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	{{~~short~~ description\|Age or era in Hinduism}}		{{Short description\|Age or era in Hinduism}}
	{{About\|\|~~the 2006 film~~\|Yuga (~~film~~)}}		{{Distinguish\|Yoga}}
	{{~~About\|\|the cycle\|Yuga Cycle~~}}		{{About\|\|other uses\|Yuga (disambiguation)}}
			{{Italic title}}

	A '''''yuga''''', in [[Hinduism]], is generally used to indicate an age of time.<ref name="Dictionary.com yuga">{{Dictionary.com\|~~yuga~~\|access-date=2021-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author-last=Sundarraj\|author-first=M.\|year=1997\|orig-year=1st ed. 1994\|editor-last=Mahalingam\|editor-first=~~Dr.~~ N.\|editor-link=N. Mahalingam\|chapter=Ch. 4 Asvins⁠—Time-Keepers\|title=RG Vedic Studies\|url=https://archive.org/details/rigvedicstudiessundarrajm.ed.mahalingamn._202003/page/n252/mode/1up\|location=[[Coimbatore]]\|publisher=[[Sakthi Group\|Rukmani Offset Press]]\|page=219\|quote=It is quite clear that the smallest unit was the 'nimisah' ['winking of eyes'], and that time in the general sense of past, present and future was indicated by the word 'yuga'.}}</ref>		A '''''yuga''''', in [[Hinduism]], is generally used to indicate an age of time.<ref name="Dictionary.com yuga">{{Dictionary.com\|Yuga\|access-date=2021-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author-last=Sundarraj\|author-first=M.\|year=1997\|orig-year=1st ed. 1994\|editor-last=Mahalingam\|editor-first=N.\|editor-link=N. Mahalingam\|chapter=Ch. 4 Asvins⁠—Time-Keepers\|title=RG Vedic Studies\|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/rigvedicstudiessundarrajm.ed.mahalingamn._202003/page/n252/mode/1up\|location=[[Coimbatore]]\|publisher=[[Sakthi Group\|Rukmani Offset Press]]\|page=219\|quote=It is quite clear that the smallest unit was the 'nimisah' ['winking of eyes'], and that time in the general sense of past, present and future was indicated by the word 'yuga'.}}</ref>

