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{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Yashovarman<br />
| title = [[Maharaja]]<br />
| succession = King of [[Malwa]]<br />
| reign = {{circa|1133|1142 CE}}<br />
| predecessor = [[Naravarman]]<br />
| successor = [[Jayavarman I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman I]]<br />
| dynasty = [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Yashovarman''' ([[IAST]]: Yaśovarman; reigned c. 1133-1142 CE) was an Indian king from the [[Paramara dynasty]], who ruled in the [[Malwa]] region of central India. He was defeated and imprisoned by the [[Chaulukya]] king [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]], and appears to have ruled as a Chaulukya subordinate after 1134 CE.<br />
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== Early life ==<br />
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Yashovarman succeeded his father [[Naravarman]]. His 1135 CE [[Ujjain]] inscription mentions him as [[Maharaja]] Yashovarma-deva. This Sanskrit-language inscription records the grant of a village.{{sfn|Harihar Vitthal Trived|1991|pp=126-128}}<br />
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By 1134, the [[Chandela]] king [[Madanavarman]] had seized the eastern parts of the Paramara kingdom, along the [[Betwa River]], as attested by his Augasi grant inscription. On the western frontier, Yashovarman suffered a defeat against the [[Chaulukya]] king [[Jayasimha Siddharaja|Jayasimha]] alias Siddharaja.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=22}}<br />
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== Defeat against Jayasimha Siddharaja ==<br />
{{Location map<br />
|India Madhya Pradesh<br />
|label = Ujjain<br />
|position = right<br />
|lat = 23.1793<br />
|long = 75.7849<br />
|caption = Location of [[Ujjain]], where an inscription of Yashovarman has been found{{sfn|O. P. Misra|2003|p=12}}<br />
|float = right<br />
|width = 250<br />
}}<br />
Multiple sources, including chronicles and inscriptions, prove that Yashovarman was defeated by [[Jayasimha Siddharaja|Jayasimha]], the [[Chaulukya]] king of [[Gujarat]]. Some chronicles also suggest that it was Yashovarman's father Naravarman who was defeated by Jayasimha. It appears that the Chaulukya-Paramara war began during the reign of Naravarman, and ended during Yashovarman's reign.{{sfn|A. K. Majumdar|1956|p=75}}<br />
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According to the contemporary Chaulukya courtier [[Hemachandra]], Jayasimha invaded the Paramara kingdom because he wanted to visit the holy city of [[Ujjain]].{{sfn|A. K. Majumdar|1956|p=72}} ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]'' by the 14th century author Merutunga mentions a different cause for the war. According to Merutunga, Yashovarman invaded the Chaulukya capital when Jayasimha was away on a pilgrimage, and Jayasimha invaded the Paramara capital [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]] in response.{{sfn|K. L. Hazra|1995|p=209}} Merutunga's account does not seem credible, because the Paramaras were too weak at this time to invade the powerful Chaulukya kingdom.{{sfn|A. K. Majumdar|1956|pp=74-75}}<br />
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The 1139 CE [[Dahod]] inscription states that Jayasimha imprisoned the king of Malava (the Paramara territory),{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=22}} an assertion supported by Hemachandra.{{sfn|Pratipal Bhatia|1970|p=122}} As a result of this defeat, a large part of the Paramara kingdom, including its capital Dhara, came under Chaulukya rule. Jaysimha appointed Mahadeva as the governor of [[Avanti (India)|Avanti]]-[[rajamandala|mandala]] (Malava).{{sfn|K. C. Jain|1972|p=362}} The Chaulukya king also adopted the title ''Avanti-natha'' ("Lord of Avanti"), as attested by his 1137 CE Gala inscription.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=22}}<br />
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In an 1134 CE (1191 [[Vikrama Samvat|VS]]) inscription, Yashovaraman is titled ''[[Maharajadhiraja]]'' ("great king of kings"). However, in a 1135 CE inscription, he assumes the lower-status title ''Maharaja'' ("great king"). This indicates that he lost his status as a sovereign sometime during this period. It is not certain if this was because of Jayasimha's invasion or some other cause.{{sfn|A. K. Majumdar|1956|p=75}} Possibly, he was released by Jayasimha, and ruled a part of his former kingdom as a Chaulukya subordinate.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=22}}<br />
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Dhara and Ujjain remained under Chaulukya control during 1136-1143 CE.{{sfn|K. C. Jain|1972|p=362}}<br />
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== Last days ==<br />
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An inscription discovered at [[Jhalrapatan]] mentions ''Maharaja'' Yashovarman. The last digit of the year in which the inscription was issued is not clear, but it has been conjecturally dated to 1199 [[Vikram Samvat|VS]], that is, 1142 CE. If this date is correct, and if the ruler mentioned in the inscription is same as the Paramara king (an assertion doubted by some historians), it appears that he ruled until the early 1140s, possibly as a Chaulukya vassal.{{sfn|K. C. Jain|1972|p=362}}{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=22}} The find spot of the inscription suggests that he ruled a small principality in the lower [[Kali Sindh River|Kali Sindhu]] valley.{{sfn|K. L. Hazra|1995|p=209}}<br />
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Yashovarman was succeeded by [[Jayavarman I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayavarman I]], who managed to regain control of Dhara, or at least a part of the former Paramara territory.{{sfn|Arvind K. Singh|2012|p=22}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
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=== Bibliography ===<br />
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{{ref begin}}<br />
* {{cite book |author=A. K. Majumdar |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |year=1956 |oclc=4413150 }}<br />
* {{cite journal |author=Arvind K. Singh |title=Interpreting the History of the Paramāras |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=22 |issue=1 |year=2012 |pages=13–28 |jstor=41490371 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Harihar Vitthal Trivedi |title=Inscriptions of the Paramāras (Part 2) |series=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume VII: Inscriptions of the Paramāras, Chandēllas, Kachchapaghātas, and two minor dynasties |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8B4LAQAAMAAJ |year=1991 |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |doi=10.5281/zenodo.1451755 |ref={{harvid|H. V. Trivedi|1991}} }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=K. C. Jain |title=Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA354 |year=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0824-9 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=K. L. Hazra |title=The Rise And Decline Of Buddhism In India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3wEAAAAYAAJ |year=1995 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0651-9 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=O. P. Misra |title=Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0ISjDDWJwQC&pg=PA13 |year=2003 |publisher=Mittal |isbn=978-81-7099-874-7 }}<br />
* {{cite book |author=Pratipal Bhatia |title=The Paramāras, c. 800-1305 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5gcAAAAMAAJ |year=1970 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal }}<br />
{{ref end}}<br />
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{{Paramara dynasty}}<br />
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[[Category:Paramara dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:12th-century monarchs in Asia]]</div>imported>Citation bot