Zafar Chaudhry - Revision history

Bot at 03:02, 25 December 2022

2022-12-25T03:02:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:32, 25 December 2022
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	{{short description\|Pakistani air force officer}}		{{short description\|Pakistani air force officer}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2019}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific_prefix = [[Air Marshal]]		\| honorific_prefix = [[Air Marshal]]
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	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
	Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry was born in [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab, British India\|Punjab]], in [[British India]] on 19 August 1926 in [[~~Arain~~]] family.<ref name="ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)">{{cite book\|last1=Hussain\|first1=Syed Shabbir\|last2=Qureshi\|first2=M. Tariq\|title=History of the Pakistan Air Force, 1947–1982\|date=1982\|publisher=ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)\|location=Islamabad, Pakistan\|page=217\|isbn=978-0-19-648045-9\|edition=1st\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aa8jAAAAMAAJ&q=born+Sialkot\|access-date=15 January 2018\|language=en\|format=google books}}</ref><ref name="Indian Air Force Database">{{cite web\|last1=Indian Air Force\|first1=IAF\|title=Service Record for Air Marshal Zafar Ahmed Chaudhry 3095 GD(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com\|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/3095\|website=Bharat Rakshak\|publisher=Indian Air Force Database\|access-date=15 January ~~2022~~}}</ref> ~~He was a member of the [[Ahmadiyya\|Ahmadiyya Muslim community]].~~		Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry was born in [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab, British India\|Punjab]], in [[British India]] on 19 August 1926 in to a [[Punjabi Muslim]] family belonging to the [[Ahmadiyya Movement]].<ref name="ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)">{{cite book\|last1=Hussain\|first1=Syed Shabbir\|last2=Qureshi\|first2=M. Tariq\|title=History of the Pakistan Air Force, 1947–1982\|date=1982\|publisher=ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)\|location=Islamabad, Pakistan\|page=217\|isbn=978-0-19-648045-9\|edition=1st\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aa8jAAAAMAAJ&q=born+Sialkot\|access-date=15 January 2018\|language=en\|format=google books}}</ref><ref name="Indian Air Force Database">{{cite web\|last1=Indian Air Force\|first1=IAF\|title=Service Record for Air Marshal Zafar Ahmed Chaudhry 3095 GD(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com\|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/3095\|website=Bharat Rakshak\|publisher=Indian Air Force Database\|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref>

	He enrolled at the [[University of the Punjab\|Punjab University]] in Lahore, and graduated with [[bachelor's degree]] in 1944, and then joined the [[Royal Indian Air Force]].<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, 2002">{{cite news\|last1=Naqvi\|first1=Ashfaque\|title=Features: Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1063652\|access-date=15 January 2018\|work=DAWN.COM\|publisher=Dawn Newspapers\|date=28 September ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)"/>		He enrolled at the [[University of the Punjab\|Punjab University]] in Lahore, and graduated with [[bachelor's degree]] in 1944, and then joined the [[Royal Indian Air Force]].<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, 2002">{{cite news\|last1=Naqvi\|first1=Ashfaque\|title=Features: Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1063652\|access-date=15 January 2018\|work=DAWN.COM\|publisher=Dawn Newspapers\|date=28 September 2002}}</ref><ref name="ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)"/>

	== Military service ==		== Military service ==
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	==Post retirement==		==Post retirement==
	Chaudhry was the last air marshal to command the Air Force, and was succeeded by [[Zulfiqar Ali Khan]], the Air Force's first [[Four-star rank\|four-star general]].<ref name="ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)" /> After his retirement, Chaudhry became an activist, returned to Pakistan, and was one of the founding members of the [[Human Rights Commission of Pakistan]] in the 1980s, subsequently serving on its Council.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/hrcp-mourns-loss-of-founder-member-air-marshal-zafar-chaudhry/\|title=HRCP mourns loss of founder member Air Marshal Zafar Chaudhry\|date=18 December 2019\|website=HRCP\|access-date=19 December ~~2022~~}}</ref>		Chaudhry was the last air marshal to command the Air Force, and was succeeded by [[Zulfiqar Ali Khan]], the Air Force's first [[Four-star rank\|four-star general]].<ref name="ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)" /> After his retirement, Chaudhry became an activist, returned to Pakistan, and was one of the founding members of the [[Human Rights Commission of Pakistan]] in the 1980s, subsequently serving on its Council.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/hrcp-mourns-loss-of-founder-member-air-marshal-zafar-chaudhry/\|title=HRCP mourns loss of founder member Air Marshal Zafar Chaudhry\|date=18 December 2019\|website=HRCP\|access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref>

	On 17 December 2019, Chaudhry died of [[cardiac arrest]], aged 93, in [[Lahore]], Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Former PAF chief Zafar Chaudhry passes away \|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1522986/ \|work=Dawn \|date=18 December ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Former air chief marshal Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry passes away \|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2019/12/former-air-chief-marshal-zafar-ahmad-chaudhry-passes-away/ \|work=Samaa TV \|date=18 December ~~2022~~}}</ref>		On 17 December 2019, Chaudhry died of [[cardiac arrest]], aged 93, in [[Lahore]], Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Former PAF chief Zafar Chaudhry passes away \|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1522986/ \|work=Dawn \|date=18 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Former air chief marshal Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry passes away \|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2019/12/former-air-chief-marshal-zafar-ahmad-chaudhry-passes-away/ \|work=Samaa TV \|date=18 December 2019}}</ref>

