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{{Short description|Longest form of cricket}}
{{about|the format for women's international cricket|the men's format|Test cricket}}{{EngvarB|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
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| image1 = Test cricket - women - 1935.jpg
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| caption1 = The first women's Test match was played [[English women's cricket team in Australia and New Zealand in 1934–35|between England and Australia in 1934–35]]
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| caption2 = [[England women's national cricket team|England's]] [[Sarah Taylor (cricketer)|Sarah Taylor]] (left) and [[Australia women's national cricket team|Australia's]] [[Ellyse Perry]] (right) during the [[The Women's Ashes|Women's Ashes]] Test match played in [[English women's cricket team in Australia in 2017-18|2017–18]]
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'''Women's Test cricket''' is the longest format of [[women's cricket]] and is the female equivalent to men's [[Test cricket]]. Matches comprise four-innings and are held over a maximum of four days between two of the leading cricketing nations. The rules governing the format differ little from those for the men's game, with differences generally being technicalities surrounding umpiring and field size.

The first women's Test match was played by [[England national women's cricket team|England women]] and [[Australia national women's cricket team|Australia women]] in December [[English women's cricket team in Australia and New Zealand in 1934–35|1934]], a three-day contest held in [[Brisbane]] which England won by nine wickets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/67401.html |title=1st Test: Australia Women v England Women at Brisbane, Dec 28–31, 1934 |publisher=[[Cricinfo]] |date=28 December 1934 |access-date=9 February 2010}}</ref> A total of 144 Women's Test matches have been played. Far fewer matches are played each year in favour of [[Women's One Day International]]s and [[Women's Twenty20 International]]s, with the international calendar revolving around the shorter formats of the game.

==Playing conditions==
Women's Test cricket is subject to the [[Laws of cricket]], with a number of variations and refinements, which are set out in the ICC's "Women's Test match playing conditions" document. For the most part, these playing conditions are very similar to those set out for men's Test cricket. Matches are played between two teams of eleven players, across up to four [[Innings#Cricket|innings]]. Test cricket can have three [[Result (cricket)|results]]: a tie, a draw, or one team wins.<ref name="WomenRules">{{cite web|url=http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/518a6a6eab4dc-Women%27s%20Test%20Match%20Playing%20Conditions.pdf |title=Women's Test match playing conditions |publisher=[[International Cricket Council]] |date=1 October 2012 |access-date=12 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823213742/http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/518a6a6eab4dc-Women's%20Test%20Match%20Playing%20Conditions.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The primary, and most noticeable, difference from the men's game is that women's Test matches are played over four days, rather than five. However, the players are expected to fit more [[Over (cricket)|overs]] in per hour in the women's game than the men's: 17 as opposed to 15, and so a full day's play in a women's Test match should include 100 overs, rather than 90. The [[cricket field]] has smaller dimensions; the boundaries must be between {{convert|55|and|70|yards|m|2|lk=in}}, in contrast to the {{convert|65|to|90|yards|m|2}} required in men's Tests.<ref name="WomenRules"/><ref name="MenRules">{{cite web|url=http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/518b7c30223b3-03%5D%20Standard%20Test%20Match_2012_UPDATE.pdf |title=Standard Test match playing conditions |publisher=International Cricket Council |date=30 April 2013 |access-date=12 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823220720/http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/518b7c30223b3-03]%20Standard%20Test%20Match_2012_UPDATE.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> As well as playing on a smaller field, the women use a smaller and lighter [[Cricket ball|ball]] than their male counterparts; the Laws of cricket dictate that women should use a ball that is between {{fraction|4|15|16}} and {{fraction|5|5|16}} [[ounce]]s (139.98 and 150.61 grams); which could be up to {{fraction|13|16}} ounces (23.03 grams) lighter than the ball used by the men.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball/ |title=Law 5 (The ball) |publisher=[[Marylebone Cricket Club]] |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> The [[Decision Review System]] (UDRS) is now available in women's Test matches, also [[Umpire (cricket)|umpires]] are permitted to ask the [[third umpire]] to check television replays in certain cases.<ref name="WomenRules"/><ref name="MenRules"/>

As women's tests are played over four days the minimum lead to impose a [[follow-on]] is 150 runs, compared to 200 in men's test cricket.

