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	{{Short description\|Scottish military surgeon (1858–1924)}}		{{Short description\|Scottish military surgeon (1858–1924)}}
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	Major General '''William Burney Bannerman''' [[Order of the Star of India\|CSI]] [[FRSE]] (6 July 1858 – 3 February 1924) was a 19th and 20th century high-ranking Scottish [[Military medicine\|military surgeon]] who worked in the Indian Medical Service. As director of the plague research laboratory, he conducted experiments on plague vaccines along with [[Waldemar Haffkine]]. He was one of the first to use [[Henry Littlejohn]]'s analytical techniques on a large scale, demonstrating the value of [[inoculation]].		Major General '''William Burney Bannerman''' [[Order of the Star of India\|CSI]] [[FRSE]] (6 July 1858 – 3 February 1924) was a 19th and 20th century high-ranking Scottish [[Military medicine\|military surgeon]] who worked in the Indian Medical Service. As director of the plague research laboratory, he conducted experiments on plague vaccines along with [[Waldemar Haffkine]]. He was one of the first to use [[Henry Littlejohn]]'s analytical techniques on a large scale, demonstrating the value of [[inoculation]].

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{{Short description|Scottish military surgeon (1858–1924)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2022}}
Major General '''William Burney Bannerman''' [[Order of the Star of India|CSI]] [[FRSE]] (6 July 1858 – 3 February 1924) was a 19th and 20th century high-ranking Scottish [[Military medicine|military surgeon]] who worked in the Indian Medical Service. As director of the plague research laboratory, he conducted experiments on plague vaccines along with [[Waldemar Haffkine]]. He was one of the first to use [[Henry Littlejohn]]'s analytical techniques on a large scale, demonstrating the value of [[inoculation]].

==Life==
[[File:Clarendon Crescent, Edinburgh.JPG|thumb|300px|Clarendon Crescent in Edinburgh]]
[[File:The Bannerman grave, Grange Cemetery.jpg|thumb|The Bannerman grave, Grange Cemetery]]
He was born at 7 Clarendon Crescent<ref>Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1858</ref> in [[Edinburgh]] on 6 July 1858, the son of [[James Bannerman (theologian)|Rev James Bannerman]] and David Anne Douglas (sic), daughter of [[David Douglas, Lord Reston]]. He was educated at [[Edinburgh Academy]] then studied medicine at the [[University of Edinburgh]], graduating with a [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MB ChB]] in 1881.

Joining the [[British Army]] as part of the [[Indian Medical Service]] he served as a surgeon from 1883. Training at [[Netley]], he arrived at [[Bombay]] in May 1884 initially posted at [[Secunderabad]]. After some training in [[Urdu]] he was posted to [[Baluchistan]] to control a [[cholera]] epidemic there. In 1886 he contracted [[malaria]] and went to Madras to recover. He was then posted to [[Tiruchirapalli]] (mentioned as Trichinopoli under the colonial bastardisation of the name). In November 1886 he was sent to Burma on active duty first in [[Mandalay]] then in [[Pyintha]]. From March to October 1888 he served with the Upper Burma Operational Force. Falling ill again, he was sent to England for a year to recover.<ref name="liston" /> He received his doctorate (MD) entitled 'On the nature of malaria and its prophylaxsis' in 1889 and returned to India in November 1889.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burney|first=Bannerman, William|year=1889|title=On the nature of malaria and its prophylaxsis|url=https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/23696|publisher=University of Edinburgh|hdl=1842/23696 }}</ref> Continuing in the army, he became district surgeon to the [[Mangalore]] district. He returned to the University of Edinburgh 1895/6 to take a course on public health from [[Henry Littlejohn|Henry Harvey Littlejohn]]. Returning to India in 1896 early in 1898 he undertook along with [[Waldemar Haffkine]], what would now be a highly controversial experiment in the village of [[Undhera]], [[Vadodara district|Vadodara District]], where there was a plague outbreak. On an arbitrary selection basis he inoculated exactly half of the village and (using Littlejohn principles) observed the results – obtaining an accurate (if perhaps inhumane) result of the effectiveness of the vaccine (proving it 90% effective).<ref name="liston" /><ref>{{cite journal|author=Hawgood, Barbara J.|year=2007|title=Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, CIE (1860-1930): prophylactic vaccination against cholera and bubonic plague in British India|url=https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/wp-data/uploads/2011/08/HaffkinePublished.pdf|journal=Journal of Medical Biography|volume=15|issue=1 |pages=9–19|doi=10.1258/j.jmb.2007.05-59 |pmid=17356724 |s2cid=42075270 }}</ref>

In April 1899 he was made director of the Plague Research Laboratory in [[Madras]]. He was raised to [[lieutenant colonel]] in 1903. In 1904 he became director of the Bombay Bacteriological Laboratory and in 1910 was raised to [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] colonel. In May 1911 he became surgeon general for the Madras district. In 1913 he was created honorary physician to [[George V|King George V]] (in India).<ref name="liston" />

In 1902 he elected a fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]. His proposers were [[William Turner (anatomist)|Sir William Turner]], [[Alexander Crum Brown]], [[Thomas Richard Fraser|Sir Thomas Richard Fraser]] and [[Charles Hunter Stewart]]. He served as the Society's Vice-President from 1921 to 1924.<ref name=":1">{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}}</ref>

King [[George V]] created him a Companion of the [[Order of the Star of India]] (CSI) in 1911.<ref name=":1" />

He remained in Madras for the duration of the [[First World War]] but lost most of his senior and experienced officers who were sent on medical duties elsewhere.<ref name="liston" />

He retired to [[Edinburgh]] in 1918 and spent much time linked to the [[United Free Church of Scotland]] where he was an elder and Secretary of the Foreign Mission Committee. His church St George's United Free, was the impressive domed church on the west side of [[Charlotte Square]]. He was Secretary of the church's Foreign Mission Committee.<ref name="liston" />

He died at home on 3 February 1924.<ref name="liston" />

He is buried with his parents in the [[Grange, Edinburgh|Grange Cemetery]] in south Edinburgh. The grave lies in the north-west section under a large tree.

==Publications==

* Preface to ''Concerning Animals and Other Matters''
*''Serum Therapy of Plague in India''
*''Production of Alkali by Plague Bacillus in Liquid Media''
*''Scientific Memoirs of Government in India''

==Family==

In 1889 he married [[Helen Bannerman|Helen Brodie Cowan Watson]] (1862–1946), daughter of [[Robert Boog Watson]].<ref name=liston>{{Cite journal|last=Liston|first=W. G.|date=1925|title=Major-General William Burney Bannerman, C.S.I., M.D., D.Sc.|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|language=en|volume=44|pages=273–278|doi=10.1017/S0370164600021064|issn=0370-1646|doi-access=free}}</ref> She is remembered as Helen Bannerman, author of the "Little Sambo" children's books.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bannerman, William Burney}}
[[Category:1857 births]]
[[Category:1924 deaths]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Edinburgh]]
[[Category:People educated at Edinburgh Academy]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish medical doctors]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Burials at the Grange Cemetery]]
[[Category:Indian Medical Service officers]]
[[Category:British public health doctors]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Edinburgh]]

William Burney Bannerman - Revision history

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