William Spottiswoode Trevor - Revision history

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			{{short description\|Recipient of the Victoria Cross}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2021}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\|name=William Spottiswoode Trevor		\|name=William Spottiswoode Trevor
	\|birth_date=9 ~~October 1831~~		\|birth_date={{birth date\|1831\|10\|9\|df=yes}}
	\|death_date={{death-date and age\|~~df=yes~~\|2 ~~November 1907~~\|9 ~~October 1831~~}}		\|death_date={{death date and age\|1907\|11\|2\|1831\|10\|9\|df=yes}}
	\|birth_place= [[Calcutta]], [[British India]]		\|birth_place= [[Calcutta]], [[British India]]
	\|death_place=[[~~Newport, Isle of Wight\|Newport~~]], ~~[[Isle of Wight]]~~		\|death_place=[[Westminster]], London
	\|placeofburial=[[Kensal Green Cemetery]]		\|placeofburial=[[Kensal Green Cemetery]]
	\|image=		\|image=File:William Spottiswoode Trevor, VC.png
	\|caption=		\|image_size= 210
			\|caption=Major-general William Spottiswoode Trevor
	\|nickname=		\|nickname=
	\|allegiance= {{UK}}		\|allegiance= {{UK}}
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	\|laterwork=Railway administrator		\|laterwork=Railway administrator
	}}		}}
	Major General '''William Spottiswoode Trevor''' [[Victoria Cross\|VC]] (9 October 1831 – 2 November 1907) was a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to [[United Kingdom\|British]] and [[Commonwealth of Nations\|Commonwealth]] forces.		Major General '''William Spottiswoode Trevor''' [[Victoria Cross\|VC]] (9 October 1831 – 2 November 1907) was a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] (VC), the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to [[United Kingdom\|British]] and [[Commonwealth of Nations\|Commonwealth]] forces.

	==Details==		==Details==
	Trevor was ~~born~~ the son of Robert Salusbury Trevor and Mary Spottiswoode. His father, a [[captain]] with the [[3rd Bengal Light Cavalry\|3rd Bengal Cavalry]] was ~~killed~~ during the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]]. Trevor, along with his mother and siblings, had accompanied his father to Afghanistan and were amongst the hostages held by the Afghans following the [[1842 retreat from Kabul]]. They were rescued following		Trevor was the son of Robert Salusbury Trevor and Mary Spottiswoode. His father, a [[captain]] with the [[3rd Bengal Light Cavalry\|3rd Bengal Cavalry]], was murdered in Kabul during the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]], at the time of the assassination of the British Envoy, [[William Hay Macnaghten\|Sir William Macnaghten]].<ref name=ODNB>{{cite web \|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/36558 \|title=Trevor, William Spottiswood \|last1=Vetch \|first2=R.H.\|last2=Jones \|first1= M.G.M. \|publisher=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]].\|year=2004\|access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref> Trevor, along with his mother and siblings, had accompanied his father to Afghanistan and were amongst the hostages held by the Afghans following the [[1842 retreat from Kabul]]. They were rescued following [[Sir George Pollock, 1st Baronet\|General Pollock]]'s reoccupation of Kabul in 1842.<ref>Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. United Kingdom, The Institution, 1896.</ref> A younger brother was [[Arthur Trevor (colonial administrator)\|Sir Arthur Trevor]].
	[[Sir George Pollock, 1st Baronet\|General Pollock]]'s reoccupation of Kabul in 1842.<ref>Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. United Kingdom, The Institution, 1896.</ref> A younger brother was [[Arthur Trevor (colonial administrator)\|Sir Arthur Trevor]].

	Educated at [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]], Trevor was 33 years old~~, and a~~ [[major]] in the [[Bengal Engineers]], [[Bengal Army]] during the [[Bhutan War]] when the following deed took place on 30 April 1865 at Dewan-Giri, [[Bhutan]] for which he was awarded the VC in a joint citation with Lieutenant [[James Dundas]]:		Educated at [[Edinburgh Academy]] and [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]], Trevor was commissioned second lieutenant in the Bengal Engineers in December 1849. After further training, he arrived in India in 1852 and took part in the [[Second Anglo-Burmese War]], where he was twice wounded and [[mentioned in dispatches]]. After undertaking survey work in Burma, he transferred to [[Bengal Presidency\|Bengal]] in October 1857, where he served during the [[Indian Mutiny]]. Promoted captain in August 1858, he was then involved in engineering projects in Bengal.<ref name=ODNB/>