	In the ''[[Rigveda]]'', a ''yuga'' refers to generations, a long ~~period, a very brief period~~, or a [[yoke]] (joining of two things).<ref>{{cite journal \|author-last=Kane \|author-first=P. V.\|author-link=Pandurang Vaman Kane\|date=September 1936\|editor-last1=Sukthankar\|editor-first1=~~Dr.~~ V. S.\|editor-link1=Vishnu Sitaram Sukthankar\|editor-last2=Fyzee\|editor-first2=A. A. A.\|editor-link2=Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee\|editor-last3=Bhagwat\|editor-first3=~~Prof.~~ N. K.\|title=Kalivarjya (actions forbidden in the Kali Age)\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281640/page/n199/mode/1up\|journal=Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society\|volume=12\|publisher=[[The Asiatic Society of Mumbai\|The Asiatic Society of Bombay]]\|pages=1–2\|quote=The word yuga occurs at least thirty-eight times in the ~~Rgveda~~, but the meaning is rather doubtful. In a few places yuga means yoke ... In many places it appears to refer to a very brief period ... Generally yuga appears to mean in the Rigveda 'generation' (lessening the life of human generations) ... In other places 'yuga' must be given the sense of a 'long period of time' ...}}</ref> In the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the words ''yuga'' and ''[[Kalpa (~~aeon~~)\|kalpa]]'' (a day of [[Brahma]]) are used interchangeably to describe the cycle of creation and destruction.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia \|author-last=González-Reimann \|author-first=Luis \|year=2018 \|title=Cosmic Cycles, Cosmology, and Cosmography \|editor1-last=Basu \|editor1-first=Helene \|editor2-last=Jacobsen \|editor2-first=Knut A. \|editor3-last=Malinar \|editor3-first=Angelika \|editor4-last=Narayanan \|editor4-first=Vasudha \|encyclopedia=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism \|location=[[Leiden]] \|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] \|volume=2 \|doi=10.1163/2212-5019_BEH_COM_1020020 \|isbn=978-90-04-17641-6 \|issn=2212-5019 \|page=415 \|quote=The cycle [of creation and destruction] is either called a yuga (MBh. 1.1.28; 12.327.89; 13.135.11), a kalpa, meaning a formation or a creation (MBh. 6.31.7 [= BhG. 9.7]; 12.326.70; 12.327.23), or a day of the brahman, or of Brahmā, the creator god (MBh. 12.224.28–31). Sometimes, it is simply referred to as the process of creation and destruction (saṃhāravikṣepa; MBh. 12.271.30, 40, 43, 47–49).}}</ref>		In the ''[[Rigveda]]'', a ''yuga'' refers to generations, a period of time (whether long or short), or a [[yoke]] (joining of two things).<ref>{{cite journal \|author-last=Kane \|author-first=P. V.\|author-link=Pandurang Vaman Kane\|date=September 1936\|editor-last1=Sukthankar\|editor-first1=V. S.\|editor-link1=Vishnu Sitaram Sukthankar\|editor-last2=Fyzee\|editor-first2=A. A. A.\|editor-link2=Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee\|editor-last3=Bhagwat\|editor-first3=N. K.\|title=Kalivarjya (actions forbidden in the Kali Age)\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281640/page/n199/mode/1up\|journal=Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society\|volume=12\|publisher=[[The Asiatic Society of Mumbai\|The Asiatic Society of Bombay]]\|pages=1–2\|quote=The word yuga occurs at least thirty-eight times in the Rigveda, but the meaning is rather doubtful. In a few places yuga means yoke ... In many places it appears to refer to a very brief period ... Generally yuga appears to mean in the Rigveda 'generation' (lessening the life of human generations) ... In other places 'yuga' must be given the sense of a 'long period of time' ...}}</ref> In the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the words ''yuga'' and ''[[Kalpa (time)\|kalpa]]'' (a day of [[Brahma]]) are used interchangeably to describe the cycle of creation and destruction.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia \|author-last=González-Reimann \|author-first=Luis \|year=2018 \|title=Cosmic Cycles, Cosmology, and Cosmography \|editor1-last=Basu \|editor1-first=Helene \|editor2-last=Jacobsen \|editor2-first=Knut A. \|editor3-last=Malinar \|editor3-first=Angelika \|editor4-last=Narayanan \|editor4-first=Vasudha \|encyclopedia=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism \|location=[[Leiden]] \|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] \|volume=2 \|doi=10.1163/2212-5019_BEH_COM_1020020 \|isbn=978-90-04-17641-6 \|issn=2212-5019 \|page=415 \|quote=The cycle [of creation and destruction] is either called a yuga (MBh. 1.1.28; 12.327.89; 13.135.11), a kalpa, meaning a formation or a creation (MBh. 6.31.7 [= BhG. 9.7]; 12.326.70; 12.327.23), or a day of the brahman, or of Brahmā, the creator god (MBh. 12.224.28–31). Sometimes, it is simply referred to as the process of creation and destruction (saṃhāravikṣepa; MBh. 12.271.30, 40, 43, 47–49).}}</ref>

