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creating some details basic info

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{{Short description|Sufi order}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Zahidiyya
| image =
| caption =
| founder = Shihabuddin Kabir Zahidi (Imam of [[Kaaba]])
| founded = 13th century CE
| founding_location = [[Mecca]]
| type = [[Sufi order]]
| region_served = [[India]] ([[Meerut]], [[Delhi]], [[Bihar]], [[Bengal]])
| key_people = Badruddin Badre Alam Zahidi, Fakhruddin Khudadad Zahidi, Shihabuddin Haqq-go Shahid Zahidi, Shah Sultan Zahidi
| language = Arabic, Persian, Urdu
| affiliations = [[Sunni Islam]], [[Sufism]]
}}

The '''Zāhidiyya''' ({{Langx|ur|زاہدیہ}}) or the '''Zahidi order''' ({{Langx|ur|سلسلۂ زاہدیہ}}) is a [[Sufi order]] and hereditary spiritual lineage that traces its silsila (spiritual chain) from [[Abu Ishaq of Kazerun]] to [[Junayd of Baghdad]]. The order was introduced into the [[Indian subcontinent]] by Shihabuddin Kabir Zahidi (d. 658 AH / 1260 CE), known as the ''Imam of the Kaaba'' in Mecca, who later migrated to [[Meerut]] along with his son Fakhruddin Khudadad Zahidi.{{Sfn|Ahmad|1963|p=358}}

== History ==
According to the ''[[Ma'arif]]'' journal (Azamgarh, 1963), Fakhruddin Khudadad Zahidi was among the early preachers of Islam in northern India. His son, Shihabuddin Haqq-go Shahid Zahidi, was invited to Delhi by Sultan [[Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah]] Khalji, who built a [[Khanqah]] for him. Both Sultan Qutbuddin and Sultan [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]] were among his devotees.<ref name="maarif">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Nadvi|editor1-first=Moinuddin Ahmad|editor1-link=Moinuddin Ahmad Nadwi|last=Ahmad|first=Syed Shamim|title=Zāhidiyya |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/maarif-shumara-number-005-shah-moinuddin-ahmad-nadvi-magazines-29#38 |journal=[[Ma'arif]] |date=December 1963 |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=358–359 |publisher=[[Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy]] |location=Azamgarh |language=ur |trans-title=The Zahidiyya Order}}</ref>

According to the Persian text of ''Akhbar al-Akhyar'' by [[Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi]], Shihabuddin Haqq-go (son of Fakhruddin Khudadad Zahidi) was called “Haqq-go” (“truth-speaker”) because when Sultan [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] ordered that people address him as “Muhammad ʿĀdil” (the Just), the Shaykh refused and replied, "We cannot call oppressors just." The Sultan ordered that he be thrown from the [[Delhi Fort]], where he died. His grave is said to be below the fort.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dehlawi |first=Abd al-Haqq |author-link=Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi |date=December 1866 |title=Akhbar al-Akhyar |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/akhbar-ul-akhyar-fi-asraril-abrar-abdul-haq-mohaddis-dehlavi-ebooks#125 |publisher=Matba‘-e-Mohammadi |location=Delhi |pages=127 |language=fa |trans-title=Biographies of the Pious}}</ref>

== Expansion in Bengal and Bihar ==
In [[Bengal]] and [[Bihar]], the Zahidiyya spread through '''Badruddin Badre Alam Zahidi''', a contemporary of [[Makhdoom-ul-Mulk Bihari]]. He arrived in Bengal around 740 AH during the reign of Sultan [[Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah]] and later settled in [[Chittagong]], from where he propagated Islam across eastern [[Bengal]], [[Arakan]], [[Burma]], and [[Tripura]].{{Sfn|Ahmad|1963|p=359}} According to Muhammad Ishaq's 1962 article in the ''[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh|Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan]]'' (Dhaka), Badr Alam was respected by Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus, who built places of worship called "Badr Makān" in his name.{{Sfn|Ahmad|1963|p=359}}

