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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Coord|13.102714|N|77.593775|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
[[File:YelahankaKere.jpg|thumb|326x326px|A view of Yelahanka Lake. Picture courtesy: [[commons:File:YelahankaKere.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]] ]]
[[Yelahanka]] is a locality in North [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]. The historical administrative unit, '''Yelahanka Naadu''', is mentioned variously in inscriptions as ''Ilaipakka'', ''Elava'', and ''Yelavaka'', all corresponding to Yelahanka. The settlement had been in existence prior to the 12th century. During the Chola rule, the region was referred to as ''Ilaipakka Naadu'' in Tamil. An inscription dated 1267 CE, discovered in [[Doddaballapura|Doddaballapur]], mentions Dechi Devarasa ruling the region with Yelahanka as his capital under the aegis of the [[Hoysala]] monarch [[Narasimha III#:~:text=Narasimha III (r.,ruler of the Hoysala Empire.&text=During his reign, an internal,attacked the Hoysala capital Dwarasamudra.|Narasimha III]]. Later, during the Hoysala period, the city came to be known as ''Elavanka'', which gradually evolved into Yelahanka.<ref>Shaasana Parishodhane by Dr M.G. Manjunaatha, Dept. of Kannada, Mysuru Univ.</ref>

T. V. Annaswamy, in his book ''Bengaluru to Bangalore'', suggests that the name Yelahanka is derived from the word ''Valipakka'', meaning "along the highway".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/the-origins-of-bengaluru-city-is-closely-linked-to-yelahanka/articleshow/53204643.cms?from=mdr|title=The origins of Bengaluru city is closely linked to Yelahanka|first=Divya|last=Shekhar|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=14 July 2016}}</ref> Yelahanka also holds historical importance as it was the seat of power of the feudal chiefs of the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Karnataka Empire]], known as the Yelahanka Mahanaadaprabhus, to whom [[Kempe Gowda I|Kempegowda]] belonged. It is believed that Hiriya Kempegowda built a fort in the locality; however, the only surviving reference today is toponymic, in the form of a road named ''Kote Beedi'' (meaning "fort road" in Kannada).

The suffix ''naadu'' referred to a historical administrative unit, with states divided into ''naadu'', which were further subdivided into ''seeme''. Present-day Yelahanka houses four [[Kannada Script|Kannada]] inscriptions, which have been documented in Volume 9 of [[Epigraphia Carnatica|''Epigraphia Caranatica'']] and in the ''Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society''.

== [[Yelahanka]] 1410 CE Macherusha Setti [[Deep Jyoti Stambha|Deepamaale]] Kamba inscription ==
{{Infobox artifact
| name = Yelahanka 1410 CE Macherusha Setti Venugopalaswamy Deepamale Kamba inscription
| image = Digital Image of the Yelahanka 1410CE Macherusha Setti Venugopalaswamy Deepamale Kamba Inscription.png
| image_size = 250
| image_caption = Digital image of the Yelahanka 1410 CE Macherusha Setti Venugopalaswamy Deepamale Kamba inscription
| material = Stone
| height = {{convert|96|cm|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|96|cm|abbr=on}}
| writing = Kannada
| discovered_date = 1902
| discovered_by = B L Rice
| location = {{coord|13.102714|77.593775}}
| language = Kannada
| created = {{start date and age|df=yes|1410|9|11|p=yes|br=yes}}
| website = https://mythicsociety.github.io/AksharaBhandara/#/learn/Shasanagalu?id=115066
}}

The inscription, dated 1410 CE, records the donation of a [[Deep Jyoti Stambha|''Deepamale'']] pillar by Macherusha Setti, son of Bommana Setti, during the reign of King [[Deva Raya I|Devaraya]] of the Vijayanagara Empire (also referred to as the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Karnataka Empire]]). A ''Deepamale'' is a stone pillar usually erected in front of Hindu temples, fitted with multiple lamp niches, and used for lighting lamps during festivals and special occasions.

