imported>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 6 templates: del empty params (1×); hyphenate params (5×); cvt lang vals (1×);

2020-12-23T06:27:41Z

Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 6 templates: del empty params (1×); hyphenate params (5×); cvt lang vals (1×);

New page

{{about|the WWII military unit|the Marvel comics superhero team|X-Force|other uses|X force (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Sun Liren.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Chinese Army in India Commander [[Sun Li-jen|Sun Li-Jen]]]]
{{Campaignbox Burma}}
[[File:US equipped Chinese Army in India marching.jpg|thumb|250px|US equipped Chinese Army in India.]]
'''X Force''' was the name given to the portion of the [[National Revolutionary Army]]'s [[Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma|Chinese Expeditionary Force]] that [[Japanese capture of Burma|retreated from Burma]] into [[India]] in 1942. [[Chiang Kai-shek]] sent troops into Burma from [[Yunnan]] in 1942 to assist the [[United Kingdom|British]] in holding back the Japanese. These Chinese forces became broken up, and in the retreat out of Burma part of these forces entered India. These were cantoned at [[Ramgarh Cantonment]] in the [[Bihar Province]] (now in [[Jharkhand]] State), brought up to five-Division strength (Chinese New 30th, New 22nd, New 38th, 14th and 50th Divisions),<ref name=ibiblio>{{cite book|url=http://book.newdu.com/pbs/Print.asp?ArticleID=11831&Page=459|title=中国抗日战争正面战场作战记|language=zh|pages=459–460|access-date=28 December 2015}}</ref> and re-equipped and re-trained by [[United States|American]] instructors at British expense.

Each of the five divisions had about 15,000 troops, for a total of 75,000 for the whole force. The New 30th and New 38th Divisions formed the [[New 1st Army]] which was commanded by [[Sun Li-Jen]]. The New 22nd, 14th and 50th Divisions formed the [[New 6th Army]] which was commanded by [[Liao Yaoxiang]].<ref name=ibiblio/> They were named X Force and used by [[Joseph Stilwell|General Joseph Stilwell]] as the spearhead of his drive to open a land route to China (the [[Ledo Road]]). The outstanding Chinese commander in X Force was General [[Sun Li-Jen]], who led the Chinese 38th Division and was praised by the [[British Fourteenth Army]] Commander General (later Field Marshal) [[William Slim]] in his book ''Defeat into Victory''. The Chinese forces which re-entered Burma from [[Yunnan]] were correspondingly known as [[Y Force]].

== China Defensive 1942-1945 ==

China Defensive 1942-1945 was an essay prepared for the [[United States Army Center of Military History]] by Mark D. Sherry.

{{quote|The U.S. Army's main role in China was to keep China in the war through the provision of advice and materiel assistance. As long as China stayed in the war, millions of Imperial Japanese Army soldiers could be tied down on the Asian mainland instead of being used to fight on other fronts. Success was thus measured differently than in most theaters. How well both General Stilwell and General Wedemeyer persuaded the theater commander-in-chief, Generalissimo Chiang, to support U.S. strategic goals, and how effectively U.S. training and material support could build selected Chinese divisions into modern tactical units, capable of standing up to the Japanese, were secondary objectives. What mattered most was simply keeping China in the war against Japan.

The major U.S. failure in China was logistical: America was not able to meet its lend-lease commitments. The closing of the Burma Road in 1942 made it impossible to deliver sufficient equipment, weapons, and munitions to build the dream of a well-equipped and trained thirty-division Chinese force.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/72-38/72-38.htm|title=China Defensive 1942-1945|publisher=CMH Online|access-date=2009-10-02}}</ref>}}

==See also==
* [[India-China Division]]
* [[China Burma India Theater]]
* [[Northern Combat Area Command]]
* [[New 1st Army]]
* [[Burma Road]]
* [[V Force]]
* [[Z Force (Burma)]]
* [[Chinese Expeditionary Force (Burma)]]

==Notes==
{{refimprove|date=February 2013}}
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{Citation |last=Slim |first=Field Marshal William |author-link=William Slim |year=1956 |title=Defeat into Victory |publisher=Cassell}}
* {{Citation |last=Tuchman |first=Barbara W. |title=Stilwell and the American Experience in China }}
* {{citation |last=Webster |first=Donovan |title=The Burma Road}}

== External links ==
* {{citation|url=http://cbi-theater-1.home.comcast.net/~cbi-theater-1/cai/cai.html |title=Chinese Army India-Burma Campaign, A unique pictorial history from a Chinese perspective |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207082351/http://cbi-theater-1.home.comcast.net/~cbi-theater-1/cai/cai.html |archive-date=February 7, 2009 }}

{{commons|Chinese Army in India}}

[[Category:Units and formations of the National Revolutionary Army]]
[[Category:Second Sino-Japanese War]]

[[Category:Military units and formations of the Republic of China in World War II]]
[[Category:South-East Asian theatre of World War II]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II|C]]

X Force - Revision history

imported>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 6 templates: del empty params (1×); hyphenate params (5×); cvt lang vals (1×);