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{{Short description|Overview of spring season in Meitei civilization}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Redirect|Spring season in Meitei culture|the spring in mainland Indian culture|Vasanta (season)|other uses|Basant (disambiguation){{!}}Basant}}

[[File:Divine female personification of Yenningtha ("spring season" in Meitei language) in Meitei mythology and folklore of Kangleipak (Manipur).jpg|thumb|Divine female [[personification]] of Yenning-tha (spring season) in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei folklore|folklore]]]]

'''Yenning-tha''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯌꯦꯟꯅꯤꯡꯊꯥ}}), also known as '''Yening-tha''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯌꯦꯅꯤꯡꯊꯥ}}), refers to the [[Spring (season)|spring season]] in [[Meitei language]]. It is one of the seasons in the [[Meitei calendar]] of [[Ancient Kangleipak]] (early [[Manipur]]). It plays an important role in different elements of the [[Meitei culture]], including but not limited to [[Meitei festivals]], [[Meitei folklore]], [[Meitei folktales]], [[history of Manipur|Meitei history]], [[Meitei literature]], [[Meitei mythology]], [[Meitei proverbs]], [[traditional Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]]), etc.<ref>The 10 Days - A Revelation: The Escape From Death. N.p.: N.P., 2016.</ref>

Yenning-tha is viewed as ''"the season of new sprouts; it is symbolic of new beginnings, new hopes and dreams"''. Multiple people refer to Yenning-tha as the season of new beginnings. It's seen as a sign of better times ahead and is linked to positive energy (including effervescent youthful spirit). It is considered as just opposite of the [[Naken-tha]] (autumn season).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Autumn Sentiment Sensibilities and the Maangang By Rekha Konsam|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.arts.Autumn_Sentiment_Sensibilities_and_the_Maangang_By_Rekha_Konsam|access-date=2025-03-01|website=e-pao.net|quote=In Manipuri culture, spring is yenningtha, the season of new sprouts; it is symbolical of new beginnings, new hopes and dreams... Much has been said about spring or yenningtha as the season of re-awakening, a harbinger of hopefully good times and associated with positive energy. The effervescent youthful spirit of spring is qualitatively different from the calm of autumn.}}</ref>

== Overview ==
According to "Manipuri Language Studies", Yenning-tha is explained as follows:
{{quote|''yen is often shortened to ye (/n/ dropping) when it is compounded with another [[morpheme]] that begins with a /n/, /m/ or /i/ and follows it. ... The compound of ye (leaf) and ning (butt or buttocks), yening literally means the butt of a leaf, the butt-like projection of a leaf that emerges at the axil (the upper angle between a leaf or petiole and the stem, or between a branch and the trunk) in early spring, which is bud in English. Yening does not usually occur alone. It it often found in the phrases yening hunba ((of a tree) to bring forth new leaves in spring season and yeningtha (sping{{sic}} season, the months when trees bring forth new leaves and flowers bloom). When yeningtha begins, yenou or new/young leaves (ye meaning leaf and nou meaning new) emerges on trees, shrubs and other perennial plants that have been bare since the fall. Young leaves breaking forth in early spring is called yenou chongba or yenou hunba.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meaning of "ye(n)" in "yening" etc.|url=https://manipuri.boards.net/thread/2/meaning-ye-yening-etc|website=Manipuri Language Studies}}</ref>}}

== In Meitei festivals ==
[[Yaoshang]], a popular [[Meitei festival]] is annually celebrated during the spring season.<ref>KANGLA LANPUNG VOLUME XII ISSUE I: Summer 2018. N.p.: RK Sanatomba Memorial Trust, Imphal, Manipur, 2018. p. 81</ref>

The precincts of a temple (not different from the annual agricultural cycle) are related to the several Rasa dance forms of the classical [[Manipuri dance]]. According to Meitei traditions, the spring season gives rise to the Basanta rasa and the autumnal to the Maha rasa.<ref>Vatsyayan, Kapila. A Study of Some Traditions of Performing Arts in Eastern India: Margi and Desi Polarities : Banikanta Kakati Memorial Lectures, 1976. India: Department of Publication, University of Gauhati, 1981. p. 60</ref>

