William Lockhart (Indian Army officer) - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:15, 7 August 2022
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	{{short description\|British Indian Army general}}		{{short description\|British Indian Army general}}
	{{other people\|William Lockhart}}		{{other people\|William Lockhart}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2015}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\| name = Sir William Lockhart		\| name = Sir William Lockhart
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	An attack of fever brought Lockhart to England in 1888, where he was employed as Assistant Military Secretary for Indian affairs (at Horse Guards); but in 1890 he returned to [[India]] earlier than planned to become Commander-in-Chief [[Northern Command (India)\|Punjab Command]] with the rank of [[Major-General (British Army)\|major-general]]. He set up his home in [[Abbottabad]]<ref>He had in fact built a house in that North-West Cantonment town earlier in the 1870s, where he and his family and friends used to stay, including [[John Lockwood Kipling]]</ref> and for five years was engaged in various expeditions against the hill tribes. After the [[Waziristan]] Campaign in 1894–95 he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI). He became a full [[general]] in 1896, and in 1897 he was given the command against the [[Afridi (Pashtun)\|Afridis]] and [[Mohmands]], and conducted the difficult [[Tirah Campaign\|Tirah Expedition]] with great skill.<ref name=eb/>		An attack of fever brought Lockhart to England in 1888, where he was employed as Assistant Military Secretary for Indian affairs (at Horse Guards); but in 1890 he returned to [[India]] earlier than planned to become Commander-in-Chief [[Northern Command (India)\|Punjab Command]] with the rank of [[Major-General (British Army)\|major-general]]. He set up his home in [[Abbottabad]]<ref>He had in fact built a house in that North-West Cantonment town earlier in the 1870s, where he and his family and friends used to stay, including [[John Lockwood Kipling]]</ref> and for five years was engaged in various expeditions against the hill tribes. After the [[Waziristan]] Campaign in 1894–95 he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI). He became a full [[general]] in 1896, and in 1897 he was given the command against the [[Afridi (Pashtun)\|Afridis]] and [[Mohmands]], and conducted the difficult [[Tirah Campaign\|Tirah Expedition]] with great skill.<ref name=eb/>

	He returned to England in 1898 and received the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB). Appointed [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], he returned to India after a brief visit to Scotland. He took up residence in "Treasury Gate", [[Fort William (India)\|Fort William]], India and at "Snowdon" in [[Shimla\|Simla]] when the government migrated to the hill station for the summer months.<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB\|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-16910?mediaType=Article\|title=Lockhart, Sir William Stephen Alexander\|year=2004\|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/16910\|access-date=23 March ~~2022~~}}</ref>		He returned to England in 1898 and received the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB). Appointed [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], he returned to India after a brief visit to Scotland. He took up residence in "Treasury Gate", [[Fort William (India)\|Fort William]], India and at "Snowdon" in [[Shimla\|Simla]] when the government migrated to the hill station for the summer months.<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB\|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-16910?mediaType=Article\|title=Lockhart, Sir William Stephen Alexander\|year=2004\|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/16910\|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>

	==Death==		==Death==
	He died of malaria whilst serving in office in [[Calcutta]] on 18 March 1900. His funeral occurred the following day and the service was taken by James Welldon the Bishop of Calcutta, and former headmaster of [[Harrow School]]. Lockhart's good friend [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston\|Lord Curzon]] (The Viceroy) attended the funeral. Lockhart married twice.<ref name=dnb/>		He died of malaria whilst serving in office in [[Calcutta]] on 18 March 1900. His funeral occurred the following day and the service was taken by James Welldon the Bishop of Calcutta, and former headmaster of [[Harrow School]]. Lockhart's good friend [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston\|Lord Curzon]] (The Viceroy) attended the funeral. Lockhart married twice.<ref name=dnb/>

	A private collection funded a fine memorial by [[George Frampton]] in [[St Giles' Cathedral]], Edinburgh and soldiers and their families paid for the construction of an obelisk in Roomi Park, [[Rawalpindi]] (now Pakistan).<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1116741\|title='Threatened' by a pool, RCB to convert park into restaurant\|date=3 July 2014\|publisher=Dawn News\|access-date=23 March ~~2022~~}}</ref>		A private collection funded a fine memorial by [[George Frampton]] in [[St Giles' Cathedral]], Edinburgh and soldiers and their families paid for the construction of an obelisk in Roomi Park, [[Rawalpindi]] (now Pakistan).<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1116741\|title='Threatened' by a pool, RCB to convert park into restaurant\|date=3 July 2014\|publisher=Dawn News\|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==

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{{short description|British Indian Army general}}
{{other people|William Lockhart}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Sir William Lockhart
| image =William Lockhart d1900.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 2 September 1841
| death_date = {{death date and age|1900|3|18|1841|9|2|df=y}}
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial =
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| nickname =
| allegiance ={{flagcountry|UKGBI}}
| branch ={{army|British India|23px}}
| serviceyears =1858–1900
| rank =[[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
| unit =
| commands =[[British Indian Army]]
| battles =
| awards =[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]<br>[[Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}
[[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''Sir William Stephen Alexander Lockhart''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|sep=,|GCB|KCSI}} (2 September 1841{{snd}}18 March 1900) was a British General in the [[British Indian Army]].

