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Easter Rising

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	==Easter Rising==		==Easter Rising==
	On the outbreak of the [[World War I\|First World War]] in 1914, Lowe rejoined the army as Inspector of Cavalry, and was appointed as a Brigade Commander with rank of [[Brigadier-General]] in 1915.<ref name="who701"/> He was commander of the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Brigade, stationed at the [[Curragh Camp]], at the outbreak of the [[Easter Rising]] on Monday, 24 April 1916. On being informed of the Rising by phone, he ordered the brigade to Dublin by train.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Easter Rising 1916: Birth of the Irish Republic \|last=McNally \|first=Michael \|author2=Peter Dennis \|year=2007 \|publisher=Osprey Publishing \|isbn=978-1-84603-067-3 \|pages=20, 47 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X_LY5lZ62w8C}}</ref> Arriving himself at [[Dublin Heuston railway station\|Kingsbridge railway station]] in the early hours of Tuesday morning, Lowe assumed command of British forces in Dublin and set about securing the line between the station, [[Dublin Castle]] and [[Trinity College, Dublin\|Trinity College]], thus dividing the rebel positions north and south of the river.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion \|last=Townshend \|first=Charles \|author-link=Charles Townshend (historian) \|year=2006 \|publisher=Penguin Books \|location=London \|isbn=978-0-14-101216-2 \|page=186 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZzIAQAACAAJ }}</ref> It was Lowe who ordered the shelling of [[Liberty Hall]] by field guns ~~from~~ Trinity College, and who ordered the Sherwood Foresters to continue advancing on Mount Street Bridge with a high cost in casualties.<ref>McNally 2007, pp. 68, 71</ref> On Saturday, 29 April, after being approached by Nurse [[Elizabeth O'Farrell]], he agreed to negotiate with the leaders only if they would [[Unconditional surrender\|surrender unconditionally]], and at 2.30 pm that day, accompanied by Nurse O'Farrell, [[Patrick Pearse]] surrendered to Lowe.<ref>McNally 2007, p. 88</ref>		On the outbreak of the [[World War I\|First World War]] in 1914, Lowe rejoined the army as Inspector of Cavalry, and was appointed as a Brigade Commander with rank of [[Brigadier-General]] in 1915.<ref name="who701"/> He was commander of the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Brigade, stationed at the [[Curragh Camp]], at the outbreak of the [[Easter Rising]] on Monday, 24 April 1916. On being informed of the Rising by phone, he ordered the brigade to Dublin by train.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Easter Rising 1916: Birth of the Irish Republic \|last=McNally \|first=Michael \|author2=Peter Dennis \|year=2007 \|publisher=Osprey Publishing \|isbn=978-1-84603-067-3 \|pages=20, 47 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X_LY5lZ62w8C }}{{Dead link\|date=March 2023 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Arriving himself at [[Dublin Heuston railway station\|Kingsbridge railway station]] in the early hours of Tuesday morning, Lowe assumed command of British forces in Dublin and set about securing the line between the station, [[Dublin Castle]] and [[Trinity College, Dublin\|Trinity College]], thus dividing the rebel positions north and south of the river.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion \|last=Townshend \|first=Charles \|author-link=Charles Townshend (historian) \|year=2006 \|publisher=Penguin Books \|location=London \|isbn=978-0-14-101216-2 \|page=186 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZzIAQAACAAJ }}</ref> It was Lowe who ordered the shelling of the unoccupied [[Liberty Hall]] with [[Royal Artillery]] field guns in Trinity College, and who ordered the Sherwood Foresters to continue advancing on Mount Street Bridge with a high cost in casualties.<ref>McNally 2007, pp. 68, 71</ref> On Saturday, 29 April, after being approached by Nurse [[Elizabeth O'Farrell]], he agreed to negotiate with the leaders only if they would [[Unconditional surrender\|surrender unconditionally]], and at 2.30 pm that day, accompanied by Nurse O'Farrell, [[Patrick Pearse]] surrendered to Lowe.<ref>McNally 2007, p. 88</ref>

	He was awarded the honorary rank of major-general when he finally retired in March 1919.<ref name="tms7"/>		He was awarded the honorary rank of major-general when he finally retired in March 1919.<ref name="tms7"/>
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	{{Easter Rising}}		{{Easter Rising}}
	~~{{Authority control}}~~

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Lowe, William}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Lowe, William}}

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{{Short description|British Army general (1861–1944)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = William Lowe
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1861|10|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1944|02|07|1861|10|20|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| placeofburial =
| birth_name = William Henry Muir Lowe
| allegiance = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| branch = {{army|United Kingdom}}
| serviceyears = 1881–1907 1914–1919
| rank = [[Major-General (United Kingdom)|Major-General]]
| unit = [[7th Dragoon Guards]]
| commands = 3rd Reserve Cavalry Brigade
| battles = [[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War]] [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]] [[Second Boer War]] [[World War I|First World War]] [[Easter Rising]]
| awards = [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] [[Mentioned in Despatches]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Frances Broster de Salvo|1895|1942|end=her death}}
| children = 2 (including [[John Loder (actor)|John Loder]])
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}
[[Major-General]] '''William Henry Muir Lowe''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CB}} (20 October 1861 – 7 February 1944) was a [[British Army]] officer who commanded the British forces in [[Dublin]] during the [[Easter Rising]] of 1916 and received the surrender of the [[Irish republicanism|Irish republican]] forces.

