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{{Short description|Long-haired domesticated bovid}}
{{For multi|the progenitor species Bos mutus|Wild yak|other uses|Yak (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}

{{Speciesbox
| name = Yak
| image = Bos grunniens at Letdar on Annapurna Circuit.jpg
| image_caption = A yak in the [[Nepal]]ese [[Himalayas]].
| status = DOM
| taxon = Bos grunniens
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766
| synonyms = ''Poephagus grunniens''
}}

The '''domestic yak''' ('''''Bos grunniens'''''), also known as the '''Tartary ox''', '''grunting ox''',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Scherf |first=Beate |date=2000 |title=World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity |url=https://www.fao.org/3/x8750e/x8750e.pdf |journal=World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity |publisher=FAO |pages=653}}</ref> or '''hairy cattle''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/yak|title = Yak | mammal | Britannica}}</ref> is a species of long-haired [[domestication|domesticated]] [[bos|cattle]] found throughout the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] region of the [[Indian subcontinent]], the [[Tibetan Plateau]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] ([[Kashmir]]), [[Tajikistan]] and as far north as [[Mongolia]] and [[Siberia]]. It is descended from the [[wild yak]] (''Bos mutus'').<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Artiodactyla | id = 14200680 | page = 691}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The English word ''yak'' originates from the {{bo|t=གཡག་|w=g.yag}}. In Tibetan and [[Balti language|Balti]] it refers only to the male of the species, the female being called {{bo|t=འབྲི་|w='bri}}, {{bo|t=འབྲི་|w='dri}} or {{bo|t=གནག|w=g.nag}} in Tibetan and {{bo|t=ཧཡག་མོ་|w=hYag-mo}} in Balti. In English, as in most other languages that have borrowed the word, ''yak'' is usually used for both sexes, with ''bull'' or ''cow'' referring to each sex separately.

==Taxonomy==
[[File:Gansu Museum 2007 318.jpg|thumb|left|Bronze model of yak from [[Gansu]], China. [[Yuan dynasty]], 1271–1368 AD]]

Belonging to the genus ''[[Bos]]'', Yaks are related to [[cattle]] (''Bos primigenius''). [[Mitochondrial DNA]] analyses to determine the evolutionary history of yaks have been inconclusive.

The yak may have diverged from cattle at any point between one and five million years ago, and there is some suggestion that it may be more closely related to [[bison]] than to the other members of its designated genus.<ref name=Guo2006>{{cite journal | author = Guo, S.| year = 2006 | title = Taxonomic placement and origin of yaks: implications from analyses of mtDNA D-loop fragment sequences |url=http://www.mammal.cn/EN/abstract/abstract2079.shtml| journal = Acta Theriologica Sinica | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 325–330|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Apparent close fossil relatives of the yak, such as ''[[Bos baikalensis]]'', have been found in eastern Russia, suggesting a possible route by which yak-like ancestors of the modern [[American bison]] could have entered the Americas.<ref name=Leslie2009/>

The species was originally designated as ''Bos grunniens'' ("grunting ox") by [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] in 1766, but this name is now generally considered to refer only to the domesticated form of the animal, with ''Bos mutus'' ("mute ox") being the preferred name for the wild species. Although some authors still consider the wild yak to be a [[subspecies]], ''Bos grunniens mutus'', the [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|ICZN]] made [[Opinion 2027|an official ruling]] in 2003<ref name=iczn2027>{{cite journal | author = International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature | year = 2003 | title = Opinion 2027. Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are predated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved | journal = Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature | volume = 60 | pages = 81–84 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34357823}}</ref> permitting the use of the name ''Bos mutus'' for [[wild yak]]s, and this is now the more common usage.<ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Buzzard, P. |author2=Berger, J. |date=2016 |title=''Bos mutus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T2892A101293528 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2892A101293528.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=Leslie2009/><ref name=Gentry2004>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006| title = The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives| journal = Journal of Archaeological Science| volume = 31| issue = 5| pages = 645| year = 2004| last1 = Gentry | first1 = A. | last2 = Clutton-Brock | first2 = J. | last3 = Groves | first3 = C. P. }}</ref>

Except where the wild yak is considered as a subspecies of ''Bos grunniens'', there are no recognised subspecies of yak.

