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{{EngvarB|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Zafar Ali Khan
| image = Tomb of Mulana Zafar Ali Khan.jpg
| caption = Tomb of Zafar Ali Khan
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1874<ref name=findpk/><ref name=dawn/>
| birth_place = Kot Mehrath, [[Sialkot District]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1956|11|27}}<ref name=findpk/><ref name=dawn/>
| death_place = [[Wazirabad]], [[West Pakistan]], [[Pakistan]]
| occupation = Poet, journalist<ref name=findpk/>
| awards =
| website =
| imagesize =
| yearsactive =
| othername =
}}

'''Zafar Ali Khan''' (1874– 27 November 1956) ({{lang-pnb|{{Nastaliq|ظفرؔ علی خان}}}} – {{transl|ur|''Ẓafar ʿAlī Xān''}}), also known as '''Maulana Zafar Ali Khan''', was a Pakistani writer, poet, translator and a journalist<ref name=dawn>{{cite news|author=Rauf Parekh|title=Pakistani writers show renewed interest in Zafar Ali Khan's works|url=http://dawn.com/2012/11/19/pakistani-writers-show-renewed-interest-in-zafar-ali-khans-works/|access-date=4 July 2018|newspaper=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=19 November 2022}}</ref> who played an important role in the [[Pakistan Movement]] against the [[British Raj]].<ref name="nation1">{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/27-Nov-2012/maulana-zafar-ali-khan-the-history-maker |title=Profile of Maulana Zafar Ali Khan – the history maker |author=Raja Asad Ali Khan|publisher=The Nation (newspaper)|date=27 November 2012 |access-date=4 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="Daechsel2002">{{cite book|author=Markus Daechsel|title=Politics of Self-Expression|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HsZvwVAlnKIC&pg=PA64|access-date=4 July 2018|date=1 June 2002|publisher=Routledge|via= Google Books|isbn=978-1-134-38371-9|pages=64–}}</ref> He is generally considered to be "the father of Urdu journalism."<ref>[https://nation.com.pk/27-Nov-2014/maulana-zafar-ali-khan Profile of Maulana Zafar Ali Khan] The Nation (newspaper), Published 27 November 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2018</ref>

==Early life==
Zafar was born into a Punjabi [[Janjua]] family in [[Sialkot]], British India. He received his early education at Mission High School, [[Wazirabad]], [[Gujranwala District]].,<ref name=storyofpakistan>[https://storyofpakistan.com/maulana-zafar-ali-khan Profile of Zafar Ali Khan on storyofpakistan.com website] Published 1 January 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2019</ref> [[matriculate]]d (10th grade) from [[Patiala]], and passed his [[Faculty in Arts (certificate)|intermediate]] (12th grade) from the [[Aligarh Muslim University|Aligarh College]]. Next, he worked in the [[Post office|postal department]] of the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], the same place where his father worked, but resigned over a row with his seniors.<ref name=storyofpakistan/><ref name="Maulana Zafar Ali Khan 1874-1956">{{cite web|url=http://www.journalismpakistan.com/hall-detail.php?hallid=32&pageid=famed |title=Profile of Maulana Zafar Ali Khan (1874–1956) |publisher=Journalismpakistan.com website |access-date=4 July 2022}}</ref> He rejoined Aligarh College and gained his BA degree from there.<ref name="Maulana Zafar Ali Khan 1874-1956"/>

== Career ==
After graduation, Khan was appointed secretary to a Muslim political leader [[Mohsin-ul-Mulk]], then in [[Bombay]]. Then he worked for some time as a translator in [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]], [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], rising to the post of Secretary, Home Department. He returned from Hyderabad and launched his daily [[Zamindar (newspaper)|Zamindar]] newspaper from [[Lahore]] which was founded by his father Maulvi Sirajuddin Ahmad.<ref name="Maulana Zafar Ali Khan 1874-1956"/><ref name="Jalal2000">{{cite book|author=Ayesha Jalal|title=Self and sovereignty: individual and community in South Asian Islam since 1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GI0ErXsHdR0C&pg=PA184|access-date=4 July 2018|year=2000|isbn=978-0-415-22077-4|pages=184–}}</ref>

'''Relation with the Ahmadiyya Movement'''

