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{{Short description|Theory of Reconciliation of the lunar calendar and solar calendar}}
{{Infobox Theory|Type=Scientific|Name=Yajnavalkya 95 Years Cycle|Theory_of=Reconciliation of [[lunar calendar]] and [[solar calendar]]|Applications=Calendar|Origin=India|Image=|Caption=Yajnavalkya Statue at entrance of Uchchaith Bhagwati Mandir, Madhubani,|RelatedFields=[[Astronomy]], [[Calendar]]|KeyConcepts=Spin - Axis phenomena}}
'''Yajnavalkya's 95-year cycle''' is a method of harmonizing the lunar and solar calendars. It was proposed by the ancient Indian sage [[Yajnavalkya]], who is believed to have lived around the 9th - 8th century BCE.{{Cn|date=November 2023}} He was described as the greatest Brahmajnyani by all the sages at the philosophical function organised by king [[Janaka]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kak |first=Subhash |date=2011-01-01 |title=The Astronomical Code of the Ṛgveda (Third Edition) |url=https://www.academia.edu/45155909 |journal=Oklahoma State University}}</ref> This cycle of reconciliation is also known as ''Yajnavalkya Cycle''.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

[[Yajnavalkya]] was Indian [[astronomer]] who studied about the motion of [[Sun]] and mentioned these theories in his work [[Shatapatha Brahmana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Boutet |first=M. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9WEqDwAAQBAJ&dq=yajnavalkya+95+years+cycle&pg=PA21 |title=Celtic Astrology from the Druids to the Middle Ages |date=2017-07-11 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-7004-1 |language=en}}</ref> He invented a method of reconciling the [[lunar calendar]] and the [[solar calendar]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} He described the 95-year cycle to synchronize the motions of the sun and the [[moon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT: The Rediff Interview/ Dr Subhash Kak |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/1999/nov/18inter.htm |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Arya |first=Vedveer |date=2020-01-01 |title=The Chronology of India: From Manu to Mahabharata |url=https://www.academia.edu/50941246 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123021758/https://www.academia.edu/50941246 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 23, 2023 |journal=Aryabhata Publications}}</ref> It is mentioned as 95 year “Agnichayana” in the 6th Kānda of [[Shatapatha Brahmana]].<ref name=":1" />

== Description ==
The lunar calendar is based on the cycle of the Moon and consists of 12 months of 29.5 days each. This means that the lunar calendar is about 11 days shorter than the solar calendar, which is based on the Earth's orbit around the Sun.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

The Yajnavalkya 95-year cycle corrects this difference by adding an extra month (Adhik Maasa) to the lunar calendar every 32.5 years. This means that there will be 71 lunar years and 70 solar years in a 95-year cycle.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Powell |first=Jonathan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Df5uDwAAQBAJ&dq=yajnavalkya+95+years+cycle&pg=PA27 |title=Rare Astronomical Sights and Sounds |date=2018-09-17 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-97701-0 |language=en}}</ref>

There is a logic behind this cycle that if the year is counted as 360 ''[[Tithi]]s'', then this leads to exactly 35 intercalary months (with a residual small error) in 95 years.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

== Metonic Cycle ==
Yajnavalkya 95-years cycle consisted of five sub cycles of 19 years. The sub cycle of 19 years is called as [[Metonic cycle|Metonic Cycle]] in the modern times. The cycle of 19 years had been derived from the cycle of 95 years.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{CCBYSASource|sourcepath=https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/53094|sourcearticle=Yajnavalkya's 95 Years Cycle of Synchronisation}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Early scientific cosmologies]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian astronomical works]]

Yajnavalkya 95 Years Cycle - Revision history

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