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The '''Works of [[Narmadashankar Dave|Narmadashankar Lalshankar Dave]]''' (1833 – 1886), popularly known as '''Narmad''', consist essays, poems, plays and other prose were published in collections by [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]. He is considered as the founder of modern [[Gujarati literature]].<ref name="Dave1983">{{cite book|last=Dave|first=Narmadashanker Lalshanker|editor=Ramesh M. Shukla|title=Mari Hakikat|url=http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/537875|edition=1|year=1994|publisher=Kavi Narmad Yugavart Trust|location=Surat|pages=183–184|chapter=Apendix XII (Timeline of Life)|language=gu|archive-date=2016-10-25|access-date=2016-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025050702/http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/537875|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="GSP">{{cite web | title=નર્મદશંકર દવે (Narmadashankar Dave)| website=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] | url=http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Narmadashankar-Dave.html | language=gu | accessdate=25 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="toi2010">{{cite web|author1=Bharat Yagnik |author2=Ashish Vashi|title=No Gujarati dept in Veer Narmad, Hemchandracharya varsities |website=[[The Times of India]] | date=2 July 2010 | url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOI/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOI&BaseHref=TOIA%2F2010%2F07%2F02&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=5&EntityId=Ar00503&AppName=1 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113123441/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOI/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOI&BaseHref=TOIA%2F2010%2F07%2F02&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=5&EntityId=Ar00503&AppName=1 | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 13, 2016 | accessdate=13 November 2016}}</ref>

He introduced many creative forms of writing in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]. He wrote pioneering work in such forms as [[autobiography]], [[poetry]], [[lexicography]], historical plays and research in folk literature. He was also an outspoken journalist and a pamphleteer. Narmad was a strong opponent of [[religious fanaticism]] and [[orthodoxy]]. He promoted [[nationalism]] and [[patriotism]] with famous songs like ''Sahu Chalo Jeetva Jang,'' wrote about [[self-government]] and talked about one national language, [[Hindustani language|Hundustani]], for all of India, nearly five decades before [[Mahatma Gandhi]] or [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]]. He wrote a poem ''[[Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat (Poem)|Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat]]'' in which he listed with a sense of pride all the cultural symbols that go into constituting the Gujarati identity. These symbols include even the things non-Hindu, implying that Gujarat belongs to all the castes, communities, races, religions and sects that inhabit Gujarat. The poem is now state song of Gujarat. Mahatma Gandhi had acknowledged him for his philosophy of nonviolence.<ref name="Dave1983"/><ref name="Mumbai Samachar">{{cite web | title='ડાંડિયા', 'નર્મકોશ' અને જય જય ગરવી ગુજરાત |author=Saurabh Shah | website=Mumbai Samachar | url=http://www.bombaysamachar.com/frmStoryShow.aspx?sNo=89514 | language=gu | accessdate=13 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=poemhunter>{{cite web|title=Biography of Narmadashankar Dave|url=http://www.poemhunter.com/narmadashankar-dave/biography/|publisher=poemhunter.com|accessdate=18 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=kamat>{{cite web|title=Poet Narmad|url=http://www.kamat.com/database/biographies/narmad.htm|publisher=kamat.com|accessdate=18 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=sangeetbhavantrust>{{cite web|title=Narmad, Gujarati Saraswats, Sangeet Bhavan|url=http://sangeetbhavantrust.com/narmad.html|publisher=sangeetbhavantrust.com|accessdate=18 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=indianmirror>{{cite web|title=Gujarati Language, History of Gujarati Language|url=http://www.indianmirror.com/languages/gujarati-language.html|publisher=indianmirror.com|accessdate=18 February 2014}}</ref>