			In February 1865 Trevor joined the Bhutan field force as field engineer.<ref name=ODNB/> He was a 33 years old [[major]] in the [[Bengal Engineers]], [[Bengal Army]] during the [[Bhutan War]] when the following deed took place on 30 April 1865 at Dewan-Giri, [[Bhutan]] for which he was awarded the VC in a joint citation with Lieutenant [[James Dundas]]:
	{{quote\|For their gallant conduct at the attack on the Block-house at Dewan-Giri, in Bhootan, on the 30th of April, 1865.		{{quote\|For their gallant conduct at the attack on the Block-house at Dewan-Giri, in Bhootan, on the 30th of April, 1865.
	Major-General Tombs, C.B., V.C., the Officer in command at the time, reports that a party of the enemy, from 180 to 200 in		[[Henry Tombs\|Major-General Tombs]], C.B., V.C., the Officer in command at the time, reports that a party of the enemy, from 180 to 200 in number, had barricaded themselves in the Block-house in question, which they continued to defend after the rest of the position had been carried, and the main body was in retreat. The Block-house, which was loop-holed, was the key of the enemy's position. Seeing no Officer of the storming party near him, and being anxious that the place should be taken immediately, as any protracted resistance might have caused the main body of the Bhooteas to rally, the British force having been fighting in a broiling sun on very steep and difficult ground for upwards of three hours, the General in command ordered these two Officers to show the way into the Block-house. They had to climb up a wall which was 14 feet high, and then to enter a house, occupied by some 200 desperate men, head foremost through an opening not more than two feet wide between the top of the wall and the roof of the Block-house. Major-General Tombs states that on speaking to the Sikh soldiers around him, and telling them in Hindoostani to swarm up the wall, none of them responded to the call, until these two Officers had shown them the way, when they followed with the greatest alacrity. Both of them were wounded.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=23338\|page=7107 \|date=18 November 1864 }}</ref>}}
	number, had barricaded themselves in the Block-house in question, which they continued to defend after the rest of the position had been carried, and the main body was in retreat. The Block-house, which was loop-holed, was the key of the enemy's position. Seeing no Officer of the storming party near him, and being anxious that the place should be taken immediately, as any protracted resistance might have caused the main body of the Bhooteas to rally, the British force having been fighting in a broiling sun on very steep and difficult ground for upwards of three hours, the General in command ordered these two Officers to show the way into the Block-house. They had to climb up a wall which was 14 feet high, and then to enter a house, occupied by some 200 desperate men, head foremost through an opening not more than two feet wide between the top of the wall and the roof of the Block-house. Major-General Tombs states that on speaking to the Sikh soldiers around him, and telling them in Hindoostani to swarm up the wall, none of them responded to the call, until these two Officers had shown them the way, when they followed with the greatest alacrity. Both of them were wounded.<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=23338\|page=7107 \|date=18 November 1864 }}</ref>}}

	~~He later achieved~~ the ~~rank of~~ [[~~Colonel~~ (~~British Army~~)\|~~colonel~~]], and ~~retired~~ in February 1887 with the honorary rank of [[Major-general (British Army)\|major-general]].<ref>{{London Gazette \| issue=25688 \|page=1915 \| date=1 April 1887}}</ref>		After recovering from his wounds, Trevor became superintending engineer at the Bengal Presidency, and was made [[Brevet_(military)#United_Kingdom\|brevet]] major in May 1866. Promoted lieutenant-colonel in August 1874, he held a number of engineering roles in India, and in December 1875 was appointed chief engineer of British Burma, a post he held for five years. He was promoted brevet colonel on 19 August 1879, and in 1880 became director-general of Railways.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://vconline.org.uk/william-s-trevor-vc/4588360419.html\|title=William Spottiswoode Trevor, VC: biography\|website=VConline.org.uk \|accessdate=22 January 2022}}</ref> He then served as secretary to the government of India in the [[Central Public Works Department\|Public Works Department]]<ref name=ODNB/> from February 1882 until his retirement from the army in February 1887, with the honorary rank of [[Major-general (British Army)\|major-general]].<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=25688 \|page=1915 \| date=1 April 1887}}</ref>