The inscription identifies Bommana Setti as ''Dashagana Bommana Setti''. The term ''Dashagana'' is a compound word, with ''dasha'' meaning "ten" and ''gana'' referring to a traditional oil extraction unit, suggesting that he may have owned ten such units. The surname ''Setti'' (also rendered ''Shetty'') was historically associated with mercantile and trading communities in [[South India]] and continues to be used today among groups such as the [[Komati (caste)|Komatis]], [[Nagarathar]]s, and other traditional trading communities.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/udayakumarp.l/docs/stoneinscriptionsofbangalore|title=StoneInscriptionsOfBangalore by Udaya Kumar P.L - Issuu|date=20 August 2017|website=issuu.com}}</ref>

=== Physical characteristics ===

=== Transliterations of the inscription ===
The inscription was documented in [[Epigraphia Carnatica|''Epigraphia Caranatica'']], and later reinterpreted by the Mythic Society.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiacarnat09myso/page/n70/mode/1up | title=Epigraphia carnatica. By B. Lewis Rice, Director of Archaeological Researches in Mysore | date=1894 | publisher=Bangalore Mysore Govt. Central Press }}</ref>

Digital images of the inscription, individual characters, transliterations, and related information have been made available through the Akshara Bhandara software.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಭಂಡಾರ |url=https://mythicsociety.github.io/AksharaBhandara/#/learn/Shasanagalu?id=115066 |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=mythicsociety.github.io}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Line
Number
![[Kannada script|Kannada]]
![[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]
|-
|1
|ಸ್ವಸ್ತಿಶ್ರೀ ಶಕವರ್ಷ ಸಾವಿಱದ ಮೂನೂಱ ಮೂವತಮೂಱನೆ
|svastiśrī śakavarṣa sāviṟada mūnūṟa mūvatamūṟanĕ
|-
|2
|ವಿಕ್ರುತ ಸಂವದರದ ಬಾದ್ರಪದ ಶುದ್ಧ ತ್ರಯೋದಶೆಯೂ ಗು
|vikruta saṃvadarada bādrapada śuddha trayodaśĕyū gu
|-
|3
|ರುವಾರದಲು ರಾಜಧಿರಾಜ ರಾಜಪರಮೇಶ್ವರ ಶ್ರೀ
|ruvāradalu rājadhirāja rājaparameśvara śri
|-
|4
|ವೀರದೇವರಾಯ ಒಡೆಯರು ಸಕಲ ಸಾಂಬ್ರಾಜ್ಯವ
|vīradevarāya ŏḍĕyaru sakala sāṃbrājyava
|-
|5
|ನಾಳುವ ಕಾಲದಲು ಬೊಂಮಂಣ ಅಯ್ಯಗಳ
|nāluva kāladalu bŏṃmaṃṇa ayyagal ̤ a
|-
|6
|ಧಂರ್ಮ್ಮ ದಶಗಾಣದ ಬೊಮಂಣ್ನಸೆಟ್ಟಿಯ ಮಗ ಮಾಚೆರೂ
|dhaṃrmma daśagāṇada bŏmaṃṇnasĕṭṭiya maga mācĕrū
|-
|7
|ಶ ಸೆಟ್ಟಿಯರು ಮಾಡಿಸಿದ ದೀಪಮಾಲೆಯ ಕಂಭಕ್ಕೆ ಮಂಗಳ ಮಹಾಶ್ರೀ
|śa sĕṭṭiyaru māḍisida dīpamālĕya kaṃbhakkĕ maṃgala mahāśrī
|}

== [[Yelahanka]] 1440 CE Hanumanta Devara Garudakamba inscription ==
{{Infobox artifact
| name = Yelahanka 1440 CE Hanumanta Devara Garudakamba inscription
| image = Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Yelahanka 1440CE Hanumanta Devara Garudakamba Inscription 1.png
| image_size = 150
| image_caption = Digital image obtained by 3D scanning of the Yelahanka 1440 CE Hanumanta Devara Garudakamba inscription
| image2 = Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Yelahanka 1440CE Hanumanta Devara Garudakamba Inscription 2.png
| image2_size = 150
| image2_caption = Digital image obtained by 3D scanning of the Yelahanka 1440 CE Hanumanta Devara Garudakamba inscription
| material = Stone
| height = {{convert|38|cm|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|114|cm|abbr=on}}
| writing = Kannada
| created = 1440CE
| discovered_date = 2022
| discovered_by = The Mythic Society-Bengaluru Inscription 3D Digital Conservation Project
| location = {{coord|13.102714|77.593775}}
| language = Knnada
}}

The inscription, dated to 1440 CE, records the construction of a ''Garudakamba'' (pillar) for a Hanumantha temple by a merchant (''setti''). A ''Garudakamba'' is a type of pillar often installed in front of temples, dedicated to [[Garuda]] or used as a ritual marker, and frequently associated with [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] temple architecture. The record also mentions the reign of King [[Deva Raya I|Devaraya]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] (also known as the Karnataka Empire).