Zafar Ali Khan's relationship with the [[Ahmadiyya movement]] was complex. His father had been an ardent admirer of [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] and other leading Ahmadis such as [[Hakeem Noor-ud-Din|Maulana Hakeem Noor-ud-Din]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uxnRQfRqIdwC&q=zafar%20ali%20khan%20father%20mirza%20ghulam%20ahmad&pg=PA297|title=The Ahmadiyya Case|last1=Muhammad |first1=Hafiz Sher|last2=Aziz|first2=Zahid|publisher=AAIL inc|year=1987|isbn=978-0913321553|location=Newark, California, United States of America|pages=297–8}}</ref> His maternal uncle ''Maulana Hassan Khan'' and his cousins were also prominent Lahori Ahmadis.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=7 May 1935|title=Obituary of Maulana Muhammad Adullah Khan|journal=Paigham-e-Sulh|volume=Issue 7|pages=6}}</ref> He worked on multiple collaborative projects with Ahmadis such as [[Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din|Khwaja Kamaluddin]] and even praised the movement. However, in the 1930s he published Anti Ahmadi vitriol in the Zamindar, and even wrote some anti Ahmadi poetry.<ref name="ahmadiyya1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ahmadiyya.org/allegs/zafar-ali.htm |title=Maulana Zafar Ali Khan and British rule over Muslims of India |publisher=Ahmadiyya.org |access-date=4 July 2022}}</ref> Close to the time of death there was still some social interaction and amicability as the second Ahmadi Khalifa, [[Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad|Mirza Bashir ud din Mahmood]], personally paid for his medical care until his passing in 1956.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ahmadiyya Muslim Character- Another Glimpse|last=Pervaiz|first=Shahid|date=28 October 2012|work=The Muslim Outlook}}</ref>

== Poetry ==
He chose to write in Urdu, instead of his mother tongue Punjabi. Khan's interest in poetry began in his childhood. His poems have religious and political sentiment.<ref name="Daechsel2002"/> He was specially versed in impromptu compositions. His poetical output includes ''Baharistan'', ''Nigaristan'', and ''Chamanistan''. His other works are ''Marka-e-Mazhab-o-Science'', ''Ghalba-e-Rum'', ''Sayr-e-Zulmet'' and an opera ''Jang-e-Roos-o-Japan''.<ref name="Kanda2005">{{cite book|author=K. C. Kanda |title=Masterpieces of patriotic Urdu poetry: text, translation, and transliteration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v6eA4vjTOXsC&pg=PA161|access-date=4 July 2018|date=1 January 2005|isbn=978-81-207-2893-6|pages=161–}}</ref>

=== Most popular Naats===
* 'Woh shama ujala jis ne kiya 40 baras tak ghaaron mein' sung by [[Mehdi Hassan]], a [[Radio Pakistan]] production, a popular [[Naat]] written by Zafar Ali Khan<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mSS2CDcino, A popular Naat written by Zafar Ali Khan on YouTube] Retrieved 4 July 2018</ref>
* '{{lang|hi|Dil jis se zinda hai woh tamanna tum hi tau ho}}' sung by ''Muneeba Sheikh'', a [[Pakistan Television Corporation|Pakistan Television]] production, a popular [[Naat]] written by Zafar Ali Khan<ref>[https://www.musixmatch.com/lyrics/Muniba-Shaikh/Dil-Jis-Se-Zinda-Hai Zafar Ali Khan's Naat] sung by Muneeba Sheikh. Retrieved 4 July 2018</ref>

==Death==
He died on 27 November 1956, Wazirabad, Punjab. His funeral prayer was led by his companion [[Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi]].<ref name=dawn/>

==Memorials and legacy==
Sahiwal Stadium, а multi-purpose stadium in [[Sahiwal]], Punjab, was renamed as [[Zafar Ali Stadium]] in his honour. It is used for football and cricket games. The stadium holds 10,000 people.

