LouieWebb342: creating

2026-04-09T10:37:05Z

creating

New page

{{short description|none}}

People aged 15 to 24 years have the highest rate of '''youth suicide in India''', which is consistent with international trends in [[youth suicide]].<ref name="Gupta">{{Cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=Snehil|last2=Basera|first2=Devendra|date=2021-09-10|title=Youth Suicide in India: A Critical Review and Implication for the National Suicide Prevention Policy|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00302228211045169|journal=OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying|volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=245–273|doi=10.1177/00302228211045169|pmid=34505537 |s2cid=237472389 |issn=0030-2228|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Of all recorded [[suicides in India]], 35% occur in this age group.<ref name="Gupta" /> [[Risk factors for suicide|Risk factors]] and [[Suicide methods|methods]] in this cohort differ from those in other age groups.<ref name="Gupta" /><ref name="NCRB">{{cite book |title=Accidental deaths & suicides in India 2019 |date=20 January 2022 |publisher=National Crime Records Bureau |location=New Delhi |url=https://ncrb.gov.in/en/accidental-deaths-suicides-india-2019 |access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref>

== Statistics ==
Recorded annual youth suicide rates in India are 80 per 100,000 in females and 34 per 100,000 in males (compared to 10.4 per 100,000 in the general Indian population).<ref name="Gupta" /> These reported figures are estimated to be six crore to eight lakh thousand crore under-estimates of the true incidence.<ref name="Gupta" />

Surveys of high school students in India estimate prevalence of [[suicidal ideation]] at 6–22%, and of suicide attempts at 0.39–8%.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sharma|first1=Rahul|last2=Grover|first2=VijayL|last3=Chaturvedi|first3=Sanjay|date=2008|title=Suicidal behavior amongst adolescent students in south Delhi|journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry|volume=50|issue=1|pages=30–33|doi=10.4103/0019-5545.39756|pmid=19771304 |pmc=2745855 |issn=0019-5545 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A survey conducted in 2009 found that 3.9% of young people have exhibited some suicidal behavior.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pillai|first1=A.|last2=Andrews|first2=T.|last3=Patel|first3=V.|date=2008-08-24|title=Violence, psychological distress and the risk of suicidal behaviour in young people in India|journal=International Journal of Epidemiology|volume=38|issue=2|pages=459–469|doi=10.1093/ije/dyn166|pmid=18725364 |issn=0300-5771|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Risk factors ==

=== Biological risk factors ===
Young age is itself a risk factor for suicide.<ref name="Gupta" /> Developmental changes during youth lead to psychological changes and greater impulsivity.<ref name ="Bridge">{{Cite journal|last=Bridge|first=Jeff|title=2.1 Recent National Trends in Youth Suicide and Suicidal Behavior |date=October 2020|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.554|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry|volume=59|issue=10|pages=S268|doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.554|s2cid=241542299 |issn=0890-8567|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

The risk of suicide for young female adults is higher than that of males. This may be mediated by [[#Socio-environmental_factors|social factors]] in addition to biology.<ref name = "Vijayakumar">{{Cite journal|last1=Vijayakumar|first1=Lakshmi|last2=John|first2=Sujit|last3=Pirkis|first3=Jane|last4=Whiteford|first4=Harvey|date=May 2005|title=Suicide in Developing Countries (2)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.26.3.112|journal=Crisis|volume=26|issue=3|pages=112–119|doi=10.1027/0227-5910.26.3.112|pmid=16276753 |issn=0227-5910|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