	~~The names~~ "''~~Yuga~~''" and "~~Age~~" commonly denote a [[Yuga Cycle\|{{IAST\|catur-yuga}}]] (pronounced ''~~Chatur Yuga~~''), a cycle of four world ~~ages, for~~ example, in the ''[[Surya Siddhanta]]'' and ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' (part of the ''Mahabharata'')~~, unless~~ expressly limited by the name of one of its minor ages: ''[[Satya Yuga\|Krita (Satya) Yuga]]'', ''[[Treta Yuga]]'', ''[[Dvapara Yuga]]'', or ''[[Kali Yuga]]''.<ref name="Dictionary.com yuga"/><ref>{{cite book \|author-last=Burgess \|author-first=Rev. Ebenezer \|year=1935 \|orig-year=1st ed. 1860 \|editor-last=Gangooly \|editor-first=Phanindralal \|title=Translation of the Surya-Siddhanta, A Text-Book of Hindu Astronomy; With notes and an appendix \|url=https://archive.org/details/SuryaSiddhantaTranslation/page/n61/mode/1up\| publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] \|page=9 \|quote=The period of 4,320,000 years is ordinarily styled Great Age (mahayuga), or, as above in two instances [1.15-16], Quadruple Age (caturyuga). In the Surya-Siddhanta, however, the former term is not once found, and the latter occurs only in these verses; elsewhere, Age (yuga) alone is employed to denote it, and always denotes it, unless expressly limited by the name of the Golden (krta) Age.}}</ref>{{efn\|The general word "{{IAST\|yuga}}" is sometimes used instead of the more specific word "{{IAST\|catur-yuga}}". A ''[[Kalpa (~~aeon~~)\|kalpa]]'' is described as lasting 1,000 {{IAST\|catur-yuga}} in [[Bhagavata Purana]] 12.4.2 ("{{IAST\|catur-yuga}}")<ref>{{cite web \|title=Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (Bhāgavata Purāṇa) 12.4.2 \|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/12/4/2/ \|website=Bhaktivedanta Vedabase \|access-date=2020-05-10 \|quote=<br>{{~~transl~~\|sa\|catur-yuga-sahasraṁ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate ।<br>sa kalpo yatra manavaś caturdaśa viśām-pate ॥ 2 ॥\|italic=no}}<br>(2) One thousand cycles of four ages [{{IAST\|catur-yuga}}] constitute a single day of Brahmā, known as a kalpa. In that period, O King, fourteen Manus come and go.}}</ref> and [[Bhagavad Gita]] 8.17 ("{{IAST\|yuga}}").<ref>{{cite ~~web~~ \|title=Bhagavad-gītā As It Is 8.17 \|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/bg/8/17/ \|website=Bhaktivedanta Vedabase \|access-date=2020-05-10 \|quote=<br>{{~~transl~~\|sa\|sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ ।<br>rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te ’ho-rātra-vido janāḥ ॥ 17 ॥\|italic=no}}<br>(17) By human calculation, a thousand ages [{{IAST\|yuga}}] taken together form the duration of Brahmā’s one day. And such also is the duration of his night.}}</ref>}}		In post-Vedic texts, the words "''yuga''" and "age" commonly denote a [[Yuga Cycle\|{{IAST\|catur-yuga}}]] (pronounced ''chatur yuga''), a cycle of four world ages—for example, in the ''[[Surya Siddhanta]]'' and ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' (part of the ''Mahabharata'')—unless expressly limited by the name of one of its minor ages: ''[[Satya Yuga\|Krita (Satya) Yuga]]'', ''[[Treta Yuga]]'', ''[[Dvapara Yuga]]'', or ''[[Kali Yuga]]''.<ref name="Dictionary.com yuga"/><ref>{{cite book \|author-last=Burgess \|author-first=Rev. Ebenezer \|year=1935 \|orig-year=1st ed. 1860 \|editor-last=Gangooly \|editor-first=Phanindralal \|title=Translation of the Surya-Siddhanta, A Text-Book of Hindu Astronomy; With notes and an appendix \|url=https://archive.org/details/SuryaSiddhantaTranslation/page/n61/mode/1up\| publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] \|page=9 \|quote=The period of 4,320,000 years is ordinarily styled Great Age (mahayuga), or, as above in two instances [1.15-16], Quadruple Age (caturyuga). In the Surya-Siddhanta, however, the former term is not once found, and the latter occurs only in these verses; elsewhere, Age (yuga) alone is employed to denote it, and always denotes it, unless expressly limited by the name of the Golden (krta) Age.}}</ref>{{efn\|The general word "{{IAST\|yuga}}" is sometimes used instead of the more specific word "{{IAST\|catur-yuga}}". A ''[[Kalpa (time)\|kalpa]]'' is described as lasting 1,000 {{IAST\|catur-yuga}} in [[Bhagavata Purana]] 12.4.2 ("{{IAST\|catur-yuga}}")<ref>{{cite web \|title=Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (Bhāgavata Purāṇa) 12.4.2 \|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/12/4/2/ \|website=Bhaktivedanta Vedabase \|access-date=2020-05-10 \|quote=<br>{{Transliteration\|sa\|catur-yuga-sahasraṁ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate ।<br>sa kalpo yatra manavaś caturdaśa viśām-pate ॥ 2 ॥\|italic=no}}<br>(2) One thousand cycles of four ages [{{IAST\|catur-yuga}}] constitute a single day of Brahmā, known as a kalpa. In that period, O King, fourteen Manus come and go.}}</ref> and [[Bhagavad Gita]] 8.17 ("{{IAST\|yuga}}").<ref>{{cite Q\|Q854700 \|title=Bhagavad-gītā As It Is 8.17 \|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/bg/8/17/ \|website=Bhaktivedanta Vedabase \|access-date=2020-05-10 \|quote=<br>{{Transliteration\|sa\|sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ ।<br>rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te ’ho-rātra-vido janāḥ ॥ 17 ॥\|italic=no}}<br>(17) By human calculation, a thousand ages [{{IAST\|yuga}}] taken together form the duration of Brahmā’s one day. And such also is the duration of his night.}}</ref>}}