==Physical characteristics==
[[File:Bos grunniens at Yundrok Yumtso Lake.jpg|left|thumb|A domestic yak at [[Yamdrok Lake]].]]
Yaks are heavily built animals with bulky frames, sturdy legs, rounded, cloven hooves, and extremely dense, long fur that hangs down lower than the belly. While wild yaks are generally dark, blackish to brown in colouration, domestic yaks can be quite variable in colour, often having patches of rusty brown and cream. They have small ears and wide foreheads, with smooth horns that are generally dark in colour. In males (bulls), the horns sweep out from the sides of the head, and then curve backward; they typically range from {{convert|48|to|99|cm|abbr=on}} in length.

The horns of females (cows) are smaller, at {{convert|27|to|64|cm|abbr=on}} in length, and have a more upright shape. Both sexes have a short neck with a pronounced hump over the shoulders, although this is larger and more visible in males.<ref name=Leslie2009>{{cite journal | author1 = Leslie, D.M. | author2 = Schaller, G.B. | year = 2009 | title = ''Bos grunniens'' and ''Bos mutus'' (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) | journal = Mammalian Species | volume = 836 | pages = 1–17 | doi = 10.1644/836.1 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Males weigh {{Convert|350|to|585|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, females weigh {{Convert|225|to|255|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Wild yaks can be substantially heavier, bulls reaching weights of up to {{convert|1000|kg|lb}}.<ref>Buchholtz, C. (1990). True Cattle (Genus ''Bos''). pp. 386–397 in S. Parker, ed. ''Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, Volume 5''. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. (quoted in [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bos_grunniens.html Oliphant, M. (2003). ''Bos grunniens'' (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 4 April 2009])</ref> Depending on the breed, domestic yak males are {{convert|111|-|138|cm|in}} high at the withers, while females are {{convert|105|-|117|cm|in}} high at the withers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/AD347E/ad347e06.htm|title=The Yak. Chapter 2: Yak breeds|website=FAO|access-date=2017-08-31}}</ref>

Both sexes have long shaggy hair with a dense woolly undercoat over the chest, flanks, and thighs to insulate them from the cold. Especially in bulls, this may form a long "skirt" that can reach the ground. The tail is long and horselike rather than tufted like the tails of cattle or bison. Domesticated yaks have a wide range of coat colours, with some individuals being white, grey, brown, [[Roan (color)|roan]] or [[piebald]]. The [[udder]] in females and the [[scrotum]] in males are small and hairy, as protection against the cold. Females have four [[teat]]s.<ref name=Leslie2009/>

Yaks are not known to produce the characteristic lowing (mooing) sound of cattle, but both wild and domestic yaks grunt and squeak, which inspired the scientific name of the domestic yak variant, ''Bos grunniens'' (grunting bull). [[Nikolay Przhevalsky]] named the wild variant ''Bos mutus'' (silent bull) believing that it did not make a sound at all, but it does.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/AD347E/ad347e05.htm|title=Origins, Domestication and Distribution of Yak|website=FAO|access-date=2017-08-31}}</ref>

===Physiology===
[[File:The Yak Rider.JPG|thumb|upright|Yak rider near [[Lake Tsomgo|Tsomgo Lake]], [[Sikkim]] (3700 m)]]
Yak physiology is well [[high-altitude adaptation|adapted to high altitudes]], having larger lungs and heart than cattle found at lower altitudes, as well as greater capacity for transporting oxygen through their blood,<ref name=Wiener>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/AD347E/ad347e08.htm|title=The Yak in Relation to Its Environment|website=FAO}}</ref><ref>''The Yak, Second Edition''. Bangkok: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, {{ISBN|92-5-104965-3}}. Accessed 8 August 2008.</ref> due to the persistence of [[foetal haemoglobin]] throughout life.<ref name=Sarkar1999>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1053/tvjl.1999.0361| pmid = 10409419| title = Fetal Haemoglobin in Pregnant Yaks (''Poephagus grunniens'' L.)| journal = The Veterinary Journal| volume = 158| issue = 1| pages = 68–70| year = 1999| last1 = Sarkar | first1 = M.| last2 = Das | first2 = D. N. | last3 = Mondal | first3 = D. B. }}</ref> Conversely, yaks have trouble thriving at lower altitudes,<ref>[http://agtr.ilri.cgiar.org/BreedInformation/breedpg/Others/Yak.htm Yak], Animal genetics training resources version II: Breed Information. Adopted from: Bonnemaire, J. "Yak". In: Mason, Ian L. (ed). (1984). ''Evolution of Domesticated Animals''. London: Longman, pp. 39–45. {{ISBN|0-582-46046-8}}. Accessed 8 August 2008.</ref> and are prone to suffering from heat exhaustion above about {{convert|15|C}}. Further adaptations to the cold include a thick layer of [[subcutaneous fat]], and an almost complete lack of functional [[sweat glands]].<ref name=Wiener/>

