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{{Short description|Region in northern India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
[[File:Uttarpradesh-languages.GIF|thumb|right|250 px|Location of Western Uttar Pradesh (consisting of Khariboli, Kannauji and Braj areas)]]
'''Western Uttar Pradesh''' is a region in [[India]] that comprises the western districts of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state, including the areas of [[Rohilkhand]] and those where Khariboli, [[Braj]] and Kannauji are spoken. The region has some demographic, economic and cultural patterns that are distinct from other parts of Uttar Pradesh, and more closely resemble those of [[Haryana]] and [[Rajasthan]] states.<ref name="leaf1998">{{Cite book |last=Leaf|first=Murray J. |authorlink = Murray Leaf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nShHkKOiPTsC |title=Pragmatism and development: the prospect for pluralist transformation in the Third World |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1998 |isbn=978-0897895736 |quote=''... Village organization and district administration in western Uttar Pradesh is generally much more like the neighboring states of Rajasthan and Haryana than like eastern Uttar Pradesh. Eastern Uttar Pradesh is more like Bihar than western Uttar Pradesh ... Of all these regions, western Uttar Pradesh is generally regarded as having the best administration, the most productive agriculture, and the best managed canals ...''}}</ref><ref name="ref48jorop">{{Citation |last=Alfred De Souza |title=Urban growth and urban planning: political context and people's priorities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I17aAAAAMAAJ |year=1983 |publisher=Indian Social Institute, 1983 |quote=''... The difference in the urban settlement pattern between western and eastern Uttar Pradesh is so pronounced that one could almost feel that the two regions were located in two different countries with completely different economic systems ...''}}</ref> Western Uttar Pradesh has experienced rapid economic growth, in a fashion similar to Haryana and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], due to the successes of the [[Green Revolution in India|Green Revolution]].<ref name="ghonemy1986">[[Mohamad Riad El-Ghonemy]], "The Dynamics of Rural Poverty", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1986. ''... Haryana and West Uttar Pradesh recorded spectacular production increases ...''</ref><ref name="rastyannikov1981">V. G. Rastyannikov, "Agrarian Evolution in a Multiform Structure Society: Experience of Independent India", Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, {{ISBN|0710007558}}.</ref><ref name="bhatia1985">B. M. Bhatia, "Food Security in South Asia", Oxford & IHB Pub. Co., 1985.</ref> A significant part of western Uttar Pradesh is a part of [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]] of India. The largest city of the region is [[Ghaziabad]], while the second-largest city, [[Agra]], is a major tourist destination.

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Western Uttar Pradesh
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|72.29}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|26.21}}
{{bar percent|Others†|grey|1.41}}
|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
†<small>Includes [[Sikh]]s, [[Buddhist]]s, [[Christians]], [[Jain]]s.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{Cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 December 2013 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226022814/http://censusindia.gov.in/%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref></small>
}}
{{Bar box|title=Religions in Khariboli sub-region|float=right|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|59.19}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|39.17}}
{{bar percent|Others†|grey|1.64}}|titlebar=#Fcd116}}
{{Bar box|title=Religions in Braj sub-region|float=right|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|82.78}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|16.00}}
{{bar percent|Others†|grey|1.22}}|titlebar=#Fcd116}}

The population of Western Uttar Pradesh is composed of a varied set of communities and tribes, including [[Jat]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Chitraguptavanshi Kayastha|Kayastha]]s, [[Tyagi]]s, [[Ahir]]s, [[Brahmins]], [[Kutchi people|Kachhi]], [[Kahar]], [[Gadaria]], [[Kumhar]], [[Bania (caste)|Bania]], [[Khatik]], [[Lodha]], [[Valmiki caste|Valmikis]], [[Nai (caste)|Nai]], [[Gurjar]]s, [[Jatav]], [[Kurmi]]s and [[Rohilla|Rohilla Pashtuns]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=भाजपा को बड़ा झटका: यूपी का सबसे बड़ा वोट बैंक भाजपा के खिलाफ करेगा मतदान |url=https://www.patrika.com/meerut-news/brahmin-says-will-not-vote-for-bjp-up-election-2017-news-in-hindi-1490467/ |access-date=2019-03-27 |website=www.patrika.com |date=15 July 2016 |language=hi}}</ref> [[Brahmins]], including [[Tyagi Gaur|Tyagis]], constitute 17% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=भाजपा को बड़ा झटका: यूपी का सबसे बड़ा वोट बैंक भाजपा के खिलाफ करेगा मतदान |url=https://www.patrika.com/meerut-news/brahmin-says-will-not-vote-for-bjp-up-election-2017-news-in-hindi-1490467/ |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=www.patrika.com |date=15 July 2016 |language=hi}}</ref> Generally a myth is propagated that West UP has a Jat majority; in reality Jats are a small community in Western Uttar Pradesh outnumbered by other communities.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-28|title=UP Elections: The myth of western UP as 'Jat' land|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/sanjeev-singh-blog/up-elections-the-myth-of-western-up-as-jat-land/|access-date=2022-01-30|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref>