His major collected works are ''[[Narmagadya]]'' ({{langx|gu|નર્મગદ્ય}}), collection of essays; ''Narmakavita'' ({{langx|gu|નર્મકવિતા}}), collection of poems; ''Narmakathakosh'' ({{langx|gu|નર્મકથાકોશ}}), collection of stories of characters of mythological literature and ''[[Narmakosh]]'' ({{langx|gu|નર્મકોશ}}), dictionary. His ''[[Mari Hakikat]]'', the first autobiography in Gujarati,{{efn-ua|In the 1840s, [[Durgaram Mehta]] had written his personal diary , ''Nityanondh'' but it was not an attempt of autobiography as in western style. Mahipatram Rupram had written a biography, ''Durgaram Charitra'' (1879) based on the diary.<ref name="Dattax">{{cite book|author=Amaresh Datta|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA527|year=1987|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1|page=527}}</ref>}} was published posthumously.{{efn-ua|Narmad had written his autobiography in 1866 but he had requested it to be published posthumously. It was published in 1933, on his birth centenary. Two autobiographies were published before it, ''Hu Pote'' (1900) by Narayan Hemchandra and ''[[The Story of My Experiments with Truth|Satyana Prayogo]]'' (1925-1929) by [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name="Kusum2016">{{cite book | last=Pandya | first=Kusum H| title=Gujarati Atmakatha Tena Swarupagat Prashno. Thesis. Department of Gujarati, Sardar Patel University.| website=Shodhganga web | date=31 December 1986 | url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/98617 | accessdate=28 October 2016|language=gu|pages=200–220| hdl=10603/98617}}</ref>}}

==Poetry==
His ''Narmakavita:1-3'' (1858), ''Narmakavita:4-8'' (1859) and ''Narmakavita:9-10'' (1860) were collected in ''Narmakavita:Book 1'' (1962). Later ''Narmakavita:Book 2'' (1863) was published. His all poetry were later collected in ''Narmakavita'' (1864).<ref name="GSP"/>

His poem, "[[Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat]]", (1873) is used as a ''[[de facto]]'' state song of [[Gujarat]].<ref name="toi2010"/>

==Prose==
His ''Rasapravesh'' (1858), ''Pingalpravesh'' (1857), ''Alankarpravesh'' (1858), ''Narmavyakaran'' Part I and II (1865), ''Varnavichar'' (1865), ''Nayika Vishaypravesh'' (1866) are his collections of essays on [[poetics]] with historical importance.<ref name="GSP"/>

''Rituvarnan'' (1861), ''Hinduoni Padati'' (1864), ''Kavicharit'' (1865), ''Suratni Mukhtesar Hakikat'' (1865), ''[[Iliad]]no Sar'' (1870), ''Mahipatram Rupram Mehta'' (1870), ''Mahapurushona Charitra'' (1870), ''[[Mahabharata]]no Sar'' (1870), ''[[Ramayana]]no Sar'' (1870), ''Sarshakuntal'' (1881), ''Bhagvadgitanu Bhashantar'' (1882) are his prose works. His other writings between 1850 and 1865 collected in ''Narmagadya'' (1865) and posthumously published ''Narmagadya-2'' (1936) are his other prose works. ''Mari Hakikat'', his autobiography written in 1866 and published posthumously in 1933, is the first autobiography of Gujarati. ''Uttar Narmad Charitra'' (1939) was also published chronicling his later life.<ref name="GSP"/>

His essays are collected and edited in three volumes. They are ''Narmadgadya'' or ''Narmadashankar Lalashankarna Gadyatmak Granthono Sangrah'' (1875) edited by Mahipatram Rupram Nilkanth, ''Narmadnu Mandir''-Gadya Vibhag (1937) edited by Vishwanath Bhatt and ''Narmadgadya''(1975) edited by Gambhirsinh Gohil. His fifteen prose were collected in ''Junu Narmadgadya'' Part I, II (1865, 1874) are also important.<ref name="GSP"/>

He had researched and edited several works. Manohar Swami's ''Manhar Pad'' (1860), ''Narmakosh'': Issue 1 (1861), ''Narmakosh'': Issue 2 (1862), ''Narmakosh'':Issue 3 (1864), ''Narmakosh'':Issue 4 (1865). ''Narmakathakosh'' (1870), ''Dayaramkrut Kavyasangrah'' (1865), ''Stree Geet Sangrah'' (1870) of songs popular in [[Nagar Brahmin]] ladies, [[Premanand]]'s ''Dashamskandh'' (1872) and the complete issue of ''Narmakosh'' (1873) are his edited and researched works.<ref name="GSP"/>

