William Hicks (Indian Army officer) - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 02:33, 23 September 2022
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	{{Short description\|British soldier (1830–1883)}}		{{Short description\|British soldier (1830–1883)}}
	{{more footnotes\|date=February ~~2022~~}}		{{more footnotes\|date=February 2013}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2022}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2022}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
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	==Service to the Khedive==		==Service to the Khedive==
	After the close of the [[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War]], he entered the [[Khedive]]'s service and was made a [[Pasha]]. In 1881, [[Sudan]] was controlled by Egypt; [[Muhammad Ahmad]] proclaimed himself [[Mahdi]] and began conquering neighboring territory and thus threatening the precarious Egyptian control of the territory.{{Citation needed\|date=June ~~2022~~}} Early in 1883 Hicks went to [[Khartoum]] as chief of the staff of the army there, then commanded by [[Suliman Niazi Pasha]]. Camp was formed at [[Omdurman]] and a new force of some 8000 fighting men collected—mostly recruited from the ''[[fellahin]]'' of Arabi's disbanded troops, sent in chains from Egypt. After a month's vigorous drilling Hicks led 5000 of his men against an equal force of [[dervish]]es in Sennar, whom he defeated, and cleared the country between the towns of [[Sennar]] and [[Khartoum]] of rebels.{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=449}}		After the close of the [[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War]], he entered the [[Khedive]]'s service and was made a [[Pasha]]. In 1881, [[Sudan]] was controlled by Egypt; [[Muhammad Ahmad]] proclaimed himself [[Mahdi]] and began conquering neighboring territory and thus threatening the precarious Egyptian control of the territory.{{Citation needed\|date=June 2020}} Early in 1883 Hicks went to [[Khartoum]] as chief of the staff of the army there, then commanded by [[Suliman Niazi Pasha]]. Camp was formed at [[Omdurman]] and a new force of some 8000 fighting men collected—mostly recruited from the ''[[fellahin]]'' of Arabi's disbanded troops, sent in chains from Egypt. After a month's vigorous drilling Hicks led 5000 of his men against an equal force of [[dervish]]es in Sennar, whom he defeated, and cleared the country between the towns of [[Sennar]] and [[Khartoum]] of rebels.{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=449}}

	==1883 expedition==		==1883 expedition==

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← Older revision		Revision as of 02:33, 23 September 2022
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	{{no footnotes\|date=February ~~2013~~}}		{{Short description\|British soldier (1830–1883)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~April 2012~~}}		{{more footnotes\|date=February 2022}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2022}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\|name=William Hicks		\|name=William Hicks
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	}}		}}

	Colonel '''William Hicks''', also known as '''Hicks Pasha''', (1830{{snd}}5 November 1883), [[United Kingdom\|British]] soldier, entered the [[Bombay Army]] in 1849, and served through the [[Indian mutiny]], being [[mentioned in ~~despatches~~]] for good conduct at the action of [[Sitka Ghaut]] in 1859.{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|pp=448–449}}		Colonel '''William Hicks''', also known as '''Hicks Pasha''', (1830{{snd}}5 November 1883), [[United Kingdom\|British]] soldier, entered the [[Bombay Army]] in 1849, and served through the [[Indian mutiny]], being [[mentioned in dispatches]] for good conduct at the action of [[Sitka Ghaut]] in 1859.{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|pp=448–449}}