==Nations==
In all, ten national women's teams have competed in Test cricket. The [[England women's cricket team|England]] team's tour of [[Australia women's national cricket team|Australia]] and [[New Zealand women's national cricket team|New Zealand]] in the 1934–35 season established the first three sides, and it is those three teams that have competed in Test cricket most frequently; each having played at least 45 matches. [[South Africa women's national cricket team|South Africa]] were the next side to play the format, contesting their first match in 1960.<ref name="Test summary">{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283305.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Team records / Results summary |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref> However, due in part to their exclusion from international sport due to the nation's [[apartheid]] policy,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecommonwealth.org/news/34580/212035/206732/110609archivesouthafrica.htm |title=From the Archive: Gleneagles Agreement on Sport |publisher=[[Commonwealth Secretariat]] |date=11 June 2009 |access-date=12 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917023348/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/news/34580/212035/206732/110609archivesouthafrica.htm |archive-date=17 September 2012 }}</ref> they have only played in thirteen Test matches, fewer than [[India women's national cricket team|India]]. Four sides — [[Pakistan women's national cricket team|Pakistan]], [[Ireland women's cricket team|Ireland]], the [[Netherlands women's national cricket team|Netherlands]] and [[Sri Lanka women's national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] — have competed in fewer than five Test matches.<ref name="Test summary"/>

==Recent developments==
As of April 2019, there had only been one Women's Test match in the previous three years, and only two teams other than England and Australia had played in a Women's Test in the previous ten years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26475643/india-key-more-women-tests-lanning |title=India the key to more women's Tests - Lanning |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=9 April 2019}}</ref> Australia's captain, [[Meg Lanning]], expressed her interest in more Women's Test matches being played.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1172662 |title=Meg Lanning wants a more steady diet of Test cricket |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=9 April 2019}}</ref> In July 2019, following the conclusion of the [[Australia women's cricket team in England in 2019#Only Test|one-off Women's Ashes Test]] in England, the question was raised about whether Women's Test matches should be played across five days, instead of four. The match had two sessions washed out and finished in a draw.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27241974/should-women-tests-played-five-days |title=Should women's Tests be played over five days? |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref>

In December 2019, New Zealand's [[Sophie Devine]] requested that administrators arrange a Women's Test match between New Zealand and Australia, following a strong performance in the [[Women's Big Bash League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/117943395/sophie-devine-pleads-for-white-ferns-to-be-scheduled-a-test-match |title=Sophie Devine pleads for White Ferns to be scheduled a test match |work=Stuff |date=4 December 2019 |access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref> New Zealand's women last played in a Test match in 2004, and their last encounter against Australia in the format was in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/cricket/nz-want-test-off-wbbl-success/news-story/5955bf9c2b85311b1ba87975c3a75b76 |title=NZ want Test off WBBL success |work=The Australian |access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref> In June 2020, during an ICC webinar, Devine and India's [[Jemimah Rodrigues]] both supported the idea of a multi-format series for women's cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29292572/sophie-devine-backs-smaller,-lighter-ball-women-cricket |title=Sophie Devine backs smaller, lighter ball in women's cricket |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=10 June 2020}}</ref>

In April 2021, the ICC awarded permanent Test and [[Women's One Day International|One Day International]] (ODI) status to all full member women's teams.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/2081342|title=The International Cricket Council (ICC) Board and Committee meetings have concluded following a series of virtual conference calls|publisher=ICC|date=1 April 2021|access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>

On [[International Women's Day#IWD 2021|International Women's Day 2021]], it was announced that India and England would play a one-off Test later in the year.<ref name="espn 2021-03-08">{{cite web |author1=ESPNcricinfo staff |title=India Women to play Test against England this year, says BCCI secretary Jay Shah |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-women-to-play-test-against-england-this-year-bcci-secretary-jay-shah-1254222 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2021 |date=8 March 2021}}</ref> The Test was played at [[Bristol County Ground]], between 16 and 19 June 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Only Test, Bristol, 16 - 19 June 2021, India Women tour of England |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-women-tour-of-england-2021-1260086/england-women-vs-india-women-only-test-1260093/live-cricket-score |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref><ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-women-tour-of-england-2021-1260086/england-women-vs-india-women-only-test-1260093/full-scorecard scorecard]</ref> Additionally, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] was said to be in talks with [[Cricket Australia]] about a possible Test match between India and Australia.<ref name="wcz 2021-03-08">{{cite web |author1=Women's CricZone Staff |title=India set to play a Test against England this year; match likely during their proposed England tour |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/india-set-to-play-a-test-against-england-this-year-match-likely-during-their-proposed-england-tour |website=Women's Criczone |access-date=9 March 2021 |date=8 March 2021}}</ref>