			The term "''yuga''" can represent the number four. In early Indian astronomy, it referred to a five-year cycle starting with the conjunction of the sun and moon in the autumnal equinox.<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://archive.org/details/YorkMichaelCushDeniseRobinsonCatherineAEncyclopediaOfHinduism/page/n1085/mode/1up \|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism \|date=2008 \|publisher=Routledge \|isbn=978-0-7007-1267-0 \|editor-last=Cush \|editor-first=Denise \|location=London; New York \|pages=1043–1044 \|oclc=ocm62133001 \|editor-last2=Robinson \|editor-first2=Catherine A. \|editor-last3=York \|editor-first3=Michael}}</ref>

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
	~~'''~~''Yuga~~'''~~'' ({{~~lang-~~sa\|युग}}) means "a [[yoke]]" (joining of two things), "generations", or "a period of time" such as an age, where its archaic spelling is ~~'''~~''yug~~'''~~'', with other forms of ~~'''~~''yugam~~'''~~'', ~~'''~~{{IAST\|yugānāṃ}}~~'''~~, and ~~'''~~''yuge~~'''~~'', derived from ~~'''~~''yuj~~'''~~'' ({{~~lang-~~sa\|युज्\|\|to join or yoke}}), believed derived from ~~'''''~~{{~~PIE~~\|yeug-}}~~'''''~~ ([[Proto-Indo-European language\|Proto-Indo-European]]: {{lit.}} 'to join or unite').<ref>{{cite web \|title=युग (yuga) \|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/युग#Sanskrit \|website=[[Wiktionary]] \|access-date=2021-02-27}}<br>{{cite web \|title=yuga \|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yuga \|website=[[Wiktionary]] \|access-date=2021-02-27}}<br>{{cite web \|title=Yuga \|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yuga \|website=Wisdom Library \|access-date=2021-02-27}}<br>{{cite web \|title=युज् (yuj) \|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/युज्#Sanskrit \|website=[[Wiktionary]] \|access-date=2021-02-27}}<br>{{cite web \|title=yeug- \|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/*yeug- \|website=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] \|access-date=2021-02-27}}<~~/ref>~~		''Yuga'' ({{langx\|sa\|युग}}) means "a [[yoke]]" (joining of two things), "generations", or "a period of time" such as an age, where its archaic spelling is ''yug'', with other forms of ''yugam'', {{IAST\|yugānāṃ}}, and ''yuge'', derived from ''yuj'' ({{langx\|sa\|युज्\|\|to join or yoke}}), believed derived from {{lang\|ine-x-proto\|yeug-}} ([[Proto-Indo-European language\|Proto-Indo-European]]: {{lit.}} 'to join or unite').<ref>{{cite web \|title=युग (yuga) \|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/युग#Sanskrit \|website=[[Wiktionary]] \|access-date=2021-02-27}}<br>{{cite web \|title=yuga \|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yuga \|website=[[Wiktionary]] \|access-date=2021-02-27}}<br>{{cite web \|title=Yuga \|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yuga \|website=Wisdom Library \|date=29 June 2012 \|access-date=2021-02-27}}<br>{{cite web \|title=युज् (yuj) \|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/युज्#Sanskrit \|website=[[Wiktionary]] \|access-date=2021-02-27}}<br>{{cite web \|title=yeug- \|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/yeug- \|website=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] \|access-date=2021-02-27}}<br>{{cite web \|title=yug \|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yug \|website=[[Wiktionary]] \|date=6 June 2022 \|access-date=2023-09-01}}</ref>