	In 1861 he became captain, and in the [[1868 Expedition to Abyssinia\|Abyssinian expedition]] of 1867–1868 was a brigade major, being again mentioned in dispatches and given a [[brevet major]]ity. He retired with the [[honorary rank]] of colonel in 1880.{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=449}}		In 1861 he became captain, and in the [[1868 Expedition to Abyssinia\|Abyssinian expedition]] of 1867–1868 was a brigade major, being again mentioned in dispatches and given a [[brevet major]]ity. He retired with the [[honorary rank]] of colonel in 1880.{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=449}}
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	==Service to the Khedive==		==Service to the Khedive==
	After the close of the [[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War]], he entered the [[Khedive]]'s service and was made a [[Pasha]]. In 1881, [[Sudan]] was controlled by Egypt; [[Muhammad Ahmad]] proclaimed himself [[Mahdi]] and began conquering neighboring territory and thus threatening the precarious Egyptian control of the territory.{{Citation needed\|date=June ~~2020~~}} Early in 1883 Hicks went to [[Khartoum]] as chief of the staff of the army there, then commanded by [[Suliman Niazi Pasha]]. Camp was formed at [[Omdurman]] and a new force of some 8000 fighting men collected—mostly recruited from the ''[[fellahin]]'' of Arabi's disbanded troops, sent in chains from Egypt. After a month's vigorous drilling Hicks led 5000 of his men against an equal force of [[dervish]]es in Sennar, whom he defeated, and cleared the country between the towns of [[Sennar]] and [[Khartoum]] of rebels.{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=449}}		After the close of the [[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War]], he entered the [[Khedive]]'s service and was made a [[Pasha]]. In 1881, [[Sudan]] was controlled by Egypt; [[Muhammad Ahmad]] proclaimed himself [[Mahdi]] and began conquering neighboring territory and thus threatening the precarious Egyptian control of the territory.{{Citation needed\|date=June 2022}} Early in 1883 Hicks went to [[Khartoum]] as chief of the staff of the army there, then commanded by [[Suliman Niazi Pasha]]. Camp was formed at [[Omdurman]] and a new force of some 8000 fighting men collected—mostly recruited from the ''[[fellahin]]'' of Arabi's disbanded troops, sent in chains from Egypt. After a month's vigorous drilling Hicks led 5000 of his men against an equal force of [[dervish]]es in Sennar, whom he defeated, and cleared the country between the towns of [[Sennar]] and [[Khartoum]] of rebels.{{sfn\|Chisholm\|1911\|p=449}}

	==1883 expedition==		==1883 expedition==
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	*''Mahdiism and the Egyptian Sudan'', book iv., by [[Francis Reginald Wingate]] (London, 1891)		*''Mahdiism and the Egyptian Sudan'', book iv., by [[Francis Reginald Wingate]] (London, 1891)
	*''With Hicks Pasha in the Soudan'', by [[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton\|John Colborne]] (London, 1884).		*''With Hicks Pasha in the Soudan'', by [[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton\|John Colborne]] (London, 1884).
	*''The Road to Shaykan: Letters of General William Hicks Pasha written during the Sennar & Kordofan Campaigns, 1883.'' edited with an introduction and notes by M.W. Daly. University of Durham 1983		*''The Road to Shaykan: Letters of General William Hicks Pasha written during the Sennar & Kordofan Campaigns, 1883.'' edited with an introduction and notes by M.W. Daly. University of Durham 1983
	*''Khartoum, the Ultimate Imperial Adventure'' by Michael Asher (London, 2005) {{ISBN\|0-670-87030-7}}		*''Khartoum, the Ultimate Imperial Adventure'' by Michael Asher (London, 2005) {{ISBN\|0-670-87030-7}}

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	[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]		[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
	[[Category:Pashas]]		[[Category:Pashas]]
			[[Category:British colonels]]
	[[Category:British military personnel killed in the Mahdist War]]		[[Category:British military personnel killed in the Mahdist War]]
	[[Category:British military personnel of the Abyssinian War]]		[[Category:British military personnel of the Abyssinian War]]
	[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]		[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
	[[Category:British people of the Mahdist War]]		[[Category:British people of the Mahdist War]]

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2021-01-08T16:47:27Z

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{{no footnotes|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=William Hicks
|birth_date=1830
|death_date= 5 November 1883 (aged 53)
|image=William Hicks Pasha.jpg
|caption=
|nickname=
|birth_place=
|death_place= [[Al-Ubayyid|El Obeid]], [[Khedivate of Egypt]]
|allegiance= [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[United Kingdom]] / [[British Empire]] [[File:Egypt flag 1882.svg|25px]] [[Khedivate of Egypt]]
|branch= [[British Army]] [[Egyptian Army]]
|serviceyears=1849{{snd}}1883
|rank=[[Colonel]]
|unit=
|commands=
|battles=[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] [[1868 Expedition to Abyssinia]] [[Anglo-Egyptian War (1882)|1882 Anglo-Egyptian War]] [[Mahdist War]]
*[[Battle of El Obeid]]{{KIA}}
|awards=
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}