Between 2000 and June 2021, only thirty women's Test matches were played, with fourteen of those being Ashes Tests between Australia and England.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/57344346 |title=England's Amy Jones says women could play more Test cricket |work=BBC Sport |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref>

On 20 May 2021, Cricket Australia confirmed that an Australia versus India Test match would be played at the [[WACA Ground]], Perth, between 30 September and 3 October 2021.<ref name="c.c.au 2021-05-20">{{cite web |last1=Jolly |first1=Laura |title=WACA makes Test comeback for drought-breaking clash |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/australia-india-test-match-waca-ground-day-night-pink-ball-schedule-lanning-goswami-mithali/2021-05-20 |website=Cricket.com.au |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref> Due to COVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions, the match was later moved to [[Carrara Stadium|Metricon Stadium]] on the [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] in Queensland.<ref name="twa 2021-08-30">{{cite news |title=Perth ROBBED of historic Test as CA shifts series to QLD |url=https://thewest.com.au/sport/cricket/ca-shifts-aussie-womens-series-to-qld-c-3818143 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The West Australian]] |agency=[[Australian Associated Press|AAP]] |date=30 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Another Test match, between Australia and England, was played at [[Manuka Oval]], Canberra, between 27 and 30 January 2022, as part of the [[English women's cricket team in Australia in 2021–22|2021–22 Women's Ashes series]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/57156642 |title=Ashes 2021-22 schedule: Dates announced for men's and women's series |work=BBC Sport |access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref> Both of these matches ended in a draw.<ref>{{cite news |title=Full Scorecard of IND Women vs AUS Women Only Test 2021/22 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-women-in-australia-2021-22-1263613/australia-women-vs-india-women-only-test-1263620/full-scorecard |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Full Scorecard of AUS Women vs ENG Women Only Test 2021/22 - Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-ashes-2021-22-1263566/australia-women-vs-england-women-only-test-1263571/full-scorecard |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In an interview on the BBC ''[[Test Match Special]]'' radio programme during the 1st Test of [[New Zealand cricket team in England in 2022|the New Zealand men's tour of England]] in early June 2022, Greg Barclay, Chair of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC), asserted that women's Test cricket will not be "part of the landscape moving forward to any real extent".<ref name="abc 2022-06-03">{{cite news |title=Women's Test matches 'not part of future landscape' says ICC chief |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-04/icc-chair-greg-barclay-criticised-for-women-s-cricket-test-comme/101126136 |access-date=12 June 2022 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=3 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The assertion generated significant controversy, and also calls from former women's Test cricketers and others for the ICC to return control of the women's game to women's cricket associations.<ref name="abc 2022-06-11">{{cite news |last1=Carter |first1=Brittany |title=Former greats call for ICC to hand back control of women's cricket |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-11/former-greats-call-for-icc-to-hand-back-control-of-women-cricket/101144254 |access-date=12 June 2022 |work=ABC News |date=11 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

At the end of June 2022, England and South Africa played their first women's Test match against each other since 2003. The match was South Africa's first women's Test since [[South African women's cricket team in India in 2014–15|November 2014]]. It was played at the [[County Ground, Taunton|County Ground]], [[Taunton]], England, and was the first stage of [[South Africa women's cricket team in England in 2022|a multi-format South African tour of England]].<ref name="ss 2022-02-15">{{cite web |title=England Women set for first Test match against South Africa for nearly 20 years in busy summer |url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/12542576/england-women-set-for-first-test-match-against-south-africa-for-nearly-20-years-in-busy-summer |website=[[Sky Sports]] |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en |date=15 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricket.co.za/2022/02/15/momentum-proteas-multi-format-tour-to-england-confirmed/ |title=Momentum Proteas multi-format tour to England confirmed |work=Cricket South Africa |access-date=15 February 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+Women's Test cricket teams<ref name="Test summary"/>
|-
!scope="col" | Team
!scope="col" | First
!scope="col" | Latest
!scope="col" | Matches
!scope="col" | Won
!scope="col" | Lost
!scope="col" | Drawn
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|AFG|2013}}
| n/a || n/a || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|AUS}}
| 1934 || 2022 || 76 || 20 || 10 || 46
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|BAN}}
| n/a || n/a || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|ENG}}
| 1934 || 2022 || 98 || 20 || 14 || 64
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|IND}}
| 1976 || 2021 || 38 || 5 || 6 || 27
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|IRE}}
| 2000 || 2000 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|NED}}
| 2007 || 2007 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|NZL}}
| 1935 || 2004 || 45 || 2 || 10 || 33
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|PAK}}
| 1998 || 2004 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 1
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|RSA}}
| 1960 || 2022 || 13 || 1 || 5 || 7
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|SRI}}
| 1998 || 1998 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|WIN}}
| 1976 || 2004 || 12 || 1 || 3 || 8
|-
!scope="row" | {{crw|ZIM}}
| n/a || n/a || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|}