	== Awards and Decorations ==		== Awards and Decorations ==

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{{short description|Pakistani air force officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Air Marshal
| name = Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry ظفراحمد چودھری
| native_name = 
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| term_end = 15 April 1974
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| predecessor =[[Air Marshal|Air-Mshl.]] [[Abdul Rahim Khan|A. Rahim Khan]]
| successor =[[Air Chief Marshal|ACM]] [[Zulfiqar Ali Khan]]
| prior_term =
| order2 =[[Managing director|Managing-Director]] of [[Pakistan International Airlines]]
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| term_start2 =1971
| term_end2 =3 April 1972
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| birth_name =Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry
| birth_date ={{birth date|1926|08|19|df=y}}
| birth_place =[[Sialkot]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]] {{small|(Present-day in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in [[Pakistan]])}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|12|17|1926|8|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Lahore]], Pakistan
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| nickname =''Chaudhry''
| allegiance ={{PAK}}
| branch ={{air force|PAK}}
| serviceyears =1945–1974
| rank =[[File:AM Pakistan Air Force.png|10px]][[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|30px]] [[Air marshal]]
| unit =[[No. 7 Squadron IAF|No. 7 Squadron, RIAF]] {{small|([[Service number|S/No.]] RIAF. 3095)}}
| commands =[[Pakistan Air Force Academy]] [[PAF Base Sargodha]] [[Assistant Chief of Air Staff|ACAS (Air Operations)]] [[List of Pakistan Air Force Bases|No. 38 (Tactical) Wing]]
| battles =[[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]]
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'''Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry''' ([[Urdu]]: ظفر احمد چودھری; b. 19 August 1926 – 17 December 2019), {{small|[[Civil decorations of Pakistan|SQA]]}}, was a [[Pakistan|Pakistani]] [[human rights]] activist and an [[Airlines of Pakistan|airline]] [[Corporate title|executive]] who served as the first [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]] of [[Pakistan Air Force]], appointed in 1972 until his resignation in 1974.

==Early life and education==
Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry was born in [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], in [[British India]] on 19 August 1926 in [[Arain]] family.<ref name="ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)">{{cite book|last1=Hussain|first1=Syed Shabbir|last2=Qureshi|first2=M. Tariq|title=History of the Pakistan Air Force, 1947–1982|date=1982|publisher=ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)|location=Islamabad, Pakistan|page=217|isbn=978-0-19-648045-9|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aa8jAAAAMAAJ&q=born+Sialkot|access-date=15 January 2018|language=en|format=google books}}</ref><ref name="Indian Air Force Database">{{cite web|last1=Indian Air Force|first1=IAF|title=Service Record for Air Marshal Zafar Ahmed Chaudhry 3095 GD(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/3095|website=Bharat Rakshak|publisher=Indian Air Force Database|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Ahmadiyya|Ahmadiyya Muslim community]].

He enrolled at the [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]] in Lahore, and graduated with [[bachelor's degree]] in 1944, and then joined the [[Royal Indian Air Force]].<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, 2002">{{cite news|last1=Naqvi|first1=Ashfaque|title=Features: Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1063652|access-date=15 January 2018|work=DAWN.COM|publisher=Dawn Newspapers|date=28 September 2002}}</ref><ref name="ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)"/>

== Military service ==
In 1945, Chaudhry was [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[Royal Indian Air Force]] as a [[pilot officer]], and was inducted in [[No. 7 Squadron, Indian Air Force|No. 7 Squadron]] in 1946.<ref name="Indian Air Force Database" /> After the [[Partition of India|partition]] of [[India]], he subsequently went to join the [[Pakistan Air Force]], and qualified as an instructor on the North American T-6G Harvard .<ref name="Ferozsons, 2001">{{cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=S. M.|title=A Lucky Pilot: Memoirs of Retired Wing Commander Lanky Ahmad|date=2001|publisher=Ferozsons|location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan|isbn=9789690013712|pages=28–29|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ooLfAAAAMAAJ&q=zafar+chaudhry+|access-date=15 January 2018|language=en-pk|format=googleboosk|chapter={{small|Pakistan's Share of Aircraft from Undivided India}}}}</ref> He was further educated at the [[RAF Staff College, Andover|RAF Staff College]] in [[Andover, Hampshire|Andover]], [[Hampshire, UK|Hampshire]], in the United Kingdom before being directed to attend the [[Joint Service Defence College]] of the [[British Army]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Ilmi Encyclopaedia of General Knowledge|date=1979|publisher=Ilmi Kitab Khana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqAEAAAAYAAJ&q=zafar+chaudhry+commissioned|access-date=15 January 2018|language=en|page=335}}</ref> He later secured his qualification from the [[Imperial Defence College]] before returning to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book|title=World Defence Who's who|date=1974|publisher=Macdonald and Jane's|isbn=9780356080031|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BkxAQAAIAAJ&q=zafar+chaudhry+commissioned|language=en|page=38}}</ref>