Compared with domestic cattle, the [[rumen]] of yaks is unusually large, relative to the [[omasum]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}} This likely allows them to consume greater quantities of low-quality food at a time, and to ferment it longer so as to extract more nutrients.<ref name=Wiener/> Yak consume the equivalent of 1% of their body weight daily while cattle require 3% to maintain condition.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} They are grazing herbivores, with their wild ancestors feeding primarily on [[Poaceae|grass]] and [[sedges]],<ref name=Harris1995>{{cite journal |last1= Harris |first1= R.B. |last2= Miller |first2= D.J. |date= October 2009 |title= Overlap in summer habitats and diets of Tibetan Plateau ungulates |journal= Mammalia |volume= 59 |issue= 2 |pages= 197–212 |doi= 10.1515/mamm.1995.59.2.197|s2cid= 84659876 }}</ref> with some herbs and dwarf shrubs.<ref name=Schaller1996>{{cite journal |last1= Schaller |first1= G.B. |last2= Liu |first2= W. |date= 1996 |title= Distribution, status, and conservation of wild yak ''Bos grunniens'' |journal= Biological Conservation |volume= 76 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–8 |doi= 10.1016/0006-3207(96)85972-6}}</ref>

==Reproduction and life history==
[[File:Yak calf in Austria 2009.jpg|thumb|left|Ten-day-old yak.]]
Yaks mate in the summer, typically between July and September, depending on the local environment. For the remainder of the year, many bulls wander in small bachelor groups away from the large herds, but, as the [[Rut (mammalian reproduction)|rut]] approaches, they become aggressive and regularly fight among each other to establish dominance. In addition to non-violent threat displays, bellowing, and scraping the ground with their horns, bull yaks also compete more directly, repeatedly charging at each other with heads lowered or sparring with their horns. Like [[bison]], but unlike cattle, males wallow in dry soil during the rut, often while [[Urination#Other animals|scent-marking with urine]] or dung.<ref name=Leslie2009/> Females enter [[Estrous cycle#Estrus|oestrus]] up to four times a year, and females are receptive only for a few hours in each cycle.<ref name=Sarkar2005>{{cite journal | author1 = Sarkar, M. | author2 = Prakash, B.S. | year = 2005 | title = Timing of ovulation in relation to onset of estrus and LH peak in yak (''Poephagus grunniens'' L.) | journal = Animal Reproduction Science | volume = 86 | issue = 4 | pages = 353–362 | doi = 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.08.005| pmid = 15766812 }}</ref>

[[Gestation]] lasts between 257 and 270 days,<ref name=Wiener/> so that the young are born between May and June, and results in the birth of a single calf. The cow finds a secluded spot to give birth, but the calf is able to walk within about ten minutes of birth, and the pair soon rejoin the herd.<ref name=Wiener/> Females of both the wild and domestic forms typically give birth only once every other year,<ref name=Leslie2009/> although more frequent births are possible if the food supply is good.

Calves are [[weaning|weaned]] at one year and become independent shortly thereafter. Wild calves are initially brown in color, and only later develop the darker adult hair. Females generally give birth for the first time at three or four years of age,<ref name=Zi2003>{{cite journal | author = Zi, X.D. | year = 2003 | title = Reproduction in female yaks (''Bos grunniens'') and opportunities for improvement | journal = Theriogenology | volume = 59 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 1303–1312 | doi = 10.1016/S0093-691X(02)01172-X | pmid = 12527077}}</ref> and reach their peak reproductive fitness at around six years. Yaks may live for more than twenty years in domestication or captivity,<ref name=Leslie2009/> although it is likely that this may be somewhat shorter in the wild.

==Husbandry==
Domesticated yaks have been kept for thousands of years, primarily for their milk, [[Yak fiber|fibre]] (wool), and meat, and as [[Working animal|beasts of burden]]. Their dried droppings are an important fuel, used all over Tibet, and are often the only fuel available on the high, treeless [[Tibetan Plateau]]. Yaks transport goods across mountain passes for local farmers and traders and are an attraction for climbing and trekking expeditions: "Only one thing makes it hard to use yaks for long journeys in barren regions. They will not eat [[grain]], which could be carried on the journey. They will starve unless they can be brought to a place where there is grass."<ref>Golden Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 16 p. 1505b. Rockefeller Center, NY: [[Golden Press]] (1959).</ref> They also are used to draw [[plough]]s.<ref name="bhutanyaks">{{cite web|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/jbs/pdf/JBS_02_01_04.pdf|title=Economy of Yak Herders|last=Gyamtsho|first=Pema}}</ref> Yaks' milk is often processed to a cheese called ''[[chhurpi]]'' in Tibetan and Nepali languages, and ''[[Mongolian cuisine|byaslag]]'' in Mongolia. [[Yak butter|Butter made from yaks' milk]] is an ingredient of the [[butter tea]] that Tibetans consume in large quantities,<ref>[http://www.flavorandfortune.com/dataaccess/article.php?ID=205 Tibet and Tibetan Foods]. Flavorandfortune.com. Retrieved on 2012-12-19.</ref> and is also used in lamps and made into [[butter sculpture]]s used in religious festivities.<ref>[http://www.webexhibits.org/butter/countries-tibet.html Yaks, butter & lamps in Tibet], webexhibits.org</ref>
[[File:Yak racing.jpg|thumb|right|Yak racing]]