Much of the text has been effaced, making parts of the record unreadable. The inscription makes reference to [[Shivanasamudra Falls|Shivanasamudra]], which some scholars interpret as an allusion to present-day [[Hesaraghatta Lake|Hesaraghatta]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.karnataka.com/bangalore/kannada-inscriptions-of-bangalore/|title=Kannada Inscriptions of Bangalore - Tracing History One Stone At A Time|date=28 May 2018|website=Karnataka.com}}</ref> It is interesting to note that inscription refers to a Hanumantha temple and the temple today is known as a Sri Venugopala Swamy temple.<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/qjms-vol-113-2-2022-43-undocumented-bengaluru-inscriptions/page/160/mode/1up | title=Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions | date=April 2022 }}</ref> It is also of note that while the inscription refers to a Hanumantha temple, the site is presently associated with the Sri Venugopala Swamy Temple.

=== Physical characteristics ===
The first side of the inscription measures 38 cm in height and 114 cm in width, while the second side measures 39 cm in height and 96 cm in width. The Kannada characters are approximately 4.2 cm tall, 4.3 cm wide, and 0.15 cm deep.{{fact|date=June 2025}}

=== Transliterations of the inscription ===
The inscription was first documented and published in the ''Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society''.<ref name="auto"/>
{| class="wikitable"
!Line
Number
![[Kannada script|Kannada]]
![[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]
|-
! colspan="3" |One Side
|-
|1
|ಸ್ವಸ್ತಶ್ರೀ ಸಕವ . . .1303(?). ನೆಯ ರೌದ್ರಿ ಸಂವತ್ಸರದ ಪ್ರಥ. . .(ಮ?)
|svastasri sakava . . 1303(?) . néya raudri samvatsarada pratha .(ma?)
|-
|2
|. . . . . . ಶ್ರೀಮನ್ ಮಹಾರಾಜಾಧಿರಾಜ ರಾಜ. . . . . .
|. . . . . .sriman maharajadhiraja raja. . . . .
|-
|3
|. . . . . . . . . . ವರು. . . . . . . ಜದಿ(ಧಿ)
|. . . . . . .varu . . . . jadi(dhi)
|-
|4
|. . . .. . . . ಶ್ರೀವೀರ ಪ್ರತಾಪ ದೇವರಾಯ ಮಹಾರಾಯ. . . . .
|. . . . . .srivira pratapa devaraya maharaya. . . . . .
|-
|5
|. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
|. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
|-
|6
|. . . . . . . . . . . ಹಿ(?)ರಿಯಕೆ. . . . . . . ..
|. . . . . . . . . . . hi(?)riyake . . . . . . . ..
|-
! colspan="3" |Second Side
|-
|7
|. . . . .ದಿನಾಶಿವನಸಮುದ್ರದ. . . . . ರ. ಹ(?). . . . . .
|. . . . . .dinasivanasamudrada. . . . . ra.ha(?). . . . . .
|-
|8
|ಯ ಸೆಟ್ಟಿಯ ಮಗ . . . .ಸೆಟ್ಟಿ
|ya settiya maga . . . .setti
|-
|9
|. . . . . .ಶ್ರೀ ಹನುಮಂತ ದೇವರ . . . . . .
|. . . . . .Srl hanumamta devara. . . . . .
|-
|10
|. . . . . . . . . . .ಥ (ದ?). . . . . . .
|. . . . . . . . . . .tha(da?). . . . . . .
|-
|11
|ಕಂಬ ಈ ಕಂಬವನು ಮಾಡಿದ. . . . . . . .
|kamba yi kambavanu madida. . . . . . . .
|-
|12
|. . . . . . . . . . . .ಮಂಗಳ ಮಹಾಶ್ರೀ ಶ್ರೀ ಶ್ರೀ
|. . . . . . . . . . . .mamgala mahasri Sri Sri
|}

== [[Yelahanka]] 14th Century CE Tamil inscription ==
The Yelahanka 14th century CE inscription is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] epigraph written in [[Grantha script|Grantha]] characters. As much of the text published is incomplete, the full meaning of the inscription cannot be determined. The present physical status of the inscription is not known. It was first documented in Volume 9 of [[Epigraphia Carnatica|''Epigraphia Caranatica'']].<ref name="auto1"/>

=== Transliterations of the inscription ===
The transliteration of the text, as published in ''[[Epigraphia Carnatica]]'', reads:

"svasti srimanu. . . . .mandalesvaran. . . . .na. . . . .malla na, vara. . .. n ana Tamma parkattikku-ppari. . . . . detta. . . . lavena kana. . .kandi maran man-tetti. . . Sohakiruti-sammasa. . . . . .ttu S'ittirai-mada nal. . . . . i-kkallu-nati … . .Velandatti udamai"

=== Translation ===
The translation, as published in ''[[Epigraphia Carnatica]]'', reads:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiacarnat09myso/page/n312/mode/1up | title=Epigraphia carnatica. By B. Lewis Rice, Director of Archaeological Researches in Mysore | date=1894 | publisher=Bangalore Mysore Govt. Central Press }}</ref>

"While the (maha) mandalesvara, (Tribhu)vanamalla (on the date specified) set up this stone."