''Tusli Vaidhvyachitra'' (dialogue, 1859), ''Rmjanaki Darshan'' (1876), ''Draupadidarshan'' (1878), ''Balkrishnavijay'' (1886), ''Krishnakumari'' are his plays and dialogues. His ''Seetaharan'' (1878) is unpublished play. ''Rajyarang'' Part I, II (1874, 1876) are his works on ancient and modern history of world. ''Dharmavichar'' is his work on [[philosophy]]. ''Gujarat Sarvasangrah'' (1887) and ''Kathiawar Sarvasangrah'' (1887) are his historical works.<ref name="GSP"/>

''[[Mari Hakikat]]'', his autobiography written in 1866 and published posthumously in 1933, is the first autobiography of Gujarati. His some notes and letters were published as ''Uttar Narmad Charitra'' (1939).<ref name="Kusum2016"/><ref name="GSP"/><ref name="Dave1983"/>

==List of works==
The list is as follows:<ref name="Dave1983"/>
{| {{table}}
! No.
! Year of Publication
! Name of the Publication
|-
| 1||1850 - 51||''Mandaii Malvathi Thata Labh''
|-
| 2||1856||''Vyabhichar Nishedhak''
|-
| 3||1856||''Muvan Pachhvade Rova Kutvani Ghelai''
|-
| 4||1856||''Swadeshabhiman''
|-
| 5||1856||''Nirashrit Pratye Shreemantna Dharma''
|-
| 6||1857||''Pingal Pravesh''
|-
| 7||1857||''Streena Dharma''
|-
| 8||1857||''Guru ane Stree''
|-
| 9||1858||''Narmakavita'' - 1, 2
|-
| 10||1858||''Alamkar Pravesh''
|-
| 11||1858||''Rasa Pravesh''
|-
| 12||1858||''Garibai Vishe Bhikharidasno Samvad''
|-
| 13||1858||''Kavi ane Kavita''
|-
| 14||1859||''Samp''
|-
| 15||1859||''Vishayi Guru''
|-
| 16||1859||''Guruni Satta''
|-
| 17||1859||''Narmakavita'' - 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
|-
| 18||1860||''Narmakavita'' - 9, 10
|-
| 19||1860||''Dayaramkrut Kavyasamgrah''
|-
| 20||1860||''Punarvivah''
|-
| 21||1860||''Lagna tatha Punariagna''
|-
| 22||1860||''Bhakti''
|-
| 23||1860||''Sakar''
|-
| 24||1860||''Manhar Pad (Manohar Swaminan Pad)''
|-
| 25||1859 - 63||''Tulji Vaidhvya Chitra'' (In the form of a dialogue)
|-
| 26||1861||''[[Narma Kosh]] - I''
|-
| 27||1861||''Rituvaman''
|-
| 28||1862||''Narmakavita - Book 1'' (Collection of Poems for the last seven years)
|-
| 29||1862||''Narma Kosh - 2''
|-
| 30||1863||''Narmakavita - Book - 2''
|-
| 31||1864||''Hinduoni Padti''
|-
| 32||1864||''Narmakavita'' (Comprehensive volume)
|-
| 33||1864||''Dandio'' (The journal was started)
|-
| 34||1864||''Narma Kosh'' - 3
|-
| 35||1864||''Ranman Pachhan Pagian Na Karva Vishe''
|-
| 36||1865||''[[Narmagadya]]''
|-
| 37||1865||''Kavicharitra''
|-
| 38||1865||''Dayaramkrut Kavya Samgrah''
|-
| 39||1865||''Narma Vyakaran'' Vol. I
|-
| 40||1865||''Suratni Mukhtesar Hakikat''
|-
| 41||1865||''Narma Vyakaran'' Vol. 2. Part 1
|-
| 42||1865||''Narrna Kosh'' - 4
|-
|43||1866||''Nayika Vishay Pravesh''
|-
| 44||1867||''Mevadni Hakikat''
|-
| 45||1868||''Sajivaropan''
|-
| 46||1868||''Stree Kelavni''
|-
| 47||1868-69||''Gujarationi Sthiti''
|-
| 48||1869||''Kelavni Vishe''
|-
| 49||1869||''Kul Motap''
|-
| 50||1869||''Udyog tatha Vruddhi''
|-
| 51||1869||''Sukh''
|-
| 52||1870||''Ramayanno Sar''
|-
| 53||1870||''Mahabharatno Sar''
|-
| 54||1870||''Diadno Sar''
|-
| 55||1870||''Narma Kathakosh''
|-
| 56||1870||''Narma Kathakosh''
|-
| 57||1870||''Nagar Streeoman Gavatan Geet''
|-
| 58||1872||''Premanandkrut Dasham Skandh''
|-
| 59||1873||''Narma Kosh'' (Complete)
|-
| 60||1874||''Mahadarshan (Jagatna Pracheen Itihasnun Samagra Darshan)''
|-
| 61||1874||''Rajyarang -1 (Jagatna Pracheen tatha Arvacheen Itihas)''
|-
| 62||1875||[[Nalakhyan|''Premanandkrut Nalakhyan'']]
|-
| 63||1876||''Ram Janaki Darshan''
|-
| 64||1878||''Shree Draupadi Darshan Natak''
|-
| 65||1878||''Seetaharan Natak'' (Unpublished)
|-
| 66||1881||''Shree Sarshakuntal''
|-
| 67||1886||''Balkrishna Vijay Natak*''
|-
| 68||1886||''Dharma Vichar''
|-
| 69||1889||''Kathiawad Sarva Sangrah'' (posthumous)
|-
| 70|| ||''Rajyarang - Vol. 2''
|-
| 71|| ||''Arya Darshan''
|-
| 72|| ||''Krishna Kumari Natak''
|-
| 73|| ||''Shreemad Bhagvad Geeta''
|-
| 74||1887 ||''Gujarat Sarva Samgrah'' (posthumous)
|-
| 75||1911 ||''Desh Vyavahar Vyavastha''
|-
| 76||1933 ||''[[Mari Hakikat]]'' (completed in 1866)
|}