==Records==
[[File:BettyWilson.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=Black and white image of Betty Wilson batting|[[Betty Wilson]] was the first player (man or woman) to take 10 wickets and score a century in the same Test, including the first Women's Test hat-trick.]]
{{main|List of women's Test cricket records}}
Due to the infrequent playing of women's Test cricket outside of Australia, England and New Zealand, cumulative records, such as the most runs during a career, are dominated by players from those three nations. England's [[Jan Brittin]] has scored the most runs during her career, totalling 1,935 during her 27 matches, and 18 of the top twenty players come from either Australia, England or New Zealand.<ref name="totalruns">{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284265.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Batting records / Most runs in career |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> The Australian batsman [[Denise Annetts]], who is 15th on that list,<ref name="totalruns"/> has the highest [[Batting average (cricket)|batting average]], 81.90, from her ten matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284197.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Batting records / Highest career batting average |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> Annetts was also involved in the largest [[Partnership (cricket)|partnership]] in women's Test cricket, sharing a stand of 309 runs with [[Lindsay Reeler]] in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283620.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Partnership records / Highest partnerships for any wicket |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> Seven women have scored double [[Century (cricket)|centuries]] in Test cricket; the highest of these was the 242 runs scored by Pakistan's [[Kiran Baluch]] against the West Indies in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284261.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Batting records / Most runs in an innings |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref>

[[Mary Duggan]], who played for England between 1949 and 1963 is the leading wicket-taker in women's Test cricket, claiming 77 wickets from 17 matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283977.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Bowling records / Most wickets in career |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> The next most prolific bowler is Australia's [[Betty Wilson]], who claimed her 68 wickets at the lowest [[bowling average]], 11.80 and the first hat-trick in Women's Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283916.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Bowling records / Best career bowling average |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> Both of the players with the best bowling figures, in an innings and in a match, are from the [[Indian subcontinent]]; India's [[Neetu David]] holds the record for the best figures in an innings, having taken eight second innings wickets against England in 1995,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283972.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Bowling records / Best figures in an innings |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> while Pakistan's [[Shaiza Khan]] took thirteen wickets in a match against the West Indies in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283968.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Bowling records / Best figures in a match |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref>

Amongst [[wicket-keeper]]s, [[Christina Matthews]] has taken the most dismissals in her career, accumulating 46 catches and 12 stumpings during her 20 matches for Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283380.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Wicketkeeping records / Most dismissals in career |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> [[Lisa Nye]] holds the record for the most dismissals in a single innings, having been responsible for eight of the ten wickets for England against New Zealand in 1992.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283375.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Wicketkeeping records / Most dismissals in an innings |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> Only two players have achieved the [[all-rounder]]s double of scoring a century and taking ten wickets in the same match; [[Betty Wilson]] did it against England in 1958, while [[Enid Bakewell]] managed it for England against the West Indies in 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/287369.html |title= Records / Women's Test matches / All-round records / 100 runs and 10 wickets in a match |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> Wilson's performance was the first time such a feat had been achieved in Men's or Women's Tests and also included the first [[Hat-trick (cricket)|hat-trick]] in Women's Tests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/498137.html |title=Records / Women's Test matches / Bowling records / Hat-tricks |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=21 April 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Cricket|Sports}}
* [[List of women's Test cricket grounds]]
* [[The Women's Ashes]]
* [[Women's One Day International cricket]]
* [[Women's Twenty20 International]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{International women's cricket}}
{{International cricket}}
{{Women's national cricket teams}}
{{Forms of cricket}}

[[Category:Women's Test cricket| ]]

Women's Test cricket - Revision history

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|Cricket\|Sports}}~~
	* [[List of women's Test cricket grounds]]		* [[List of women's Test cricket grounds]]
	* [[The Women's Ashes]]		* [[The Women's Ashes]]