== [[Yelahanka]] 1800 CE Kanteerava Arasa's [[Garuda]] Kambha inscription ==
{{Infobox artifact
| name = Yelahanka 1800 CE Kanteerava Arasa's Garuda Kambha inscription
| image = Digital Image of the Yelahanka 1800CE Kanteerava Arasa's Garuda Kambha Inscription.png
| image_size = 150
| image_caption = Digital image of the Yelahanka 1800 CE Kanteerava Arasa's Garuda Kambha inscription
| material = Stone
| height = {{convert|33|cm|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|40|cm|abbr=on}}
| created = 1800CE
| discovered_date = 1902
| discovered_by = B L Rice
| location = {{coord|13.102714|77.593775}}
| language = Kannada
| website = https://mythicsociety.github.io/AksharaBhandara/#/learn/Shasanagalu?id=115136
}}

The inscription, dated to 1800 CE, records the donation of a ''Garuda Kambha'' (pillar) by Kanteerava Arasa, son of [[Kikkeri]] Kemparajaiya. Garuda Kambhas are stone pillars erected in front of Vishnu temples, often featuring [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]] sculptures. In Puranic mythology, [[Garuda]] (the Brahminy kite) is considered the vehicle of Lord [[Vishnu]]. The place mentioned in the inscription, Kikkeri, corresponds to the present-day village in Krishnarajapete Taluk of [[Mandya]] District.

The inscription is documented in ''Epigraphia Carnatica'', Volume 9, as Bengaluru Inscription Number 17.<ref name="auto2" />

=== Physical characteristics ===
The inscription measures 38 cm in height and 113 cm in width. The [[Kannada script|Kannada]] characters are approximately 4.2 cm tall, 4.3 cm wide, and 0.15 cm deep.

=== Transliterations of the inscription ===
The transliteration was published in the ''Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society''.<ref name="auto"/>

Digital images of the inscription, individual characters, summaries, and related information have been made available through the Akshara Bhandara software.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಭಂಡಾರ |url=https://mythicsociety.github.io/AksharaBhandara/#/learn/Shasanagalu?id=115136 |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=mythicsociety.github.io}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Line
Number
![[Kannada script|Kannada]]
![[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]
|-
|1
|ಪರಾಭವ ಸಂವ
|parābhava saṃva
|-
|2
|ತ್ಸರದ ಆಸ್ವಿಜ ಶು ೧೦
|tsarada āsvija śu 10
|-
|3
|ಕಿಕೇರಿ ಕೆಂಪರಾಜೈನ
|kikeri kĕṃparājaina
|-
|4
|ವರ ಮಗ ಕಂಠೀರ
|vara maga kaṃṭhīra
|-
|5
|ವರಸನವರ ಸಾವೆ
|varasanavara sāvĕ
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="230" heights="280">
File:Yelahanka Venugopala swamy temple Garudakamba 5.jpg|Yelahanka Venugopala swamy temple Garudakamba
File:3D Scanning of The Yelahanka 1440CE Hanumanta Devara Garudakamba Inscription 6.jpg|3D scanning of the Yelahanka 1440 CE Hanumanta Devara Garudakamba inscription
File:3D Scanning of The Yelahanka 1440CE Hanumanta Devara Garudakamba Inscription 7.jpg|3D scanning of the Yelahanka 1440 CE Hanumanta Devara Garudakamba inscription
File:A Herostone at Yelahanka.jpg|A Veeramasti memorial stone dating between 9–10th Century
File:Yelahanka 1410CE Macherusha Setti Venugopalaswamy Deepamale Kamba Inscription.jpg|Yelahanka 1410 CE Macherusha Setti Venugopalaswamy Deepamale Kamba inscription
File:Herostones at Yelahanka.jpg|Hero stones at Yelahanka dating between 9–10th Century
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Inscription stones of Bengaluru]]

Yelahanka inscriptions and hero stones - Revision history

Shannan0997: new the stub initial version