==Early life and career==
Lowe was born in [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British Raj|India]], to William Henry Lowe of the [[Indian Civil Service]], and Caroline Charlotte Muir. He was educated at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], and commissioned in the [[7th Dragoon Guards]] as a [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] on 22 October 1881.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25029|page=5191|date=1881-10-21}}</ref> The following year he saw action in the [[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War|Egyptian Campaign]], where the 7th Dragoon Guards were part of the 1st Cavalry Brigade led by General Sir [[Baker Russell]]. Lowe was involved in the fighting at [[Kassassin]], the [[Battle of Tel el-Kebir]] and the march on [[Cairo]].<ref name="tms7">Obituary: Maj.-Gen. W.H.M. Lowe, ''The Times'', 9 February 1944, p. 7.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEUaAAAAMAAJ&dq=7th+Dragoon+Guards+lowe&pg=RA1-PA142 |title=Hart's Annual Army List, Militia List, and Imperial Yeomanry List for 1888 |year=1888 |access-date=29 October 2016 |archive-date=6 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806145630/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZEUaAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA142&lpg=RA1-PA142&dq=7th+Dragoon+Guards+lowe&source=bl&ots=PrTxSW5sEs&sig=Sv8N9h3S1YROLqj9e2LUYaCkVT8&hl=en&ei=9t_VSdfAFp6qjAfNssjzDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 |url-status=live }}</ref> He received the [[Egypt Medal]] and the [[Khedive's Star]], a medal presented by [[Tewfik Pasha|Khedive Tawfiq]] to all officers and men engaged in the campaign.<ref name="who701">{{cite book |title=[[Who's Who (UK)#Who Was Who|Who Was Who]], Vol. IV: 1941–1950 |edition=fifth |year=1980 |publisher=A and C Black |location=London |isbn=0-7136-2131-1 |page=701}}</ref> In 1886, Lowe went to [[Burma]] from India, where the 7th Dragoon Guards were stationed, as a special service officer to the Upper Burma Task Force during the guerrilla phase of the [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]].<ref name="tms7"/> Remaining in Burma until 1887, he received the [[India General Service Medal (1854)|India General Service Medal]] with two [[Medal bar|clasps]].<ref name="who701"/> He was promoted to the rank of [[Captain (BARM)|captain]] on 9 March 1887 and [[Major (British Army)|major]] on 2 March 1892.<ref name="tms7"/><ref>Hart′s Army list, 1903</ref>

==Second Boer War==
On 19 September 1899, he was promoted to [[Lieutenant-colonel (British Army)|lieutenant-colonel]] and assumed command of the 7th Dragoon Guards. The regiment embarked the [[SS Armenian|SS ''Armenian'']] in [[Southampton]] on 8 February 1900, and departed for service in [[South Africa]], with Lowe in command of the men on the ship.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The War - Embarcation of Troops |date=9 February 1900 |page=6 |issue=36061}}</ref> From 1900 to 1902, he led the regiment in the [[Second Boer War]], being present at the capture of [[Pretoria]] and the [[Battle of Diamond Hill]], and was promoted [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] colonel in November 1900.<ref name="tms7"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pinetreeweb.com/conan-doyle-chapter-28.htm |title=Arthur Conan Doyle, The Great Boer War. London, Smith, Elder & Co., 1902 |access-date=3 April 2009 |archive-date=14 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814192052/http://www.pinetreeweb.com/conan-doyle-chapter-28.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener's]] despatch of 8 August 1901 related how "at midnight on the 30th July Colonel Lowe, 7th Dragoon Guards, successfully surprised a farmhouse, from which he took 11 armed prisoners with rifles, bandoliers and horses."<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27377|page=7371|date=1901-11-15}}</ref> Lowe was twice more [[Mentioned in Despatches]]: in [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts']] Recommendations, 2 April 1901 and in
Lord Kitchener's Final Despatch, 23 June 1902.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.angloboerwar.com/Other/army_mentions.htm |title=Mentions in Despatches - Army |access-date=2009-04-01 |publisher=Anglo Boer War.com |date=2004–2009 |archive-date=20 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820190312/http://www.angloboerwar.com/Other/army_mentions.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27459|page=4838|date=1902-07-29}}</ref> He received both the [[Queen's South Africa Medal|Queen's]] and [[King's South Africa Medal]].<ref name="who701"/> Following the end of the war in June 1902 he returned home on the SS ''Galeka'' which arrived in Southampton in October 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Army in South Africa - Troops returning home|date=24 September 1902 |page=7 |issue=36881}}</ref>