	Trevor married Eliza Ann Fisher, ~~the second~~ daughter of the Reverend Henry Sanderson Fisher, of the Indian Ecclesiastical Service~~, and Charlotte Eliza Money,~~ at St Andrews Church Darjeeling, in a ceremony conducted by the ~~brides~~ father, on 19 June 1858.<ref>Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce, Marriages 1858</ref> ~~The~~ marriage produced 3 daughters, Mildred Charlotte Mary Trevor ~~born 30 March 1859 in Darjeeling, and died 5 March 1860 in Dinapore,~~ Lylee Grace Trevor ~~born 13 April 1860 in Dinapore who died 23 January 1878~~ (~~aged 17~~) ~~at St John's School for Girls, Bloomfield Terrace London,~~ and Florence Mary Trevor, ~~born 17 March 1862~~ who later married Colonel Maule Campbell Brackenbury, ~~and lived a long life~~.		Trevor married Eliza Ann Fisher, daughter of the Reverend Henry Sanderson Fisher of the Indian Ecclesiastical Service at St Andrews Church Darjeeling, in a ceremony conducted by the bride's father, on 19 June 1858.<ref>Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce, Marriages 1858</ref> Before Eliza died in 1863,<ref name=ODNB/> the marriage produced 3 daughters: Mildred Charlotte Mary Trevor (1859–1860); Lylee Grace Trevor (1860–1878) and Florence Mary Trevor (1862–1934), who later married Colonel Maule Campbell Brackenbury.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Maj-Gen-William-Trevor-V-C/6000000028279211579\|title=Maj.-Gen. William Spottiswoode Trevor, V.C. - Genealogy\|website=geni.com\|accessdate=21 January 2022}}</ref>

	He is buried at [[Kensal Green Cemetery]].<ref name=Paths>{{cite book\|title=Paths of Glory\|date=1997\|publisher=Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery\|page=99}}</ref>		Trevor died on 2 November 1907 aged 76 at his home in Westminster, London, and is buried at [[Kensal Green Cemetery]].<ref name=Paths>{{cite book\|title=Paths of Glory\|date=1997\|publisher=Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery\|page=99}}</ref>

	His Victoria Cross is displayed at the [[Royal Engineers Museum]].		His Victoria Cross is displayed at the [[Royal Engineers Museum]], Gillingham, Kent.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.victoriacross.org.uk/cokensal.htm\|title=Known Graves of Holders of the Victoria Cross in Kensal Green Cemetery \|website=victoriacross.org \|accessdate=22 January 2022}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	*[http://www.irfca.org/articles/victoria-cross.html ~~Railway links~~]		*[http://www.irfca.org/articles/victoria-cross.html Indian railways: winners of the Victoria Cross]
	*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060810230716/http://www.remuseum.org.uk/rem_his_vc.htm#1t Royal Engineers Museum] Sappers VCs		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060810230716/http://www.remuseum.org.uk/rem_his_vc.htm#1t Royal Engineers Museum] Sappers VCs
	*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041028141011/http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/kensalgr.htm Location of grave and VC medal] ''(Kensal Green Cemetery)''		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041028141011/http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/kensalgr.htm Location of grave and VC medal] ''(Kensal Green Cemetery)''
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	[[Category:1831 births]]		[[Category:1831 births]]
	[[Category:1907 deaths]]		[[Category:1907 deaths]]
			[[Category:People educated at Edinburgh Academy]]
			[[Category:Alumni of Addiscombe Military Seminary]]
	[[Category:British recipients of the Victoria Cross]]		[[Category:British recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
	[[Category:Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery]]		[[Category:Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery]]

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date format audit, minor formatting, typo(s) fixed: , → ,

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=William Spottiswoode Trevor
|birth_date=9 October 1831
|death_date={{death-date and age|df=yes|2 November 1907|9 October 1831}}
|birth_place= [[Calcutta]], [[British India]]
|death_place=[[Newport, Isle of Wight|Newport]], [[Isle of Wight]]
|placeofburial=[[Kensal Green Cemetery]]
|image=
|caption=
|nickname=
|allegiance= {{UK}}
|serviceyears=
|rank=[[Major General]]
|branch=[[Bengal Army]]<br>[[British Army]]
|commands=
|unit=
|battles=[[Bhutan War]]<br>[[Indian Mutiny]]<br>[[Second Anglo-Burmese War]]
|awards= [[Victoria Cross]]
|laterwork=Railway administrator
}}
Major General '''William Spottiswoode Trevor''' [[Victoria Cross|VC]] (9 October 1831 – 2 November 1907) was a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces.