	In the [[Latin\|Latin language]], '''''juga''''' or '''''jug''''' is used from the word '''''jugum''''', which means "a yoke used to connect two oxen" (e.g. ''cali-juga'' = ''[[Kali Yuga\|kali-yuga]]'').<ref>{{cite ~~book\|author-last=Lewis Ph. D.\|author-first=Charlton T.\|author-link=Charlton Thomas Lewis\|year=1879~~\|title=~~A Latin Dictionary~~\|url=https://~~archive~~.org/~~details~~/~~latindictionaryf00andr/page/1016/mode/1up~~\|~~publisher~~=~~Oxford University Press~~\|~~page~~=~~1016~~\|~~isbn~~=~~0198642016\|quote=Jugo: in general, ''to join, connect''. Jugum: [kindred to sanskrit yuga from yug~~-~~, jungere; v. jungo], a yoke for oxen, a collar for horses.~~}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{div col \|colwidth=20em \|small=yes}}~~
	* [[Hindu units of time]]		* [[Hindu units of time]]
	** [[Kalpa (~~aeon~~)\|Kalpa]] (day of [[Brahma]])		** [[Kalpa (time)\|Kalpa]] (day of [[Brahma]])
	** [[Manvantara]] (age of [[Manu (Hinduism)\|Manu]])		** [[Manvantara]] (age of [[Manu (Hinduism)\|Manu]])
	** [[Pralaya]] (period of dissolution)		** [[Pralaya]] (period of dissolution)
	** [[Yuga Cycle]] (four [[yuga]] ages): [[Satya Yuga\|Satya (Krita)]], [[Treta Yuga\|Treta]], [[Dvapara Yuga\|Dvapara]], and [[Kali Yuga\|Kali]]		** [[Yuga Cycle]] (four yuga ages): [[Satya Yuga\|Satya (Krita)]], [[Treta Yuga\|Treta]], [[Dvapara Yuga\|Dvapara]], and [[Kali Yuga\|Kali]]
	* [[List of numbers in Hindu scriptures]]		* [[List of numbers in Hindu scriptures]]
	~~{{div col end}}~~

	==~~Notes~~==		== Explanatory notes ==
	{{Notelist~~\|30em~~}}		{{Notelist}}

	==References==		==References==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* [http://veda.wikidot.com/vedic-time-system ~~vedic knowledge online, ''~~Vedic Time System '']		* [http://veda.wikidot.com/vedic-time-system#toc8 Vedic Time System: Yuga]

	{{Calendars}}		{{Calendars}}
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	{{Brahmanda}}		{{Brahmanda}}

			[[Category:Four Yugas]]
	[[Category:Hindu astronomy]]		[[Category:Hindu astronomy]]
	[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]		[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]
			[[Category:Time in Hinduism]]
	[[Category:Units of time]]		[[Category:Units of time]]
	~~[[Category:Theories of history]]~~
	~~[[Category:Time in Hinduism]]~~
	~~[[Category:Four Yugas\| ]]~~

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{{short description|Age or era in Hinduism}}
{{About||the 2006 film|Yuga (film)}}
{{About||the cycle|Yuga Cycle}}

A '''''yuga''''', in [[Hinduism]], is generally used to indicate an age of time.<ref name="Dictionary.com yuga">{{Dictionary.com|yuga|access-date=2021-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-last=Sundarraj|author-first=M.|year=1997|orig-year=1st ed. 1994|editor-last=Mahalingam|editor-first=Dr. N.|editor-link=N. Mahalingam|chapter=Ch. 4 Asvins⁠—Time-Keepers|title=RG Vedic Studies|url=https://archive.org/details/rigvedicstudiessundarrajm.ed.mahalingamn._202003/page/n252/mode/1up|location=[[Coimbatore]]|publisher=[[Sakthi Group|Rukmani Offset Press]]|page=219|quote=It is quite clear that the smallest unit was the 'nimisah' ['winking of eyes'], and that time in the general sense of past, present and future was indicated by the word 'yuga'.}}</ref>