The unique setup of Western UP arises largely from the dominance of intermediate castes engaged in agriculture like the [[Brahmin]]s with [[Tyagi]]s, [[Jat]]s (7%),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-26|title=Wary of Jat-Muslim Consolidation in Western UP, BJP Targets SP, Says Akhilesh 'Cheated' RLD|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/wary-of-jat-muslim-vote-consolidation-in-western-up-bjp-targets-akhilesh-says-he-cheated-jayant-chaudhary-4701017.html|access-date=2022-01-27|website=News18|language=en}}</ref> [[Yadav]]s, [[Gurjar]]s, [[Gadariya]]s and [[Rajput]]s , the region in 1980s and 1990s was witness to the sugarcane mafia led by the above mentioned communities.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-turf-wars-over-sugarcane-factories-started-a-circle-of-crime-in-badlands-of-western-up/story-oRhZASgv15LC1pyQh983yO.html Hindustan Times]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/up-s-wild-west-rises-in-crime-status-359559|title = UP's wild west rises in crime status}}</ref> Yadavs have very small presence in this region.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dasgupta|first=Swapan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gqXDwAAQBAJ&dq=tyagi+brahmin&pg=PT47|title=Awakening Bharat Mata: The Political Beliefs of the Indian Right|date=2019-05-25|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-530-1|language=en}}</ref>

As per 2011 Census, the total population of Western Uttar Pradesh is 71,217,132, out of which 72.29% is [[Hindu]] and 26.21% is [[Muslim]].<ref name="censusindia.gov.in" /> The population in Khariboli region is 29,669,035, (Hindu 59.19% and Muslim 39.17%) and the population of Braj region is 29,754,755 (Hindu 82.78% and Muslim 16%). Muslim population share in eight districts of Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Bijnor, Moradabad, Rampur, Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Meerut and Bareilly has increased from 29.93% in 1951 to 40.43% in 2011. This has been point of contention in politics with demands for population control bill being raised from Hindu groups.

The percentage of [[Muslim]]s in Western Uttar Pradesh (~26%) is higher than the whole state of Uttar Pradesh (where it is 19.3%).<ref name="toi2006tak">{{Citation |title=Minister's demand for Muslim Pradesh condemned |date=2006-07-19 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-19/lucknow/27821622_1_harit-pradesh-azam-khan-muslim-intellectuals |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024084952/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-07-19/lucknow/27821622_1_harit-pradesh-azam-khan-muslim-intellectuals |quote="... demand is neither feasible nor proper," said Manzoor Ahmad, former vice-chancellor of Dr B R Ambedkar University, Agra ... Muslim population which is not more than 25% in Western UP. ... |access-date=2009-07-24 |archive-date=2012-10-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="thehindu2002kds">{{Citation |title=Ajit Singh struggling to retain Muslim vote |date=2002-02-12 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2002/02/13/stories/2002021301391000.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |place=Chennai, India |quote=... the Muslim presence in western U.P. is said to be about 34 per cent ... |access-date=2009-07-24}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Out of 77 assembly seats in this region, Muslim candidates won 26 seats in the 2012 assembly elections.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Mayank |date=19 September 2013 |title=Why the Jat-Muslim coalition has fallen apart in UP |work=[[Business Standard]] |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/why-the-jat-muslim-coalition-has-fallen-apart-in-up-113091900028_1.html |access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref> Several communities are bi-religious.<ref name="ReferenceA">A Glossary of the Tribes & Castes of Punjab by H. A Rose</ref>

