Vilianahdm at 03:56, 27 November 2025

2025-11-27T03:56:29Z

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[[File:Golden_fields,_bustling_harvest_02.jpg|thumb|Wheat harvester in Punjab]]Most of India's [[wheat]] is produced in the northwestern part of [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|Indo-Gangetic plains]]. India is the second-largest producer of wheat in the world. Climate change has impacted the production of wheat in India. India has banned the exportation of wheat.

== Geography ==
[[File:Wheat_production_in_India_from_October_to_April_2025.png|thumb|80% of India's total wheat production.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wheat Explorer - India |url=https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/cropview/comm_chartview.aspx?fattributeid=1&cropid=0410000&sel_year=2025&startrow=1&ftypeid=47&regionid=sasia&cntryid=IND |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Foreign Agricultural Service (US Department of Agriculture)}}</ref>]]
Most of India's wheat is produced in the northwestern part of Indo-Gangetic plains. Most of India's wheat is produced in States of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], and [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=Priyali |date=2025-03-10 |title=How climate change affects India’s wheat production |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/climate-change-impact-on-wheat-production-in-india/article69306516.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-11-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Production ==
{{See also|List of countries by wheat production}}
Punjab produces 18% of India's wheat, which has led to the state getting the title of “Granary of India". Since the green revolution Punjab's wheat production has tripled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Wheat Production Systems in Northern in India {{!}} UNEP - UN Environment Programme |url=https://www.unep.org/topics/teeb/teeb-agriculture-and-food-teebagrifood/teeb-agrifood-country-implementation/wheat |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=United Nations Environment Programme |language=en}}</ref> As of November 14, 2025, wheat was planted on 6.62 million hectares of land in India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jadhav |first=Rajendra |date=November 18, 2025 |title=India set for record wheat planting as soil moisture and prices rise |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/india-set-record-wheat-planting-soil-moisture-prices-rise-2025-11-18 |access-date=November 18, 2025 |work=Reuters}}</ref> As of 2025, India is the second largest producer of wheat in the world.<ref name=":1" />

A study by the [[International Journal of Molecular Sciences]] found that heat stress caused by climate change led to a reduction in grain production and grain quality due to damage to the natural processes of the plant.<ref name=":0" /> A report by the [[Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare]] showed that for every increase of one degree Celsius, wheat production drops by 4-5 million tons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2024 |title=Rising Temperatures Threaten India’s Wheat Production |url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/06/rising-temperatures-threaten-indias-wheat-production/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=The Diplomat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Rajesh |last2=Mittal |first2=Surender |last3=Dheeraj |first3=Panghaal |editor-last=Kumar |editor-first=Sanjay |editor2-last=Mishra |editor2-first=Shailesh Kumar |editor3-last=Kumar |editor3-first=Sudhir |editor4-last=Joshi |editor4-first=Sanjay Kumar |editor5-last=Pathak |editor5-first=Abhay Shankar |title=Climate Change and its Impact on Indian Agriculture |url=https://agriwelfare.gov.in/Documents/Intensive-Agriculture-April-June-2023.pdf |url-access=limited |access-date=November 19, 2025 |website=Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare |page=10 |quote=Greater loss is expected in rabi season crops. Every 1°C increase in temperature reduces wheat production by 4-5 million tons. This losswould be reduced to 1-2 million tons if planting is done in time.}}</ref> As of 2025, the summer crop season has been starting late, which causes the late stages of the wheat plant's growth to coincide with the first of India's annual [[Heat wave|heat waves]]. The high temperature causes the wheat flower early and ripen faster, which leads to lower wheat production.<ref name=":0" />

== Policy ==
After the [[Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], India prohibited the exportation of wheat. The prohibition was in response to the lack of availability of wheat, price increases of wheat due to the invasion, and a sharp rise of temperature that led to crops dying.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Bhardwaj |first=Mayank |last2=Jadhav |first2=Rajendra |date=March 10, 2025 |title=India likely to produce record 115.4 million tons of wheat, farm ministry says |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/india-likely-produce-record-1154-million-tons-wheat-farm-ministry-says-2025-03-10/ |work=Reuters}}</ref> The [[Directorate General of Foreign Trade]] later clarified that it was allowing wheat exports as humanitarian aid on a case-by-case basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2022 |title=India - Extreme Temperatures Scorch Indian Wheat Production |url=https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=India%20-%20Extreme%20Temperatures%20Scorch%20Indian%20Wheat%20Production_New%20Delhi_India_IN2022-0045 |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=Foreign Agricultural Service (US Department of Agriculture)}}</ref>

India created a policy to distribute free wheat grain to 810 million people for 5 years with 18.4 million tons of wheat from its reserve, which was enacted on January 1, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's 2023-24 wheat crop seen slightly lower on year, below govt estimates |url=https://www.spglobal.com/commodity-insights/en/news-research/latest-news/agriculture/021924-indias-2023-24-wheat-crop-seen-slightly-lower-on-year-below-govt-estimates |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250426011958/https://www.spglobal.com/commodity-insights/en/news-research/latest-news/agriculture/021924-indias-2023-24-wheat-crop-seen-slightly-lower-on-year-below-govt-estimates |archive-date=2025-04-26 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=S&P Global Commodity Insights |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Jadhav |first=Rajendra |last2=Bhardwaj |first2=Mayank |date=May 28, 2025 |title=No imports needed: India's wheat harvest defies market speculation |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/no-imports-needed-indias-wheat-harvest-defies-market-speculation-2025-05-28/ |access-date=November 19, 2025 |work=Reuters}}</ref> India purchased 18.8 million tons of wheat produced domestically in 2022, which was 53% less than the previous year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jadhav |first=Rajendra |date=March 3, 2023 |title=India's wheat output dented by heatwave, could limit government stock building |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indias-wheat-output-dented-by-heatwave-could-limit-government-stock-building-2023-03-03/ |access-date=November 19, 2025 |work=Reuters}}</ref> 80% of wheat purchased by India from their farmers shrived up.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-12 |title=Is India facing a wheat crisis? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/is-india-facing-a-wheat-crisis/article65407140.ece |access-date=2025-11-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> India has enacted a 40% import tax on wheat.<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Wheat production]]
[[Category:Agricultural production in India by commodity]]
{{India topics|state=collapsed}}

Wheat production in India - Revision history

Vilianahdm at 03:56, 27 November 2025