In the ''[[Rigveda]]'', a ''yuga'' refers to generations, a long period, a very brief period, or a [[yoke]] (joining of two things).<ref>{{cite journal |author-last=Kane |author-first=P. V.|author-link=Pandurang Vaman Kane|date=September 1936|editor-last1=Sukthankar|editor-first1=Dr. V. S.|editor-link1=Vishnu Sitaram Sukthankar|editor-last2=Fyzee|editor-first2=A. A. A.|editor-link2=Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee|editor-last3=Bhagwat|editor-first3=Prof. N. K.|title=Kalivarjya (actions forbidden in the Kali Age)|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281640/page/n199/mode/1up|journal=Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society|volume=12|publisher=[[The Asiatic Society of Mumbai|The Asiatic Society of Bombay]]|pages=1–2|quote=The word yuga occurs at least thirty-eight times in the Rgveda, but the meaning is rather doubtful. In a few places yuga means yoke ... In many places it appears to refer to a very brief period ... Generally yuga appears to mean in the Rigveda 'generation' (lessening the life of human generations) ... In other places 'yuga' must be given the sense of a 'long period of time' ...}}</ref> In the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the words ''yuga'' and ''[[Kalpa (aeon)|kalpa]]'' (a day of [[Brahma]]) are used interchangeably to describe the cycle of creation and destruction.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=González-Reimann |author-first=Luis |year=2018 |title=Cosmic Cycles, Cosmology, and Cosmography |editor1-last=Basu |editor1-first=Helene |editor2-last=Jacobsen |editor2-first=Knut A. |editor3-last=Malinar |editor3-first=Angelika |editor4-last=Narayanan |editor4-first=Vasudha |encyclopedia=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism |location=[[Leiden]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |volume=2 |doi=10.1163/2212-5019_BEH_COM_1020020 |isbn=978-90-04-17641-6 |issn=2212-5019 |page=415 |quote=The cycle [of creation and destruction] is either called a yuga (MBh. 1.1.28; 12.327.89; 13.135.11), a kalpa, meaning a formation or a creation (MBh. 6.31.7 [= BhG. 9.7]; 12.326.70; 12.327.23), or a day of the brahman, or of Brahmā, the creator god (MBh. 12.224.28–31). Sometimes, it is simply referred to as the process of creation and destruction (saṃhāravikṣepa; MBh. 12.271.30, 40, 43, 47–49).}}</ref>