==Military career==
Lockhart was born at the Manse in [[Inchinnan]], [[Renfrewshire]], [[Scotland]], where his father Dr Laurence Lockhart, DD (1795–1876) was the minister. Lockhart's uncle was John Gibson Lockhart, eminent writer, poet and biographer of [[Walter Scott|Sir Walter Scott]]. His mother Louisa Blair (d. 1847) was a daughter of David Blair, a manufacturer in Glasgow.<ref name=dnb>{{DNB|inline=y|wstitle=Lockhart, William Stephan Alexander}}</ref> There were two older brothers who both also saw military service, Major-General David Blair Lockhart of Milton Lockhart (1829–1906) and Lieutenant-Colonel Laurence William Maxwell Lockhart (1831–1882).<ref name=TTobit>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Sir William Lockhart |date=20 March 1900 |page=4 |issue=36094}}</ref> He was educated at the [[The Glasgow Academy|Glasgow Academy]].

He entered the [[Indian Army]] in 1858, in the 44th Bengal Native Infantry. He served in the last months of the [[Indian Mutiny]], the [[Bhutan War|Bhutan Campaign]] (1864–66), under Napier in the [[British Expedition to Abyssinia|Abyssinian Expedition]] (1867–68; mentioned in dispatches) and after promotion to [[Captain (BARM)|captain]] in 1868 took part in the Hazara Black Mountain Expedition (1868–69; mentioned in dispatches).<ref name=eb>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Lockhart, Sir William Stephen Alexander|volume=16|page=854}}</ref>

From 1869 to 1879 he acted as Deputy Assistant and Assistant Quartermaster General in [[Bengal]]. In 1877 he was promoted to [[Major (British Army and Royal Marines)|major]] and was military [[attaché]] with the Dutch Army in [[Acheen]] (modern Aceh). Here he saw active service,<ref>{{Cite book|author= Byron Farwell.|title=Queen Victoria's Little Wars|page=319. Published Allen Lane, London. 1973}}</ref> almost died from fever, and received the Dutch [[Expedition Cross]].<ref name=TTobit /><ref>Award confirmed by medals worn by Lockhart in both portrait photo above and St Giles Cathedral memorial</ref> He was Road Commandant of the [[Khyber Pass]] and served in the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] of 1878–80, for which he was mentioned in dispatches and made a Companion of the [[Order of the Bath]] (CB). From 1880 to 1885 he was Deputy Quartermaster-General in the Intelligence Branch at headquarters, during which he was promoted to [[Colonel (British Army)|colonel]] in 1883. Between 1885 and 1886 he headed the [[Lockhart Mission]] surveying the [[Hindu Kush]]. He commanded a brigade in the [[Third Burmese War]] (1886–87), and was made Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) and a Companion of the [[Order of the Star of India]] (CSI) and received the thanks of the government.<ref name=eb/><ref name=TTobit />
[[File:General Sir William Lockhart.JPG|thumb|Memorial in St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh]]

An attack of fever brought Lockhart to England in 1888, where he was employed as Assistant Military Secretary for Indian affairs (at Horse Guards); but in 1890 he returned to [[India]] earlier than planned to become Commander-in-Chief [[Northern Command (India)|Punjab Command]] with the rank of [[Major-General (British Army)|major-general]]. He set up his home in [[Abbottabad]]<ref>He had in fact built a house in that North-West Cantonment town earlier in the 1870s, where he and his family and friends used to stay, including [[John Lockwood Kipling]]</ref> and for five years was engaged in various expeditions against the hill tribes. After the [[Waziristan]] Campaign in 1894–95 he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI). He became a full [[general]] in 1896, and in 1897 he was given the command against the [[Afridi (Pashtun)|Afridis]] and [[Mohmands]], and conducted the difficult [[Tirah Campaign|Tirah Expedition]] with great skill.<ref name=eb/>

He returned to England in 1898 and received the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB). Appointed [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], he returned to India after a brief visit to Scotland. He took up residence in "Treasury Gate", [[Fort William (India)|Fort William]], India and at "Snowdon" in [[Shimla|Simla]] when the government migrated to the hill station for the summer months.<ref name=odnb>{{cite ODNB|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-16910?mediaType=Article|title=Lockhart, Sir William Stephen Alexander|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/16910|access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref>

==Death==
He died of malaria whilst serving in office in [[Calcutta]] on 18 March 1900. His funeral occurred the following day and the service was taken by James Welldon the Bishop of Calcutta, and former headmaster of [[Harrow School]]. Lockhart's good friend [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]] (The Viceroy) attended the funeral. Lockhart married twice.<ref name=dnb/>

A private collection funded a fine memorial by [[George Frampton]] in [[St Giles' Cathedral]], Edinburgh and soldiers and their families paid for the construction of an obelisk in Roomi Park, [[Rawalpindi]] (now Pakistan).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1116741|title='Threatened' by a pool, RCB to convert park into restaurant|date=3 July 2014|publisher=Dawn News|access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''General Sir William Stephen Alexander Lockhart Soldier of the Queen Empress'' by Martin Smith {{ISBN|978-0-9570154-0-1}}

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{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box | title=[[Commander-in-Chief, India]] | before=[[Charles Edward Nairne|Sir Charles Nairne]] | after=[[Arthur Palmer (Indian Army officer)|Sir Arthur Palmer]] | years=1898–1900}}
{{s-end}}

{{Commander-in-Chief, India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lockhart, William Stephen Alexander}}
[[Category:British Commanders-in-Chief of India]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Tirah campaign]]
[[Category:1841 births]]
[[Category:1900 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Renfrewshire]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:People from Renfrewshire]]
[[Category:Deaths from malaria]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Bhutan War]]
[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in India]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Abyssinian War]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]