Western tragopan - Revision history

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	{{speciesbox		{{speciesbox
	\| name = Western tragopan		\| name = Western tragopan
	\| image = ~~WesternTragopan~~.jpg		\| image = Captive Tragopan melanocephalus (male) at Sarahan Pheasantry Himachal Pradesh JEG8457 (cropped).jpg
	\| status = VU		\| status = VU
	\| status_system = IUCN3.1		\| status_system = IUCN3.1
	\| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn \|author=BirdLife International \|date=2017 \|title=''Tragopan melanocephalus'' \|volume=2017 \|~~page~~=e.T22679147A112467383 \|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22679147A112467383.en \|access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>		\| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn \|author=BirdLife International \|date=2017 \|title=''Tragopan melanocephalus'' \|volume=2017 \|article-number=e.T22679147A112467383 \|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22679147A112467383.en \|access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>
	\| status2 = CITES_A1		\| status2 = CITES_A1
	\| status2_system = CITES		\| status2_system = CITES
	\| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web\|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES\|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php\|access-date=2022-01-14\|website=cites.org}}</ref>		\| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web\|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES\|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php\|access-date=2022-01-14\|website=cites.org}}</ref>
	\| genus = Tragopan		\| genus = Tragopan
	\| species = melanocephalus		\| species = melanocephalus
	\| authority = [[John Edward Gray\|Gray]], 1829		\| authority = ([[John Edward Gray\|Gray, JE]], 1829)
	\| range_map = Tragopan_melanocephalus_map.png		\| range_map = Tragopan_melanocephalus_map.png
	}}		}}
	The '''western tragopan''' or '''western horned tragopan''' ('''''Tragopan melanocephalus''''') is a medium-sized brightly plumed [[~~pheasant~~]] found along the [[Himalayas]] from north-eastern districts of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province in northern [[Pakistan]] in the west to [[Uttarakhand]] within [[India]] to the east. The species is highly endangered and globally threatened.		The '''western tragopan''' or '''western horned tragopan''' ('''''Tragopan melanocephalus''''') is a medium-sized brightly plumed [[landfowl]] found along the range of [[Western Himalayas]] from north-eastern districts of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province in northern [[Pakistan]] in the west to [[Uttarakhand]] within [[India]] to the east. The species is highly endangered and globally threatened.

	==Identification==		==Identification==
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	==Status==		==Status==
	[[File:Rekong Peo to Sarahan 052.jpg\|thumb\|Sign about Western tragopans near [[Sarahan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India]]		[[File:Rekong Peo to Sarahan 052.jpg\|thumb\|Sign about Western tragopans near [[Sarahan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India]]
	The western tragopan is considered the rarest ~~of all~~ living ~~pheasants~~. Its range is very restricted. In the Kashmir valley, it is known as ''daangeer'', in Chamba as ''phulgar'' and in the [[Kullu Valley\|Kullu valley]] as ''jujurana'' ("king of birds"). It was accorded the status of state bird of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in 2007.		The western tragopan is considered as one of the rarest living landfowl. Its range is very restricted. In the Kashmir valley, it is known as ''daangeer'', in Chamba as ''phulgar'' and in the [[Kullu Valley\|Kullu valley]] as ''jujurana'' ("king of birds"). It was accorded the status of state bird of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in 2007.

	The population of the western tragopan is threatened by several [[human impact on the environment\|anthropogenic]] factors throughout its range. The world population is estimated at fewer than 5,000 individuals, including a [[captive breeding]] population in [[Himachal Pradesh]] which numbered fewer than ten pairs in 2012.<ref name = "BirdLife">{{cite web \| title = Western Tragopan ''Tragopan melanocephalus'' \| url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=237 \| publisher = [[BirdLife International]] \| access-date = 9 September 2015}}</ref> [[CITES]] has listed this species in Appendix I in order to discourage selling of its feathers. Representing the endemic bird area D02 of Western Himalaya, the western tragopan has been described as a range-restricted species.		The population of the western tragopan is threatened by several [[human impact on the environment\|anthropogenic]] factors throughout its range. The world population is estimated at fewer than 5,000 individuals, including a [[captive breeding]] population in [[Himachal Pradesh]] which numbered fewer than ten pairs in 2012.<ref name = "BirdLife">{{cite web \| title = Western Tragopan ''Tragopan melanocephalus'' \| url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=237 \| publisher = [[BirdLife International]] \| access-date = 9 September 2015}}</ref> [[CITES]] has listed this species in Appendix I in order to discourage selling of its feathers. Representing the endemic bird area D02 of Western Himalaya, the western tragopan has been described as a range-restricted species.