He served the [[Pakistan Movement]] and is acknowledged as the father of [[Urdu language|Urdu]] language journalism.<ref name="nation1"/> It has been said of him:
"he was the father of Urdu journalism, … the [[Zamindar (newspaper)|Zamindar]] newspaper, when Zafar Ali Khan was the proprietor and editor, was the Urdu newspaper for the Muslims."<ref name="ahmadiyya1"/> Recognising Zafar Ali Khan's contributions to the [[Pakistan Movement]], the Punjab government in Pakistan established a 'Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Trust' that initiated the 'Zafar Ali Khan Award' for outstanding journalists to be awarded every year.<ref>[http://nation.com.pk/lahore/18-Jan-2012/139th-birth-anniversary-of-maulana-zafar-ali-khan-today 'Zafar Ali Khan Award' for outstanding journalists initiated], The Nation (newspaper), published 18 January 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2018</ref> A public degree college in Wazirabad is named after him as Government Molana Zafar Ali Khan Degree College.{{cn|date=April 2022}}

[[Pakistan Post]] issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.<ref name=findpk>[http://www.findpk.com/pof/maulana_zafar_ali_khan.html Profile and commemorative postage stamp image of Zafar Ali Khan on findpk.com website] Retrieved 4 July 2018</ref>

==Books==
Some of his notable publications include:
===Poetry===
*''Bahāristān''
*''Nigāristān''
*''Camanistān''
*''Rahāristān''
*''Armag̲h̲ān-i Qādiyān''
*''Kulliyāt-i Maulānā Ẓafar ʻAlī K̲h̲ān''
*''Ḥabsiyāt''
*''Nashīd-i Shīrāz'', collection of [[Persian language|Persian]] poems and articles published in different periodicals
*''K̲h̲amistān-i Ḥijāz'', poetry about [[Muhammad]]

===Essays===
*''G̲h̲albah-yi Rūm : ek tārīk̲h̲ī tafsīr'', historical commentary of [[Ar-Rum|Sūrat ar-Rūm]] on the victory of Romans over the Persians and the Muslims over the Meccan polytheists as predicted by Koran in AD 615
*''Taqārīr-i Maulānā Ẓafar ʻAlī K̲h̲ān̲'', speeches of the author, especially in regard with the [[Khilafat movement]]
*''Lat̤āʼifuladab'', on the relation between literature and Islam
*''Mʻaās̲h̲irat'', on the social sciences
*''Jamāluddīn Afg̲h̲ānī : yaʻnī itiḥād-i Islāmī ke muharrik-i aʻzīm, Misr, Ṭarkī, Īrān aur Hindūstān ke z̲arīʻah ʻalim-i Islām man̲'', biography of the Muslim reformer and independence fighter [[Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī]]

===Plays===
*''Jang-i Rus va Japān : yaʻnī ek tārīk̲h̲ī ḍrāmā'', a play on the [[Russo-Japanese War|Russian Japanese War]], 1904–1905

===Translations===
*''Jangal buk'', Urdu translation from the English of [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s ''[[Jungle Book]]''
*''Al-Farooq : the life of Omar the Great'', English translation from the Urdu of [[Shibli Nomani]]'s ''[[Al-Farooq (book)|Al-Farooq]]'', a biography of [[Umar]]

== See also ==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[[List of Pakistani journalists]]
*[[List of people on the postage stamps of Pakistan]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group="Note"}}
Maulana would never miss a chance to snub the British government and the Heavens had provided him ample opportunities to carry out his sacred mission. Shaheed Ghazi Ilam Din had killed a blasphemous person and was sent to gallows in the [[Mianwali]] jail. The government buried him in Mianwali which infuriated the Muslims in Punjab. They protested and made a unanimous demand to bring Shaeed's body to [[Lahore]] but no one was prepared to give coverage to their voice as Hindus dominated most of the newspapers in the old Punjab before 1947. A large procession led by Lal Din Qaiser reached the office of [[Zamindar (newspaper)|Zamindar]] in 1903 newspaper which was the only hope for the Muslims at that time and succeeded in getting newspaper coverage for their event.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Pakistan Movement}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Zafar Ali}}
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]]
[[Category:Pakistani male journalists]]
[[Category:Pakistani writers]]
[[Category:1874 births]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Pakistani media personalities]]
[[Category:Indian people of World War II]]
[[Category:People from Wazirabad]]

Zafar Ali Khan - Revision history

AnnettLevi9: enhanced lead based on references

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.