=== Psychological factors ===
Negative [[Affect (psychology)|affect]], such as low [[self-esteem]] and hopelessness, tends to increase the risk of suicide in young adults.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Czyz|first1=Ewa K.|last2=Berona|first2=Johnny|last3=King|first3=Cheryl A.|date=2014-09-29|title=A Prospective Examination of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior Among Psychiatric Adolescent Inpatients|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12125|journal=Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior|volume=45|issue=2|pages=243–259|doi=10.1111/sltb.12125|pmid=25263410 |pmc=5036446 |hdl=2027.42/111102 |issn=0363-0234}}</ref> Strategies such as active problem solving and distraction help to protect against suicide, but maladaptive [[Coping|coping strategies]] increase the risk.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pisani|first1=Anthony R.|last2=Wyman|first2=Peter A.|last3=Petrova|first3=Mariya|last4=Schmeelk-Cone|first4=Karen|last5=Goldston|first5=David B.|last6=Xia|first6=Yinglin|last7=Gould|first7=Madelyn S.|date=2012-12-18|title=Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Youth–Adult Relationships, and Suicide Attempts Among High School Students in Underserved Communities|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9884-2|journal=Journal of Youth and Adolescence|volume=42|issue=6|pages=807–820|doi=10.1007/s10964-012-9884-2|pmid=23666604 |pmc=3654393 |issn=0047-2891}}</ref>

Impulsivity is a psychological factor seen to increase the risk of suicidality in young adults. It has been seen that impulsivity when combined with aggression tends to cause suicide ideation in male youth.<ref name="Gupta" />

=== Socio-environmental factors ===
{{See also|Suicide and trauma}}
Trauma and discrimination are strong risk factors for suicide in youth. Sexual, physical and emotional abuse are all associated with increased risk of suicide,<ref name = "Gibb">{{Cite journal|last1=Gibb|first1=Brandon E.|last2=Alloy|first2=Lauren B.|last3=Abramson|first3=Lyn Y.|last4=Rose|first4=Donna T.|last5=Whitehouse|first5=Wayne G.|last6=Hogan|first6=Michael E.|date=December 2001|title=Childhood Maltreatment and College Students' Current Suicidal Ideation: A Test of the Hopelessness Theory|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.31.4.405.22042|journal=Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior|volume=31|issue=4|pages=405–415|doi=10.1521/suli.31.4.405.22042|pmid=11775716 |issn=0363-0234|url-access=subscription}}</ref> as are experience of bullying<ref name = "Gibb" /> and loneliness.<ref name="Gupta" />

Experience of discrimination increases incidence of suicide compared to the general population.<ref name = "Nath">{{Cite journal|last1=Nath|first1=Yogini|last2=Paris|first2=Joel|last3=Thombs|first3=Brett|last4=Kirmayer|first4=Laurence|date=2011-06-01|title=Prevalence and social determinants of suicidal behaviours among college youth in India|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764011401164|journal=International Journal of Social Psychiatry|volume=58|issue=4|pages=393–399|doi=10.1177/0020764011401164|pmid=21632571 |s2cid=25414662 |issn=0020-7640|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This is reflected in greater rates of suicide among members of certain castes and religious minorities.<ref name="Nath" /> Discrimination based on gender orientation and sexuality is also a risk factor for suicide in youth in India.<ref name="Gupta" />

Social and environmental factors contribute to the observed sex difference in prevalence. Abuse and [[intimate partner violence]] are associated with suicide.<ref name="Vijayakumar" /> In 2019, 1400 deaths by suicide were reported as related to a [[dowry]].<ref name="NCRB" /> Young women may also experience more economic instability and greater stigma associated with mental ill-health.<ref name="Vijayakumar" />

== Interventions ==
{{See also|Suicide Prevention and Intervention in India}}
Evidence for interventions to prevent youth suicide in India suggests that a combination of individual therapy, family therapy and peer support system is needed.<ref name="Gupta" /> Broader public awareness interventions are advocated, rather than a focus on mental health and counselling.<ref name="Vijayakumar" />

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Suicide in India]]
[[Category:Youth suicides|-]]

[https://www.jagran.com/news/national-student-suicide-cases-increasing-compared-to-total-suicides-know-what-children-indicate-first-and-measures-jprime-23404807.html Student Suicides In India-Hindi, SK Singh, Jagran Prime]
[https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/student-suicides-in-india-how-to-recognise-signs-of-stress-in-children-experts-specials-10078235 Student Suicides In India-English, SK Singh, Jagran Prime]

Youth suicide in India - Revision history

LouieWebb342: creating