Badr Alam’s descendants included Shah Shihabuddin Qital Zahidi, Shah Abu Sa‘id Zahidi, and Shah Sultan Zahidi, who are buried in [[Bihar]]. The family remained influential in [[Bihar Sharif]] and its surrounding regions.<ref name="maarif" />

== Later development ==
During the reigns of the [[Delhi Sultanate rulers|Delhi Sultans]], several members of the Zahidiyya lineage were respected. [[Sikandar Lodi]] was impressed by Fakhruddin Zahidi of Bihar and reportedly said that "no contemporary equals him."<ref name="maarif" /> In [[Bengal]], Sultan [[Alauddin Husain Shah]] was a disciple of the Zahidi family, while his son Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]] adopted the epithet ‘Abd al-Badr’ in honor of Badruddin Badre Alam Zahidi and inscribed it on his coins.<ref name="maarif" />

According to ''[[Nuzhat al-Khawatir]]'', members of the family such as Fakhruddin Zahidi, Shihabuddin Haqq-go Zahidi, and Badruddin Bihari were scholars and Sufis active in [[Delhi]], [[Meerut]], and [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hasani |first1=Abdul Hai |author1-link=Abdul Hai Hasani |title=[[Nuzhat al-Khawatir]] |year=1999 |publisher=Dar Ibn Hazm |location=[[Beirut, Lebanon]] |edition=1st |pages=113, 166–167, 187, 238 |chapter=Zahidis |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/20200621_20200621_1558/page/n165/mode/1up |language=ar}}</ref>

Bibi Abdal Zahidi, daughter of Badr Alam, was also known for piety, and her descendants were called "Abdalis."<ref name="maarif" />

== Legacy ==
The Zahidiyya established khanqahs in [[Meerut]], [[Bihar Sharif]], [[Saran district]], and [[Ballia district]]. The shrines at [[Bihar Sharif]] (''Chhoti Dargah''), [[Saran district|Saran]] (''Chauki Qital''), and [[Sheikhupur]] (''Ruknuddin Zahidi'') remain sites of veneration.<ref name="maarif" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Abdali |first1=Muhammad Tayyib |title=Jada-e-Irfān |date=January 1978 |publisher=Maktaba Sūfiyya, Khanqah-e-Islampur |location=[[Nalanda district]] |volume=1 |pages=199–205 |chapter=Silsila-e-Zāhidiyya |chapter-url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/jada-e-irfan-dr-taiyab-abdali-ebooks#207 |language=ur |trans-chapter=The Zahidiyya Sufi Order}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Sufism in India]]
* [[Chittagong]]
* [[Bihar Sharif]]
* [[Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last1=Motiur Rahman|first1=Muhammad |title=Āyina-e-Waisi |date=March 1976 |publisher=Label Litho Press |location=[[Patna]] |pages=10–33 |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/aaina-e-waisi-mohammad-mutiurrahman-ebooks#43 |language=ur}}
* {{cite book |last1=Haque|first1=Inamul |title=Muslim Bangāli Adab |date=April 1957 |publisher=Idara Matbū'āt-e-Pakistan |location=[[Karachi]] |pages=31–34 |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/muslim-bangali-adab-inam-ul-haq-ebooks#36 |language=ur |trans-title=Muslim Bengali Literature}}
* {{cite book |last1=Moradabadi|first1=Muhammad Hussain|title=Anwār-ul-Ārifeen |year=1873 |publisher=Siddiqui Press |location=[[Bareilly]] |pages=532–533 |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/anwar-ul-aarifeen-hafiz-muhammad-husain-moradaabadi-ebooks#552 |language=fa |trans-title=Lights of the Gnostics}}

[[Category:Sufi orders]]
[[Category:Indian Sufi saints]]
[[Category:Sufism in India]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:Bengal Sultanate]]
[[Category:Sunni Sufi orders]]

Zahidiyya - Revision history

BeckyK8455: creating some details basic info