==Works about Narmadashankar Dave==
The list of works published about Narmad:<ref name="Brokara1977">{{cite book|last=Broker|first=Gulabdas|authorlink=Gulabdas Broker|title=Narmadashankar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eesPAAAAMAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|page=86}}</ref>
{| {{table}}
! No.
! Title
! Author
! Publisher
|-
| 1||''[[Kavijivan]]''||[[Navalram Pandya]]
|
|-
| 2||[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.305051|''Veer Narmad'']]||Vishwanath Bhatt
|
|-
| 3||''Narmad Shatabdi Granth''||
|Mumbai Narmad Shatabdi Samiti
|-
| 4||''Kavi Narmad Shatabdi Smarak Chitravali''||
|[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]
|-
| 5||''Narmad: Arvachinoma Adya''||[[K. M. Munshi]]
|
|-
| 6||''Narmadashankar Kavi''||[[Ramnarayan V. Pathak]]
|
|-
| 7||[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.305158|''Narmad: Arvachin Gadya Padyano Adya Praneta'']]||Ramnarayan V. Pathak
|
|-
| 8||''Navyugno Prahari: Narmad''||[[Bhogilal Gandhi]]
|
|-
| 9||''Narmadashankar'' (in English)||[[Gulabdas Broker]]
|
|-
| 10||[[iarchive:NarmadEkCharacter|''Narmad: Ek Character'']] (Humorous sketch of Narmad)||[[Vinod Bhatt]]
|
|-
| 11||''Society and Literature: Narmad in Critical Discourse''||Rakesh Desai (ed.)
|
|}

==Adaptation==
''Narmad:Mari Hakikat'' or ''Narmad:My Life'', a [[soliloquy]] based on his autobiography and life, was written and directed by Harish Trivedi while it was performed by Chandrakant Shah. It was premiered in [[Dayton, Ohio]], US in 1995 and later toured India, UK, France.<ref name="Kumar">{{cite web | last=Kumar | first=Alok | title=India Foundation, Dayton, OH | website=OoCities | url=http://www.oocities.org/india_found/narmad.htm | accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Internet Archive 2011">{{cite web | title=Narmad | website=Internet Archive | date=24 September 2011 | url=http://www.narmad.com/factsheetmain.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924231846/http://www.narmad.com/factsheetmain.html | accessdate=24 October 2016| archive-date=2011-09-24 }}</ref> It was critically acclaimed.<ref name="Internet Archive 2011"/>

== Notes ==
{{notelist-ua}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Works by Indian writers]]
[[Category:Gujarati literature]]

Works of Narmad - Revision history

Anis: Creating The Pg Basic Info!