He left the 7th Dragoon Guards in March 1903 to become Assistant Quartermaster-General of the [[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]] ([[British Commands and Army groups|Southern Command]]), being promoted to full colonel. In May 1905, he went to the Northern Command as colonel in charge of cavalry records and staff officer for the [[Imperial Yeomanry]].<ref name="tms7"/> He was made a [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] in 1906.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27926|supp=y|page=4460|date=1906-06-29}}</ref> He went on half-pay in March 1907 and retired a year later.<ref name="tms7"/>

==Easter Rising==
On the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] in 1914, Lowe rejoined the army as Inspector of Cavalry, and was appointed as a Brigade Commander with rank of [[Brigadier-General]] in 1915.<ref name="who701"/> He was commander of the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Brigade, stationed at the [[Curragh Camp]], at the outbreak of the [[Easter Rising]] on Monday, 24 April 1916. On being informed of the Rising by phone, he ordered the brigade to Dublin by train.<ref>{{cite book |title=Easter Rising 1916: Birth of the Irish Republic |last=McNally |first=Michael |author2=Peter Dennis |year=2007 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84603-067-3 |pages=20, 47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X_LY5lZ62w8C}}</ref> Arriving himself at [[Dublin Heuston railway station|Kingsbridge railway station]] in the early hours of Tuesday morning, Lowe assumed command of British forces in Dublin and set about securing the line between the station, [[Dublin Castle]] and [[Trinity College, Dublin|Trinity College]], thus dividing the rebel positions north and south of the river.<ref>{{cite book |title=Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion |last=Townshend |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Townshend (historian) |year=2006 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London |isbn=978-0-14-101216-2 |page=186 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZzIAQAACAAJ }}</ref> It was Lowe who ordered the shelling of [[Liberty Hall]] by field guns from Trinity College, and who ordered the Sherwood Foresters to continue advancing on Mount Street Bridge with a high cost in casualties.<ref>McNally 2007, pp. 68, 71</ref> On Saturday, 29 April, after being approached by Nurse [[Elizabeth O'Farrell]], he agreed to negotiate with the leaders only if they would [[Unconditional surrender|surrender unconditionally]], and at 2.30 pm that day, accompanied by Nurse O'Farrell, [[Patrick Pearse]] surrendered to Lowe.<ref>McNally 2007, p. 88</ref>

He was awarded the honorary rank of major-general when he finally retired in March 1919.<ref name="tms7"/>

==Personal life==
Lowe married, in 1895, Frances Broster Johnson (née de Salvo; 1857–1942), the widow of Captain Robert Harry Johnson of the 64th Foot Regiment and daughter of Emma Broster, an Englishwoman and Francesco de Salvo, of [[Palermo]], Sicily.<ref>''Genealogists' Magazine'', vol.27, no.7, Society of Genealogists, London, 2002, pps:332-326, "Another Englishman Abroad - John Loder and Hedy Lamarr" by Charles Kidd, editor of ''Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage''.</ref> Together they had a son John (1898-1988), and a daughter Elizabeth (1900-?), who became a nun.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} Their son, [[John Loder (actor)|John]], was a British Army officer who with his father also took part in the suppression of the Rising and accepting the surrender of Pearse<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/gallery/gallery06.shtml |title=BBC, 1916 Easter Rising Gallery |access-date=25 December 2019 |archive-date=6 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206044222/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/gallery/gallery06.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> —fought at [[Gallipoli Campaign|Gallipoli]] and [[Battle of the Somme|the Somme]] and subsequently became a Hollywood actor under the screen name John Loder.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishplayography.com/search/play.asp?play_id=2401 |title=Hedy Lamarr and the Easter Rising |access-date=2009-03-30 |publisher=Irish Theatre Institute |date=17 August 2006 |archive-date=15 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915151600/http://www.irishplayography.com/search/play.asp?play_id=2401 |url-status=dead }}</ref> General Lowe died in [[London]] on 7 February 1944, aged 82. Neither an otherwise comprehensive obituary in ''[[The Times]]'' nor an entry in ''[[Who's Who (UK)#Who Was Who|Who Was Who]]'' 1941–1950<ref name="who701"/> made reference to his role in the Easter Rising, although it is mentioned in John Loder's autobiography, and there is a photograph of Pearse surrendering to him.<ref>''Hollywood Hussar'' by John Loder, London, 1977, {{ISBN|0-7030-0121-3}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4594388.stm BBC News report on the unconditional surrender document]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/gallery/gallery06.shtml Photograph of Lowe taking the surrender of Pearse]

{{Easter Rising}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lowe, William}}
[[Category:1861 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:British Army cavalry generals of World War I]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Anglo-Egyptian War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:7th Dragoon Guards officers]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:People of the Easter Rising]]
[[Category:Imperial Yeomanry officers]]
[[Category:Military personnel of British India]]
[[Category:British Army major generals]]

William Lowe (British Army officer) - Revision history

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