The names "''Yuga''" and "Age" commonly denote a [[Yuga Cycle|{{IAST|catur-yuga}}]] (pronounced ''Chatur Yuga''), a cycle of four world ages, for example, in the ''[[Surya Siddhanta]]'' and ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' (part of the ''Mahabharata''), unless expressly limited by the name of one of its minor ages: ''[[Satya Yuga|Krita (Satya) Yuga]]'', ''[[Treta Yuga]]'', ''[[Dvapara Yuga]]'', or ''[[Kali Yuga]]''.<ref name="Dictionary.com yuga"/><ref>{{cite book |author-last=Burgess |author-first=Rev. Ebenezer |year=1935 |orig-year=1st ed. 1860 |editor-last=Gangooly |editor-first=Phanindralal |title=Translation of the Surya-Siddhanta, A Text-Book of Hindu Astronomy; With notes and an appendix |url=https://archive.org/details/SuryaSiddhantaTranslation/page/n61/mode/1up| publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |page=9 |quote=The period of 4,320,000 years is ordinarily styled Great Age (mahayuga), or, as above in two instances [1.15-16], Quadruple Age (caturyuga). In the Surya-Siddhanta, however, the former term is not once found, and the latter occurs only in these verses; elsewhere, Age (yuga) alone is employed to denote it, and always denotes it, unless expressly limited by the name of the Golden (krta) Age.}}</ref>{{efn|The general word "{{IAST|yuga}}" is sometimes used instead of the more specific word "{{IAST|catur-yuga}}". A ''[[Kalpa (aeon)|kalpa]]'' is described as lasting 1,000 {{IAST|catur-yuga}} in [[Bhagavata Purana]] 12.4.2 ("{{IAST|catur-yuga}}")<ref>{{cite web |title=Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (Bhāgavata Purāṇa) 12.4.2 |url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/12/4/2/ |website=Bhaktivedanta Vedabase |access-date=2020-05-10 |quote= {{transl|sa|catur-yuga-sahasraṁ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate । sa kalpo yatra manavaś caturdaśa viśām-pate ॥ 2 ॥|italic=no}} (2) One thousand cycles of four ages [{{IAST|catur-yuga}}] constitute a single day of Brahmā, known as a kalpa. In that period, O King, fourteen Manus come and go.}}</ref> and [[Bhagavad Gita]] 8.17 ("{{IAST|yuga}}").<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhagavad-gītā As It Is 8.17 |url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/bg/8/17/ |website=Bhaktivedanta Vedabase |access-date=2020-05-10 |quote= {{transl|sa|sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ । rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te ’ho-rātra-vido janāḥ ॥ 17 ॥|italic=no}} (17) By human calculation, a thousand ages [{{IAST|yuga}}] taken together form the duration of Brahmā’s one day. And such also is the duration of his night.}}</ref>}}

==Etymology==
'''''Yuga''''' ({{lang-sa|युग}}) means "a [[yoke]]" (joining of two things), "generations", or "a period of time" such as an age, where its archaic spelling is '''''yug''''', with other forms of '''''yugam''''', '''{{IAST|yugānāṃ}}''', and '''''yuge''''', derived from '''''yuj''''' ({{lang-sa|युज्||to join or yoke}}), believed derived from '''''{{PIE|*yeug-}}''''' ([[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]: {{lit.}} 'to join or unite').<ref>{{cite web |title=युग (yuga) |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/युग#Sanskrit |website=[[Wiktionary]] |access-date=2021-02-27}} {{cite web |title=yuga |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yuga |website=[[Wiktionary]] |access-date=2021-02-27}} {{cite web |title=Yuga |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/yuga |website=Wisdom Library |access-date=2021-02-27}} {{cite web |title=युज् (yuj) |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/युज्#Sanskrit |website=[[Wiktionary]] |access-date=2021-02-27}} {{cite web |title=*yeug- |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/*yeug- |website=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] |access-date=2021-02-27}}</ref>

In the [[Latin|Latin language]], '''''juga''''' or '''''jug''''' is used from the word '''''jugum''''', which means "a yoke used to connect two oxen" (e.g. ''cali-juga'' = ''[[Kali Yuga|kali-yuga]]'').<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Lewis Ph. D.|author-first=Charlton T.|author-link=Charlton Thomas Lewis|year=1879|title=A Latin Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/latindictionaryf00andr/page/1016/mode/1up|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=1016|isbn=0198642016|quote=Jugo: in general, ''to join, connect''. Jugum: [kindred to sanskrit yuga from yug-, jungere; v. jungo], a yoke for oxen, a collar for horses.}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col |colwidth=20em |small=yes}}
* [[Hindu units of time]]
** [[Kalpa (aeon)|Kalpa]] (day of [[Brahma]])
** [[Manvantara]] (age of [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]])
** [[Pralaya]] (period of dissolution)
** [[Yuga Cycle]] (four [[yuga]] ages): [[Satya Yuga|Satya (Krita)]], [[Treta Yuga|Treta]], [[Dvapara Yuga|Dvapara]], and [[Kali Yuga|Kali]]
* [[List of numbers in Hindu scriptures]]
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://veda.wikidot.com/vedic-time-system vedic knowledge online, ''Vedic Time System '']

{{Calendars}}
{{Time in religion and mythology}}
{{Brahmanda}}

[[Category:Hindu astronomy]]
[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Units of time]]
[[Category:Theories of history]]
[[Category:Time in Hinduism]]
[[Category:Four Yugas| ]]