===Outside the Himalayas===
Small numbers of herds can be found in the United States and Canada, as well as New Zealand and some parts of Europe. Yaks have generated interest outside the Himalayas as a commercial crop and by cattle breeders. The main interest of North American yak breeders is lean meat production by [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridizing]] with other cattle, followed by [[wool]] production.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/3/ad347e/ad347e0u.htm|title=Part 3 - Yak in nontraditional environments by Gerald Wiener|website=FAO}}</ref>

===Research===
The [[Indian government]] established a dedicated centre for research into yak husbandry, the ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, in 1989. It is located at [[Dirang]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], and maintains a yak farm in the Nyukmadung area at an altitude of {{convert|2750|m|ft}} above MSL.<ref>{{cite web|title=ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak|url=http://nrcy.icar.gov.in/}}</ref>

===Yak breeding and hybridization===
In [[Nepal]], [[Tibet]], and [[Mongolia]], domestic cattle are crossbred with yaks. This gives rise to the infertile male [[dzo]] མཛོ། as well as fertile females known as {{lang|ne|dzomo}} or {{lang|ne|zhom}} མཛོ་མོ།, which may be crossed again with cattle. The Dwarf Lulu breed, "the only ''Bos primigenius taurus'' type of cattle in Nepal" has been tested for DNA markers and found to be a mixture of both taurine and [[zebu]] types of cattle (''B. p. taurus'' and ''B. p. indicus'') with yak.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Nepalese domestic dwarf cattle Lulu|journal=Animal Science Journal|author1=Takeda, K. |author2=Satoh, M. |author3=Neopane, S.P. |author4=Kuwar, B.S. |author5=Joshi, H.D. |author6=Shrestha, N.P. |author7=Fujise, H. |author8=Tasai, M. |author9=Tagami, T. |author10=Hanada, H. |doi=10.1111/j.1740-0929.2004.00163.x|year=2004|volume=75|issue=2|pages=103}}</ref> According to the [[International Veterinary Information Service]], the low productivity of second-generation cattle–yak crosses makes them suitable only as meat animals.<ref name="ivis.org"/>

Crosses between yaks and domestic cattle (''Bos primigenius taurus'') have been recorded in Chinese literature for at least 2,000 years.<ref name=Leslie2009/> Successful crosses have also been recorded between [[Yakalo|yak and American bison]],<ref name="ivis.org">Zhang, R.C. (14 December 2000). [http://www.ivis.org/advances/Zhao/zhang3/IVIS.pdf "Interspecies Hybridization between Yak, ''Bos taurus'' and ''Bos indicus'' and Reproduction of the Hybrids"]. In: ''Recent Advances in Yak Reproduction'', Zhao, X.X.; Zhang, R.C. (eds.). International Veterinary Information Service.</ref> [[gaur]], and [[banteng]], generally with similar results to those produced with domestic cattle.<ref name=Leslie2009/>

===Linguistic evidence for yak domestication===
Jacques et al. (2021)<ref>{{cite journal|title=Yak Domestication: A Review of Linguistic, Archaeological, and Genetic Evidence|journal=Ethnobiology Letters|author1=Jacques, G. |author2=d'Alpoim Guedes, J. |author3=Zhang, S. |doi=10.14237/ebl.12.1.2021.1755|year=2021|volume=12|issue=1|pages=103–114|s2cid=238997533|doi-access=free}}
</ref> show that most elaborate yak-related terminologies are found within Tibetic and [[Gyalrongic]] languages. Both branches also have native terms for [[dzo|yak-cattle hybrids]], suggesting that Tibetic and Gyalrongic speakers may have independently cross-bred yaks and cattle, predating the proto-Gyalrongic split (3221 [2169-4319] [[Before present|BP]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Dated language phylogenies shed light on the ancestry of Sino-Tibetan|journal=Ethnobiology Letters|author1=Sagart, L. |author2=Jacques, G.|author3=Lai, Y.|author4=Ryder, R.J.|author5=Thouzeau, V.|author6=Greenhill, S.J.|author7=List, J.-M.|doi=10.1073/pnas.1817972116 |pmc=6534992 |year=2019|volume=116|issue=21|pages=10317–10322|pmid=31061123|bibcode=2019PNAS..11610317S |doi-access=free}}
</ref>) from Tibeto-Gyalrongic.

