ref>

;Documentary films
* ''[[Stop Genocide]], 1971''<ref name=Capturing/>
* ''A State is Born, 1971''

===Producer===
* ''[[Kancher Deyal]]'', 1963<ref name="Gazdar1997p252" />
* ''[[Sangam (1964 Urdu film)|Sangam]]'', 1964, Urdu<ref name="Gazdar1997p253" />
* ''Bahana'', 1965, Urdu<ref name="Gazdar1997p254" />
* ''[[Behula (film)|Behula]]'', 1966<ref name="Gazdar1997p257" />
* ''Roi Bhai'', 1967<ref name="Gazdar1997p259" />
* ''Dui Bhai'', 1968<ref name="Gazdar1997p262">{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=262}}</ref>
* ''Shuorani Duorani'', 1968{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}
* ''[[Moner Moto Bou]]'', 1969<ref>{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=265}}</ref>
* ''Shesh Parjyanta'', 1969<ref name="Gazdar1997p266">{{harvnb|Gazdar|1997|p=266}}</ref>
* ''[[Jibon Theke Neya]]'', 1970, with A. Rahman<ref name="Gazdar1997p268" />

==Awards==
* [[Adamjee Literary Award]]
* [[Bangla Academy Literary Award]] (1972)
* [[Ekushey Padak]] (1977)
* [[Independence Day Award]] (1992)
* [[Bangladesh National Film Awards]] (2005)

==See also==
* [[List of people who disappeared mysteriously: post-1970|List of people who disappeared]]

== References ==
=== Footnotes ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Gazdar |first=Mushtaq |author-link=Mushtaq Gazdar |year=1997 |title=Pakistan Cinema, 1947-1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-577817-0}}
* {{cite journal |last=Hoek |first=Lotte |date=2014 |title=Cross-wing Filmmaking: Urdui Urdu Films and Their Traces in the Bangladesh Film Archive |journal=BioScope |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=99–118 |doi=10.1177/0974927614547989|s2cid=154148790 }}
* {{cite book |last=Khan |first=Abu Sayeed |year=2012 |chapter=Raihan, Zahir |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Raihan,_Zahir |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
* {{cite book |last=Raju |first=Zakir Hossain |author-link=Zakir Hossain Raju |year=2002 |chapter=Bangladesh: A Defiant Survivor |editor1-last=Vasudev |editor1-first=Aruna |editor2-last=Padgaonkar |editor2-first=Latika |editor3-last=Doraiswamy |editor3-first=Rashmi |title=Being & Becoming: The Cinemas of Asia |publisher=MacMillan |isbn=0333-93820-8}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=2513556|name=Zahir Raihan}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.gunijan.org.bd/GjProfDetails_action.php?GjProfId=250 |script-title=bn:জহির রায়হান – গুনীজন.কম |website=[[Gunijan]] |language=bn}}

{{Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Dialogue}}
{{Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Story}}
{{Cinema of Bangladesh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raihan, Zahir}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:1970s missing person cases]]
[[Category:20th-century dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century novelists]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi film directors]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi male novelists]]
[[Category:Documentary war filmmakers]]
[[Category:Male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Missing people]]
[[Category:People from Feni District]]
[[Category:Recipients of Bangla Academy Award]]
[[Category:Best Dialogue National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Adamjee Literary Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Independence Day Award]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka alumni]]
[[Category:Best Story National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners]]
[[Category:Missing person cases in Bangladesh]]

Zahir Raihan - Revision history

98.113.186.203: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

98.113.186.203: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.