A seven-day Manipuri Solo Dance festival “Okchari Yeningtha” was organized by the Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy (JNMDA), Imphal in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=NEA News|date=2021-02-21|title=Manipuri solo dance festival 'Okchari Yeningtha' begins|url=https://thenortheastaffairs.com/manipuri-solo-dance-festival-okchari-yeningtha-begins/|access-date=2025-03-01|website=Latest News, Manipur News, Breaking News of Northeast, India News, World News {{!}} The Northeast Affairs {{!}} The NEA|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Solo dance fest kicks off : 22nd feb21 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=14..220221.feb21|access-date=2025-03-01|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== In Meitei literature {{anchor|In Meitei mythology and folklore}} ==
=== The Kumdamsei ===
{{main|Kumdamsei}}
The [[Meitei language]] poem Kumdamsei has a musical rhythm. It talks about the spring season representing a new start. It shows that Earth is full of life again. The sun brings a new day and spreads light over the villages. This gives hope and inspires people to connect emotionally with the ancient Meitei way of life.<ref name=":Taylor&Francis_Kumdamsei">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DEZ1EAAAQBAJ&dq=kumdamsei&pg=PT169|title=Northeast India Through the Ages: A Transdisciplinary Perspective on Prehistory, History, and Oral History|last=Bhattacharyya|first=Rituparna|date=2022-07-29|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-000-62390-1|location=India|pages=169, 170|language=en}}</ref>

Seasonal changes show the natural order of the universe. The changing seasons are like the stages of a person’s life: from birth to adulthood, old age, and death. This reminds people that death is a natural part of life.<ref name=":Taylor&Francis_Kumdamsei" />
The seasons also help people learn about celestial events. This helps make a calendar for farmers. The calendar tells them when to plant their crops. Without it, farming would be hard to manage.<ref name=":Taylor&Francis_Kumdamsei" />
=== The Leiron ===
The [[Meitei language]] text Leiron talks about the spring season as follows:
{{quote|The swamp now presents a spectacle of teeming tender grass. The field is pointed green with young shoots...<ref>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: K to Navalram. India: Sahitya Akademi. 1987. p. 2494. ISBN 978-0-8364-2283-2.</ref>}}

=== Others ===
Yenningtha Nangna Khongdoi Hullakpasida is a [[Meitei language]] poetry book authored by Borkanya.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465638/page/n6/mode/thumb|title=Yenningtha Nangna Khongdoi Hullakpasida|last=Borkanya|date=2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQ8EEQAAQBAJ&dq=yeningtha&pg=PT109|title=Crafting the Word: Writings from Manipur|last=Samom|first=Thingnam Anjulika|date=2019-12-10|publisher=Zubaan|isbn=978-93-85932-97-7|pages=109|language=en}}</ref>
She was honoured with the 3rd State Award for Literature, 2010 for the book.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Literary award for Borkeinya|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=9..260211.feb11|access-date=2025-03-01|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Literary award for Borkeinya ~ E-Pao! News About Manipur|url=https://e-pao.net/epPrinter.asp?p2p=news&src=9..260211.feb11&sNStart=%3C!EpnNews9%3E&sNEnd=%3C!EpnNews9End%3E&sHead=%3C!EpnHeading9%3E&sHeadEnd=%3C!EpnHeading9End%3E|access-date=2025-03-01|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

Yeningtha, published by Young Writers' Forum, Imphal, was successful in creating taste for [[Meitei language]] magazines in the intelligentsia.<ref>Kirti Singh, Moirangthem. Religion and Culture of Manipur. India: Manas Publications, 1988. p. 162</ref><ref>The Beautiful India - Manipur. India: Ess Ess Publications, 2006. p. 219</ref>

== References ==
{{Notelist}}

* {{Cite web|last=Admin|first=IT Web|date=2024-02-29|title="A New Spring Season" (A New Array in Manipuri Theatre)|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/guest-column/a-new-spring-season-a-new-array-in-manipuri-theatre/|access-date=2025-03-01|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}
{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:Meitei literature]]
[[Category:Meitei festivals]]
[[Category:Seasons]]
[[Category:Spring (season)]]

Yenning-tha - Revision history

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