==Details==
Trevor was born the son of Robert Salusbury Trevor and Mary Spottiswoode. His father, a [[captain]] with the [[3rd Bengal Light Cavalry|3rd Bengal Cavalry]] was killed during the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]]. Trevor, along with his mother and siblings, had accompanied his father to Afghanistan and were amongst the hostages held by the Afghans following the [[1842 retreat from Kabul]]. They were rescued following
[[Sir George Pollock, 1st Baronet|General Pollock]]'s reoccupation of Kabul in 1842.<ref>Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. United Kingdom, The Institution, 1896.</ref> A younger brother was [[Arthur Trevor (colonial administrator)|Sir Arthur Trevor]].

Educated at [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]], Trevor was 33 years old, and a [[major]] in the [[Bengal Engineers]], [[Bengal Army]] during the [[Bhutan War]] when the following deed took place on 30 April 1865 at Dewan-Giri, [[Bhutan]] for which he was awarded the VC in a joint citation with Lieutenant [[James Dundas]]:
{{quote|For their gallant conduct at the attack on the Block-house at Dewan-Giri, in Bhootan, on the 30th of April, 1865.
Major-General Tombs, C.B., V.C., the Officer in command at the time, reports that a party of the enemy, from 180 to 200 in
number, had barricaded themselves in the Block-house in question, which they continued to defend after the rest of the position had been carried, and the main body was in retreat. The Block-house, which was loop-holed, was the key of the enemy's position. Seeing no Officer of the storming party near him, and being anxious that the place should be taken immediately, as any protracted resistance might have caused the main body of the Bhooteas to rally, the British force having been fighting in a broiling sun on very steep and difficult ground for upwards of three hours, the General in command ordered these two Officers to show the way into the Block-house. They had to climb up a wall which was 14 feet high, and then to enter a house, occupied by some 200 desperate men, head foremost through an opening not more than two feet wide between the top of the wall and the roof of the Block-house. Major-General Tombs states that on speaking to the Sikh soldiers around him, and telling them in Hindoostani to swarm up the wall, none of them responded to the call, until these two Officers had shown them the way, when they followed with the greatest alacrity. Both of them were wounded.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=23338|page=7107 |date=18 November 1864 }}</ref>}}

He later achieved the rank of [[Colonel (British Army)|colonel]], and retired in February 1887 with the honorary rank of [[Major-general (British Army)|major-general]].<ref>{{London Gazette | issue=25688 |page=1915 | date=1 April 1887}}</ref>

Trevor married Eliza Ann Fisher, the second daughter of the Reverend Henry Sanderson Fisher, of the Indian Ecclesiastical Service, and Charlotte Eliza Money, at St Andrews Church Darjeeling, in a ceremony conducted by the brides father, on 19 June 1858.<ref>Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce, Marriages 1858</ref> The marriage produced 3 daughters, Mildred Charlotte Mary Trevor born 30 March 1859 in Darjeeling, and died 5 March 1860 in Dinapore, Lylee Grace Trevor born 13 April 1860 in Dinapore who died 23 January 1878 (aged 17) at St John's School for Girls, Bloomfield Terrace London, and Florence Mary Trevor, born 17 March 1862 who later married Colonel Maule Campbell Brackenbury, and lived a long life.

He is buried at [[Kensal Green Cemetery]].<ref name=Paths>{{cite book|title=Paths of Glory|date=1997|publisher=Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery|page=99}}</ref>

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the [[Royal Engineers Museum]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[[Monuments to Courage]] (David Harvey, 1999)
*[[The Register of the Victoria Cross]] (This England, 1997)
*[[The Sapper VCs]] (Gerald Napier, 1998)
*[[Scotland's Forgotten Valour]] (Graham Ross, 1995)

==External links==
*[http://www.irfca.org/articles/victoria-cross.html Railway links]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060810230716/http://www.remuseum.org.uk/rem_his_vc.htm#1t Royal Engineers Museum] Sappers VCs
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041028141011/http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/kensalgr.htm Location of grave and VC medal] ''(Kensal Green Cemetery)''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trevor, William Spottiswoode}}
[[Category:1831 births]]
[[Category:1907 deaths]]
[[Category:British recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Bhutan War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:British Army generals]]
[[Category:Royal Engineers officers]]
[[Category:Bengal Engineers officers]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:Railway officers in British India]]