Colonel '''William Hicks''', also known as '''Hicks Pasha''', (1830{{snd}}5 November 1883), [[United Kingdom|British]] soldier, entered the [[Bombay Army]] in 1849, and served through the [[Indian mutiny]], being [[mentioned in despatches]] for good conduct at the action of [[Sitka Ghaut]] in 1859.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=448–449}}

In 1861 he became captain, and in the [[1868 Expedition to Abyssinia|Abyssinian expedition]] of 1867–1868 was a brigade major, being again mentioned in dispatches and given a [[brevet major]]ity. He retired with the [[honorary rank]] of colonel in 1880.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=449}}

He then entered the service of the Egyptian government, who controlled the [[Sudan]]. He led the Egyptian army that was completely defeated in the [[Battle of Shaykan]], in which he was killed and decapitated.

==Service to the Khedive==
After the close of the [[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War]], he entered the [[Khedive]]'s service and was made a [[Pasha]]. In 1881, [[Sudan]] was controlled by Egypt; [[Muhammad Ahmad]] proclaimed himself [[Mahdi]] and began conquering neighboring territory and thus threatening the precarious Egyptian control of the territory.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} Early in 1883 Hicks went to [[Khartoum]] as chief of the staff of the army there, then commanded by [[Suliman Niazi Pasha]]. Camp was formed at [[Omdurman]] and a new force of some 8000 fighting men collected—mostly recruited from the ''[[fellahin]]'' of Arabi's disbanded troops, sent in chains from Egypt. After a month's vigorous drilling Hicks led 5000 of his men against an equal force of [[dervish]]es in Sennar, whom he defeated, and cleared the country between the towns of [[Sennar]] and [[Khartoum]] of rebels.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=449}}

==1883 expedition==
Relieved of the fear of an immediate attack by the [[Mahdi]]sts, the Egyptian officials at Khartoum intrigued against Hicks, who in July tendered his resignation. This resulted in the dismissal of Suliman Niazi and the appointment of Hicks as commander-in-chief of an expeditionary force to [[Kordofan]] with orders to crush the Mahdi, who in January 1883 had captured [[Al-Ubayyid|El Obeid]], the capital of that province. Hicks, aware of the worthlessness of his force for the purpose contemplated, stated his opinion that it would be best to "wait for Kordofan to settle itself" (telegram of 5 August).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=449}}

The Egyptian ministry, however, did not then believe in the power of the Mahdi, and the expedition started from Khartoum on 9 September. It was made up of 7000 infantry, 1000 cavalry and 2000 camp followers and included thirteen Europeans. On the 10th the force left the Nile at Duem and struck inland across the almost waterless wastes of Kordofan for El Obeid. On 5 November the army, misled by possibly treacherous guides and thirst-stricken, was ambushed in dense forest at Kashgil, {{convert|30|miles}} south of El Obeid. With the exception of some 300 men the whole force was killed. (See the [[Battle of El Obeid]]).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=449}}

According to the story of Hicks's cook, one of the survivors, the general was the last officer to fall, pierced by the spear of the Khalifa [[Mahommed Sherif]]. After emptying his revolver the pasha kept his assailants at bay for some time with his sword, a body of [[Baggara]] who fled before him being known afterwards as "Baggar Hicks" (the cows driven by Hicks), a play on the words baggara and baggar, the former being the herdsmen and the latter the cows. Hicks's head was cut off and taken to the Mahdi.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=449}}

==Cultural depictions==
Hicks was played by [[Edward Underdown]] in the 1966 film ''[[Khartoum (film)|Khartoum]]''.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Hicks, William|volume=13|pages=448–449}}
*''Mahdiism and the Egyptian Sudan'', book iv., by [[Francis Reginald Wingate]] (London, 1891)
*''With Hicks Pasha in the Soudan'', by [[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton|John Colborne]] (London, 1884).
*''The Road to Shaykan: Letters of General William Hicks Pasha written during the Sennar & Kordofan Campaigns, 1883.'' edited with an introduction and notes by M.W. Daly. University of Durham 1983
*''Khartoum, the Ultimate Imperial Adventure'' by Michael Asher (London, 2005) {{ISBN|0-670-87030-7}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hicks, William}}
[[Category:1830 births]]
[[Category:1883 deaths]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Pashas]]
[[Category:British military personnel killed in the Mahdist War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Abyssinian War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:British people of the Mahdist War]]