imported>AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Fact}}

2020-07-07T20:17:21Z

Dating maintenance tags: {{Fact}}

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
'''Yakshagana Tala''' ([[Kannada]]:ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ತಾಳ, pronounced as ''yaksha-gaana taala''), is a rhythmical pattern in Yakshagana that is determined by a composition called [[Yakshagana Poetry|Yakshagana Padya]]. Tala also decides how a composition is enacted by dancers. It is similar to Tala in other forms of Indian music, but is structurally different from them. Each composition is set to one or more talas, and as a composition is rendered by Himmela, the percussion artist(s) play supporting the dance performance.<ref name="preclassical">Prof. Sridhara Uppara. 1998.Yakshagana and Nataka Diganta publications</ref> Tala is maintained by the singer using a pair of [[Yakshagana bells|finger bells]].{{fact|date=July 2020}}

The instrument for rhythm in [[Yakshagana]] are the [[Chande]], [[Maddale]] and a Yakshagana Tala (bell) is also used along with chande.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

Yakshagana has a complete and complex system for rhythms. The most common Talas in Yakshagana are Matte, Eaka,Udaape, Jampe, Rupaka, Trivde, Atta, KorE and Aadi. Each tala has a cycle of N beats divided in M bars. Some talas are more than 5 minutes long (e.g. Abbara Tala). Note that although, the names of Talas are similar to [[Carnatic Music|Karnataka Sangeetha]] only a few talas are similar and other rhythms are completely different.<ref>Sediyapu Krishna Bhatta, Chandogathi, Mangalore</ref> Each taal is identified by a typical set of syllables similar to bols in [[Tabla]]. A set of syllables representing the basic rhythm of taala is called 'Badtige' or 'Tatkaara'. The variations of a particular taala are called 'Nade' (movement) which is similar to Kaida in [[Tabla]].{{fact|date=July 2020}}

Yakshagana music vocalists (Bhagavathas) mark the ''tala'' by tapping a pair of [[Yakshagana bells|bells]]. Talas are identified by Ghaatha and are largely decided by the metre of the Yakshagana poetry<ref>.Sediyapu Krishna Bhatta, Kannada Chandassu, Mangalore</ref> Some Taalas have been demonstrated on [[chande]] in the following external links.<ref>{{YouTube|sAllmsgkKFg}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|rjnayCTXsP0}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|gHzGjiepnB0}}</ref>

==Some Yakshagana Talas<ref>''Martha Bush Ashton, Yakshagana: A dance drama of India, South Asia Books (1 May 1989)''</ref>==

*'''Matte Tala (Tvarita Rupaka): ''3 beats'''''
::'''''----3---|-------3------||----3---|-------3------||'''''
::'''''tai ta | di naam || tai ta | di naam ||'''''

::'''Muktaya (Ending)'''

*'''Chaurastra Eka Tala: ''4 beats'''''
::'''''ta ddi mi | ta ka di mi ||'''''

::'''Muktaya (Ending)'''

*'''Udaape Tala: (Tvarita Eka)'''
::'''''ta ki ta | ta ka di na | ta kki ta | ta ka di na ||'''''

::'''Muktaya (Ending)'''

*'''Jampe Tala: ''5 beats'''''
::'''''dhim kadthka dhim dhim kadthka |'''''

::'''Muktaya (Ending)'''
::''''' ta ta kadthka takada taddinnaka tai |'''''
::''''' ta ka ta di gina dhem |'''''

::'''Tvarita (Fast)'''
::Nade (Variations)

*'''Chaurastra Rupaka Tala: ''6 beats'''''
::'''''tai ta dinaka | dhem ta dinaka |'''''

::'''Muktaya (Ending)'''

*'''Trivde Tala: ''7 beats'''''
::'''''deem ta | taam di na | dheem ta | taam dina ||'''''

*'''Asta Tala: ''3+1/2 beats'''''
::'''''tai ti tti | tai ti tti ||'''''

::'''Muktaya (Ending)'''

*'''KorE Tala: ''3+1/2 beats'''''
::'''''ti tti tai | ti tti tai ||'''''

::'''Muktaya (Ending)'''

*'''Aadi Tala: ''16 beats'''''
::''''' ta hasta | dim da di ku ta ka | taa tom | ta di naka ||'''''

::'''Muktaya (Ending)'''

*'''Chau Tala''' ''8 beats''
::'''''deem ta tta ta tta | deem ta tta | deem ta tta ta tta ||'''''

::'''Muktaya (Ending)'''

*'''Dhruva Tala: ''14 beats''''' (Cognate of Hindustani Rupak)
::'''''tom dinna ta ri ki ta | tom di na | tom ta tta ||'''''
::'''''dhi dhi na | dhi na dhi na | ta di na ti na ti na ||'''''

::'''Muktaya (Ending)'''

Scholars have disagreement on the names and beat structure of the above Talas. But the details provided here are generally acceptable.<ref>Hostota Manjunatha Bhagavatha, Yakshagana Talakrama, Sagara.</ref>

==History==
The talas predate [[Carnatic Music|Karnataka Sangeetha]] talas. It is generally agreed that the rhythm patterns that form a basis for [[Carnatic Music|Karnataka Sangeetha]] also forms a basis for yakshagana Talas. In fact it is believed that Yakshagana uses pre classical patterns guided by the metres of the [[Yakshagana Poetry]]. A folk flavour added to these talas make them very popular among the followers.<ref>Bhagavatha Narayanappa Uppura, Yakshagana Shikshaka, 1985, Mangalore.</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==Literature==
{{ Citation
| last=Sediyaapu
| first=Krishna Bhatta
| title=Chandogathi
}}.
{{ Citation
| last=Sediyaapu
| first=Krishna Bhatta
| title=Kannada Chandassu
}}.

{{ Citation
| last=Uppuru
| first=Bhagavatha Narayanappa
| title=Yakshagana Adhyayana
}}.

{{ Citation
| last=Hostota
| first=Manjunatha Bhagavatha
| title=Yakshagana Talasutra
}}.

{{ Citation
| last=Uppuru
| first=Prof. Sridhara
| title=Yakshagana and Nataka
}}.

==Other Indian Rhythmic techniques==
[[Tihai]]

[[Category:Carnatic talas]]
[[Category:Yakshagana]]

[[de:Tala]]
[[fr:Tâla]]
[[nl:Tala (muziek)]]
[[ru:Тала (музыкальный инструмент)]]
{{Indian Music}}

Yakshagana Tala - Revision history

imported>AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Fact}}