William Wedderburn - Revision history

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			{{short description\|British civil servant and politician}}
	{{about\|Scottish politician\|New Brunswick judge and politician\|William Wedderburn (Canadian politician)\|English politician\|Bill Wedderburn, Baron Wedderburn of Charlton}}		{{about\|Scottish politician\|New Brunswick judge and politician\|William Wedderburn (Canadian politician)\|English politician\|Bill Wedderburn, Baron Wedderburn of Charlton}}
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	He entered the Indian Civil Service in Bombay in 1860, served as District Judge and Judicial Commissioner in Sind; acted as secretary to Bombay Government, Judicial and Political Departments; and from 1885 acted as Judge of the High Court, [[Bombay]]. He retired when acting Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay in 1887. During his work he noted the troubles of peasantry arising from moneylending and he suggested that co-operative agricultural banks be established to provide credits at reasonable rates. The proposal was supported in India but was blocked by the India Office. Wedderburn supported reforms suggested by [[Lord Ripon]] to develop [[local self-government]] and equality to Indian judges. He was seen as supporting the aspirations of Indians and was denied a judge position in the Bombay high court. This led him to retire early in 1887. Along with [[Allan Octavian Hume]] he was a founder of the [[Indian National Congress]] and served as its president in 1889 and 1910.<ref name="IndianBio" /> He worked along with influential Congress leaders in Bombay and in 1890 he chaired the [[British committee of the Indian National Congress]], helped publish the journal '''''India''''' and attempted to support the movement through parliamentary action in Britain. He developed a close working relationship with [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale\|G. K. Gokhale]] of the Congress.<ref name=odnb /> He was an unsuccessful parliamentary candidate in [[North Ayrshire (UK Parliament constituency)\|North Ayrshire]] in 1892 and served as [[Liberal Party (UK)\|Liberal]] Member of Parliament for [[Banffshire (UK Parliament constituency)\|Banffshire]] from 1893 to 1900.<ref name="IndianBio" />		He entered the Indian Civil Service in Bombay in 1860, served as District Judge and Judicial Commissioner in Sind; acted as secretary to Bombay Government, Judicial and Political Departments; and from 1885 acted as Judge of the High Court, [[Bombay]]. He retired when acting Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay in 1887. During his work he noted the troubles of peasantry arising from moneylending and he suggested that co-operative agricultural banks be established to provide credits at reasonable rates. The proposal was supported in India but was blocked by the India Office. Wedderburn supported reforms suggested by [[Lord Ripon]] to develop [[local self-government]] and equality to Indian judges. He was seen as supporting the aspirations of Indians and was denied a judge position in the Bombay high court. This led him to retire early in 1887. Along with [[Allan Octavian Hume]] he was a founder of the [[Indian National Congress]] and served as its president in 1889 and 1910.<ref name="IndianBio" /> He worked along with influential Congress leaders in Bombay and in 1890 he chaired the [[British committee of the Indian National Congress]], helped publish the journal '''''India''''' and attempted to support the movement through parliamentary action in Britain. He developed a close working relationship with [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale\|G. K. Gokhale]] of the Congress.<ref name=odnb /> He was an unsuccessful parliamentary candidate in [[North Ayrshire (UK Parliament constituency)\|North Ayrshire]] in 1892 and served as [[Liberal Party (UK)\|Liberal]] Member of Parliament for [[Banffshire (UK Parliament constituency)\|Banffshire]] from 1893 to 1900.<ref name="IndianBio" />

	He was a member of the [[Royal Commission on Indian Expenditure]] in 1895 and chairman of Indian Parliamentary Committee. He was considered a great friend of the Indian Progressive Movement and presided at the Indian National Congress, 1889, later ~~Chairman~~, British Committee of the Indian National Congress.<ref name="IndianBio" /> In 1910 he returned to India as Congress president and tried to solve [[Hindu–Islamic relations\|the rift between Hindus and Muslims]] and attempted to reconcile the differences between those who wished to work constitutionally and those who wanted to use more militant actions. He wrote a biographical memoir of A. O. Hume who died in 1912.<ref name=odnb />		He was a member of the [[Royal Commission on Indian Expenditure]] in 1895 and chairman of Indian Parliamentary Committee. He was considered a great friend of the Indian Progressive Movement and presided at the Indian National Congress, 1889, later chairman, British Committee of the Indian National Congress.<ref name="IndianBio" /> In 1910 he returned to India as Congress president and tried to solve [[Hindu–Islamic relations\|the rift between Hindus and Muslims]] and attempted to reconcile the differences between those who wished to work constitutionally and those who wanted to use more militant actions. He wrote a biographical memoir of A. O. Hume who died in 1912.<ref name=odnb />