In 1965, [[Air Commodore]] Chaudhry served in the [[Air Headquarters (Pakistan Air Force)|Air Headquarters]] as a Director Air Operations, taking responsibility for planning combat [[Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965|aerial operations]] against the [[Indian Air Force]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fricker|first1=John|title=Battle for Pakistan: The Air War of 1965|date=1979|publisher=I. Allan|isbn=9780711009295|page=122|language=en}}</ref> In 1969, Chaudhry was appointed station commander of the [[PAF Base Sargodha|PAF Station Sargodha]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Shaheen: Journal of the Pakistan Air Force|journal=Shaheen: Journal of the Pakistan Air Force|date=1984|volume=31|issue=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=daC4AAAAIAAJ&q=Zafar+Chaudhry|access-date=15 January 2018|publisher=Air Headquarters.|language=en|page=24}}</ref>

In 1971, [[Air vice-marshal|Air Vice-Marshal]] Chaudhry was sent on [[secondment]] and was appointed as [[managing director]] of the [[Pakistan International Airlines]], which he directed until 1972.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Roadcap|first1=Roy Reginald|title=World Airline Record|date=1972|publisher=Roy R. Roadcap & Associates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KrhTAAAAMAAJ&q=zafar+chaudhry+Pakistan+International+Airlines+1970|access-date=15 January 2018|language=en|pages=134–135}}</ref>

On 3 April 1972, [[Air Marshal]] Chaudhry was appointed as first [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]] and took over the command of the [[Pakistan Air Force]]. In 1973, he authorised the [[Air Intelligence (Pakistan)|Air Intelligence]] to conduct inquiries for the [[court-martial]] of several senior air force officers for their alleged political role in de-stabilising the civilian government.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Inamul Haque|author-link1=Inamul Haque Khan|title=Memoirs of Insignificance|date=1999|publisher=Dar-ut-Tazkeer|pages=95–96|language=en}}</ref>

This decision sparked controversy between the [[Pakistan Air Force|Air Force]] and the civilian government. Eventually, the decision was reversed upon being determined that the investigation was opened for inappropriate reasons, allowing the alleged officers to continue their military service in 1974.<ref name="Springer, 2000">{{cite book|last1=Rizvi|first1=H.|title=Military, State and Society in Pakistan|date=2000|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230599048|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwGIDAAAQBAJ&dq=zafar+chaudhry+resigned&pg=PA144|access-date=15 January 2018|language=en|page=144}}</ref> Upon learning of this development, Chaudhry immediately tendered his resignation taking the honourable course of action. Not known for affluence he took a job in USA selling cars. Later he joined Mr Babar Ali in Lahore to look after WWF in Pakistan. He was a brilliant officer who fell to the politics of PPP government and the prevalent anti-Ahmadi sentiment.<ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.">{{cite book|last1=Cloughley|first1=Brian|title=A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections|date=2016|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.|isbn=9781631440397|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SqCDwAAQBAJ&q=zafar+chaudhry+air+marshal+ahmedi&pg=PT212|access-date=15 January 2018|language=en|page=212}}</ref>

==Post retirement==
Chaudhry was the last air marshal to command the Air Force, and was succeeded by [[Zulfiqar Ali Khan]], the Air Force's first [[Four-star rank|four-star general]].<ref name="ISPR (Pakistan Air Force)" /> After his retirement, Chaudhry became an activist, returned to Pakistan, and was one of the founding members of the [[Human Rights Commission of Pakistan]] in the 1980s, subsequently serving on its Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/hrcp-mourns-loss-of-founder-member-air-marshal-zafar-chaudhry/|title=HRCP mourns loss of founder member Air Marshal Zafar Chaudhry|date=18 December 2019|website=HRCP|access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref>

On 17 December 2019, Chaudhry died of [[cardiac arrest]], aged 93, in [[Lahore]], Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Former PAF chief Zafar Chaudhry passes away |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1522986/ |work=Dawn |date=18 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Former air chief marshal Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry passes away |url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2019/12/former-air-chief-marshal-zafar-ahmad-chaudhry-passes-away/ |work=Samaa TV |date=18 December 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.paffalcons.com/cas/zafar-chaudhry.php Bio of Air Marshal Zafar Chaudhry]
*[http://www.hrcp-web.org/hrcpDetail_abtHrcp.cfm?catId=222&catName=About%20HRCP About the HRCP]
{{S-start}}
{{S-mil}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Abdul Rahim Khan]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]]|years=1972 – 1974}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Zulfiqar Ali Khan]]}}
{{end}}

{{Military of Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhry, Zafar}}

[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Sialkot]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Pakistani Ahmadis]]
[[Category:University of the Punjab alumni|C]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Defence Studies]]
[[Category:Joint Services Command and Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:Military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
[[Category:Pakistan Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:People in aviation]]
[[Category:Pakistan International Airlines people]]
[[Category:Air marshals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Air Staff, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani human rights activists]]