==Customs==
===Blood-drinking festival===
In Nepal, there is an annual festival held to drink fresh blood of yak in a belief that it cures varieties of disease such as gastritis, [[jaundice]] and body sprain.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.3167/np.2007.110204| volume = 11| issue = 2| pages = 57–85| last1 = Degen| first1 = Allan A.| last2 = Kam| first2 = Michael| last3 = Pandey| first3 = Shambhu B.| last4 = Upreti| first4 = Chet R.| last5 = Pandey| first5 = Sanjeev| last6 = Regmi| first6 = Prajwal| title = Transhumant Pastoralism in Yak Production in the Lower Mustang District of Nepal| journal = Nomadic Peoples| date = 2007-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = People flock to Mustang to drink yak blood| access-date = 2021-06-07| url = https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2016/04/23/people-flock-in-mustang-to-drink-yak-blood}}</ref> The fresh blood is extracted from the neck of a yak without killing it. The cut is healed after the ceremony is over.<ref>{{cite web| title = Festival to drink Yak blood begins in Nepal| work = Hindustan Times| access-date = 2021-06-07| date = 2008-07-20| url = https://www.hindustantimes.com/world/festival-to-drink-yak-blood-begins-in-nepal/story-sbE82I3UCI6YoC2eCN7cCK.html}}</ref> The ritual is believed to be originated in Tibet and [[Mustang District|Mustang]].<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0971-751X| last = Ians| title = Nepal now sees blood drinking festival| work = The Hindu| location = Kathmandu| access-date = 2021-06-07| date = 2010-03-11| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/Nepal-now-sees-blood-drinking-festival/article16559873.ece}}</ref>

===Yak sports===
In parts of Tibet and Karakorum, [[yak racing]] is a form of entertainment at traditional festivals and is considered an important part of their culture. More recently, sports involving domesticated yaks, such as [[yak skiing]] or [[yak polo]], are being marketed as tourist attractions in South Asian countries, including in [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], Pakistan.{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" widths="160" heights="140">
File:Yaks in Manali.jpg|Yaks in [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh]], India saddled for riding
File:LitangMonastery.jpg|Train of pack yaks at Litang monastery in [[Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]], Sichuan, China
File:Yaks still provide the best way to plow fields in Tibet.jpg|Yaks plowing fields in Tibet
File:Sarlyk Yak2.jpg | A Tibetan Yak in Russia
File:YakRace.jpg|Yaks in [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], Pakistan
File:四川阿坝白牦牛 - panoramio.jpg|Domestic yak in [[Mao County]], China
File:Girl On Yak In Yunnan Province China.jpg|alt=Girl on Yak in Yunnan Province, China|Girl on Yak in Yunnan Province, China
File:四姑娘山景区 Mount Siguniang Scenic Area 17.jpg|A yak at [[Mount Siguniang|Mount Siguniang Scenic Area]], [[Sichuan]], China
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Yakalo]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{Wikispecies-inline}}
*{{Commons-inline|Yak|Domestic yak}}
*[https://www.iyak.org/ International Yak Association (IYAK)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928013330/http://www.eyak.ch/ European Yak Association (EYAK)]
*[http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/ad347e/ad347e06.htm Article on Yak breeds in FAO archives]
*[http://kekexili.typepad.com/life_on_the_tibetan_plate/2006/10/yaks.html Yaks: The Official Animal of Tibet]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130523064042/http://me.lzu.edu.cn/yak/ Yak Genome Database]

{{Artiodactyla|R.4}}
{{Fibers}}
{{Meat|state=expanded}}
{{Working animals}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q19829410}}

[[Category:Yaks| ]]
[[Category:Livestock]]
[[Category:Domesticated animals]]
[[Category:Pack animals]]
[[Category:Mammals of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals of East Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Siberia]]
[[Category:Mammals of South Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Tibet]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1766]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

Yak - Revision history

Androidsub143: reworked formatting to improve readability and added references for clarity

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article