	==Marriage and children==		==Marriage and children==

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{{about|Scottish politician|New Brunswick judge and politician|William Wedderburn (Canadian politician)|English politician|Bill Wedderburn, Baron Wedderburn of Charlton}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
|name = Sir William Wedderburn, Bt
|honorific-suffix =
|image = William_Wedderburn.jpg
|caption =
|office = Member of Parliament<br />for [[Banffshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Banffshire]]
|term_start = 1893
|term_end = 1900
|predecessor = [[Robert Duff (politician, born 1835)|Sir Robert Duff]]
|successor = [[Alexander William Black]]
|birth_date = 25 March 1838
|birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland, United Kingdom
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1918|01|25|1838|03|25|df=y}}
|death_place = Meredith, England, United Kingdom
|party = [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]]
|otherparty = Co-founder of [[Indian National Congress]]
|spouse =
|partner = 
|relations = [[Ogilvy-Wedderburn baronets|Wedderburn family]]
|nationality = [[British people|British]]
|children =
|residence =
|alma_mater = [[University of Edinburgh]]
|occupation =
|profession = [[Civil servant]], [[politician]]
|cabinet =
|committees =
|portfolio =
|signature =
}}
[[File:WilliamWedderburn.jpg|thumb|right|William Wedderburn]]
'''Sir William Wedderburn, 4th Baronet''', [[Justice of the Peace|JP]] [[Deputy Lieutenant|DL]] (25 March 1838 – 25 January 1918) was a British civil servant and politician who was a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] member of Parliament (MP). Wedderburn was one of the founding members of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Nanda |first=Bal Ram |date=2015 |title=Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=542 |isbn=9781400870493 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mookerjee |first1=Girija |last2=Andrews|first2=C.F |date=1938 |title=Routledge Revivals: The Rise and Growth of the Congress in India |publisher=Routledge |page=306 |isbn=9781315405483}}</ref> He was also the [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|president]] of Congress in 1889 and 1910, Allahabad session <ref>= https://www.inc.in/en/leadership/past-party-president/sir-william-wedderburn></ref><ref name="inc Bio">{{cite web |title=William Wedderburn - Read here complete information about William Wedderburn biography, History, education, Family, fact, other information |url=https://www.inc.in/en/leadership/past-party-president/sir-william-wedderburn |website=Indian National Congress |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref>

==Early life==
William Wedderburn was born in [[Edinburgh]], the fourth and youngest son of [[Sir John Wedderburn, 2nd Baronet]] and Henrietta Louise Milburn. His grandfather, [[Sir David Wedderburn, 1st Baronet|Sir David]], had had the title of the [[Wedderburn baronets|Wedderburn baronetcy]] restored to the family, following the [[attainder]] after the [[Jacobite rising of 1745]] and the subsequent regain of fortune via the [[Sugar plantations in the Caribbean|slave sugar plantations of Jamaica]].

William was educated at Hofwyl Workshop, then [[Loretto School]] and finally at [[Edinburgh University]].<ref name="IndianBio">{{cite book|title=The Indian Biographical Dictionary|editor=C. Hayavadana Rao|editor-link=C. Hayavadana Rao|publisher=Pillar & Co.|year=1915|pages=460–61|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Indian_Biographical_Dictionary_%281915%29/Wedderburn,_Sir_William |access-date=14 March 2010}}</ref> He joined the [[Indian Civil Service]] as his father and an older brother had done. His older brother John had been killed in the [[1857 uprising]] and William joined the service in 1860 after ranking third (of 160 applicants) in the entrance exam of 1859.<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB|first=Edward C. |last=Moulton|chapter=Wedderburn, Sir William, fourth baronet (1838–1918)|title= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|year=2004| doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/41165}}</ref><ref name=bio>{{cite book|author=Ratcliffe, S.K.|title=Sir William Wedderburn and the Indian reform movement|publisher=George Allen and Unwin|place=London|year=1923|url=https://archive.org/stream/Wedderburn#page/n1/mode/2up}}</ref> [[Sir David Wedderburn, 3rd Baronet|His elder brother David]], a widely travelled MP, was the 3rd baronet.