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-08-29T16:54:13Z

Created a new article

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{{short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| name = Western tragopan
| image = WesternTragopan.jpg
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Tragopan melanocephalus'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T22679147A112467383 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22679147A112467383.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A1
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| genus = Tragopan
| species = melanocephalus
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1829
| range_map = Tragopan_melanocephalus_map.png
}}
The '''western tragopan''' or '''western horned tragopan''' ('''''Tragopan melanocephalus''''') is a medium-sized brightly plumed [[pheasant]] found along the [[Himalayas]] from north-eastern districts of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province in northern [[Pakistan]] in the west to [[Uttarakhand]] within [[India]] to the east. The species is highly endangered and globally threatened.

==Identification==
The male is very dark, grey and black with numerous white spots, each spot bordered with black and deep crimson patches on the sides and back of the neck. The throat is bare with blue skin while the bare facial skin is red. They have a small black occipital [[Crest (feathers)|crest]]. Females have pale brownish-grey upper parts finely [[vermiculated]] and spotted with black, and most of the feathers have black patches and central white streaks. Immature males resemble females, but are larger with longer legs and a variable amount of black on the head and red on neck.

Males weigh {{convert|1.8|–|2.2|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and females weigh {{convert|1.25|-|1.4|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name = "CRC">''CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses'' by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), {{ISBN|978-0-8493-4258-5}}.</ref> The males vary in length from {{convert|55|–|60|cm|in|abbr=on}} while the females are {{convert|48|–|50|cm|in|abbr=on}}.

==Distribution==
Five populations are known from [[Kohistan District, Pakistan|Kohistan]] and [[Kaghan valley]] in [[Pakistan]] and from [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]], [[Chamba district|Chamba]] and [[Kullu district|Kullu]] districts of India as well as from an area east of the [[Satluj]] river in India. They are found from an altitude of 1,750 to 3,600 m, going higher in summer. Their preferred habitat is the dense understorey of temperate, subalpine and broad-leaved forest.

==Habitats==
It inhabits upper [[temperate forest]]s between 2,400 and 3,600 m in summer, and in winter, dense coniferous and broad-leaved forests between 2,000 and 2,800 m elevations. The western tragopan is mostly arboreal but feeds on the ground. They feed mostly on leaves, shoots and seeds, but also consume [[insects]] and other [[invertebrates]]. Like most pheasants, they roost in trees singly or in pairs except during nesting.

During display, the males show the throat inflated into lappets that appear purple with pink margins. They also display blue horns with a fancied resemblance to those of the Greek mythological god [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]], whence the name ''tragopan'' (''tragos'' "goat" + ''Pan''). During the display they call and the song is a loud two-note ringing ''wou-weee'' which is repeated every second for long periods. The [[Reproduction|breeding]] season is May and June. They build their nests in low tree hollows.

They are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and avoid disturbed habitats (for instance, hydro-electric project development sites).<ref>Jolli, Virat & Pandit, M. K. (2011). "Monitoring pheasants (Phasianidae) in the Western Himalayas to measure the impact of hydro-electric projects". The Ring 33: 37-46. {{doi|10.2478/v10050-011-0003-7}}</ref>

==Status==
[[File:Rekong Peo to Sarahan 052.jpg|thumb|Sign about Western tragopans near [[Sarahan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India]]
The western tragopan is considered the rarest of all living pheasants. Its range is very restricted. In the Kashmir valley, it is known as ''daangeer'', in Chamba as ''phulgar'' and in the [[Kullu Valley|Kullu valley]] as ''jujurana'' ("king of birds"). It was accorded the status of state bird of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in 2007.

The population of the western tragopan is threatened by several [[human impact on the environment|anthropogenic]] factors throughout its range. The world population is estimated at fewer than 5,000 individuals, including a [[captive breeding]] population in [[Himachal Pradesh]] which numbered fewer than ten pairs in 2012.<ref name = "BirdLife">{{cite web | title = Western Tragopan ''Tragopan melanocephalus'' | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=237 | publisher = [[BirdLife International]] | access-date = 9 September 2015}}</ref> [[CITES]] has listed this species in Appendix I in order to discourage selling of its feathers. Representing the endemic bird area D02 of Western Himalaya, the western tragopan has been described as a range-restricted species.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:DodoMansur.jpg| by [[Ustad Mansur]] 1625
File:WestTragopan.jpg|by [[Daniel Giraud Elliot|D G Elliot]] 1872
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Rasmussen, P.C & Anderton, J. C. (2005) Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions.

== External links ==
* [http://www.greathimalayannationalpark.com Home of Western Tragopan]
* [http://www.himachal.nic.in/tour/glance.htm] (Government of Himachal Pradesh )

{{Phasianidae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q845992}}

[[Category:Tragopan|western tragopan]]
[[Category:Birds of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Birds of North India]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1829|western tragopan]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray|western tragopan]]
[[Category:Symbols of Himachal Pradesh]]