==Career==
[[File:HumeWedderburnNaoroji.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Wedderburn (right) with Hume (left) and Dadabhai Naoroji]]
He entered the Indian Civil Service in Bombay in 1860, served as District Judge and Judicial Commissioner in Sind; acted as secretary to Bombay Government, Judicial and Political Departments; and from 1885 acted as Judge of the High Court, [[Bombay]]. He retired when acting Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay in 1887. During his work he noted the troubles of peasantry arising from moneylending and he suggested that co-operative agricultural banks be established to provide credits at reasonable rates. The proposal was supported in India but was blocked by the India Office. Wedderburn supported reforms suggested by [[Lord Ripon]] to develop [[local self-government]] and equality to Indian judges. He was seen as supporting the aspirations of Indians and was denied a judge position in the Bombay high court. This led him to retire early in 1887. Along with [[Allan Octavian Hume]] he was a founder of the [[Indian National Congress]] and served as its president in 1889 and 1910.<ref name="IndianBio" /> He worked along with influential Congress leaders in Bombay and in 1890 he chaired the [[British committee of the Indian National Congress]], helped publish the journal '''''India''''' and attempted to support the movement through parliamentary action in Britain. He developed a close working relationship with [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale|G. K. Gokhale]] of the Congress.<ref name=odnb /> He was an unsuccessful parliamentary candidate in [[North Ayrshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North Ayrshire]] in 1892 and served as [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] Member of Parliament for [[Banffshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Banffshire]] from 1893 to 1900.<ref name="IndianBio" />

He was a member of the [[Royal Commission on Indian Expenditure]] in 1895 and chairman of Indian Parliamentary Committee. He was considered a great friend of the Indian Progressive Movement and presided at the Indian National Congress, 1889, later Chairman, British Committee of the Indian National Congress.<ref name="IndianBio" /> In 1910 he returned to India as Congress president and tried to solve [[Hindu–Islamic relations|the rift between Hindus and Muslims]] and attempted to reconcile the differences between those who wished to work constitutionally and those who wanted to use more militant actions. He wrote a biographical memoir of A. O. Hume who died in 1912.<ref name=odnb />

==Marriage and children==
He succeeded his brother, Sir David, to the baronetcy on 18 September 1882. He married Mary Blanche Hoskyns, daughter of Henry William Hoskyns, on 12 September 1878. A daughter, Dorothy, was born in Poona in 1879 and in 1884 they had a second daughter in London, Margaret Griselda.<ref name="IndianBio" /> He died at his home in Meredith, Gloucestershire on 25 January 1918.<ref name=odnb /> According to the [[English local history|local history society]] of the nearby village of [[Tibberton, Gloucestershire|Tibberton]], the farmland of Meredith had been inherited by his mother, and his father commissioned [[James Medland]], a locally prominent architect, to build the house in 1859.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meredith and the Wedderburn's |url=http://www.tibberton-gloucestershire.org.uk/media/20932/meredithwedderburns-parker_1976.pdf |website=Tibberton Gloucestershire}}</ref>

==Publications==
* ''Papers and Schemes on Arbitration Courts, Agricultural Banks, Village Panchayets and subjects relating to the condition of the Indian people''
* ''[https://archive.org/details/allanoctavianhum00wedduoft Allan Octavian Hume, C.B.; father of the Indian National Congress, 1829 to 1912]'' (1912)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Hansard-contribs | sir-william-wedderburn | Sir William Wedderburn }}
* [https://archive.org/details/speecheswritings00weddrich Speeches and writings (1918)]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Banffshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Banffshire]]
| years = 1893–[[1900 United Kingdom general election|1900]]
| before = [[Robert Duff (politician, born 1835)|Robert Duff]]
| after = [[Alexander William Black]]
}}
{{s-reg|uk-bt}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Wedderburn Baronets|Baronet]]<br />'''(of Balindean, Perthshire)'''
| years = 1882–1918
| before = [[Sir David Wedderburn, 3rd Baronet|David Wedderburn]]
| after = [[Sir John Ogilvy-Wedderburn, 5th Baronet|John Ogilvy-Wedderburn]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Indian National Congress Presidents}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wedderburn, William}}
[[Category:1838 births]]
[[Category:1918 deaths]]
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Gloucestershire]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies]]
[[Category:Scottish Liberal Party MPs]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1892–1895]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1895–1900]]
[[Category:People educated at Loretto School, Musselburgh]]
[[Category:Wedderburn family]]