The region's [[Rohilla]]s are descended from immigrant groups from centuries ago, and a large subregion of Western Uttar Pradesh, [[Rohilkhand]], takes its name from that [[Pashtun tribe]].<ref name="ref20xucoh">{{Citation |last=Ghaus Ansari |title=Muslim caste in Uttar Pradesh: a study of culture contact (Volumes 12-13 of The Eastern anthropologist) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i0HRAAAAMAAJ |year=1960 |publisher=Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society, 1960 |quote=''... confined primarily to the Rohilkhand and Meerut divisions of Uttar Pradesh. Pathans are generally considered to have come either from Afghanistan or from the Pashto-speaking tribes of the North-West ...''}}</ref>

[[Sikh]]s from West Punjab, who came from [[Pakistan]] after [[Partition of India|partition]], also migrated to the area in large numbers.<ref name="ref56reyup">{{Citation |last=Bagaulia |title=Encyclopaedia Of Human Geography (Set Of 3 Vols.) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffzuHq53VOsC |year=2005 |publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD., 2005 |isbn=9788126124442 |quote=''... Sikhs also settled down in the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, transforming this once malaria-infested wetland into a granary of northern India ...''}}</ref>

Western Uttar Pradesh has gained notoriety for accounting for 30 per cent of the total [[Honor killing#India|honor killings]] in the country, according to a survey done by [[All India Democratic Women's Association|AIDWA]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeelani |first=Gulam |date=29 October 2015 |title=30% honour killings of the country in west UP: AIDWA survey |publisher=News18.com |url=http://www.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/30-honour-killings-of-the-country-in-west-up-aidwa-survey-830059.html |access-date=29 October 2015}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2021}}

Western Uttar Pradesh shares borders with the states of [[Uttarakhand]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[Delhi]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]], as well as a brief international border with [[Nepal]] in [[Pilibhit district]]. Major cities and towns include [[Baghpat]], [[Bareilly]], [[Badaun]], [[Agra]], [[Mathura]], [[Moradabad]], [[Sambhal]], [[Amroha]], [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]], [[Noida]], [[Bulandshahr]], [[Meerut]], [[Hapur]], [[Saharanpur]], [[Aligarh]], [[Hathras]], [[Kasganj]], [[Muzaffarnagar]], [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Shahjahanpur]], [[Etah]], [[Firozabad]], [[Mainpuri]], [[Shamli]], [[Bijnor]], [[Najibabad]], [[Farrukhabad]], [[Etawah]] and [[Auraiya]].

===Soil conditions===
Western Uttar Pradesh's soil and relief has marked differences from that of the eastern part of the state.<ref name="ref64heger">{{Citation |last=Aijazuddin Ahmad |title=Geography of the South Asian subcontinent: a critical approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC |year=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company, 2009 |isbn=9788180695681 |quote=''... These differences are caused by the depositional work of rivers, local climates, natural vegetation cover and the soil. Even the difference between the plains of western Uttar Pradesh and eastern Uttar Pradesh is quite well marked ...''}}</ref> The soil tends to be lighter-textured [[loam]], with some occurrences of sandy soil.<ref name="ref35qeciq">{{Citation |last=A.K. Kolay |title=Soil Genesis, Classification Survey And Evaluation, Volume 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dWU_2nhMnMC |year=2007 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 2007 |isbn=9788126908035 |quote=''... ...''}}</ref> Some [[loess]] soil is continuously deposited by winds blowing eastwards from Rajasthan's [[Thar Desert]].<ref name="ref64zerag">{{Citation |last=M. Hanif |title=Encyclopaedia of Agricultural Geography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBuPAmUqfqkC |year=2005 |publisher=Anmol Publications Private Limited, 2005 |isbn=9788126124824 |quote=''... Loess is the finest particle of sand carried by winds from desert (Thar desert) to the neighbouring areas of Haryana, Punjab, western Uttar Pradesh and western Madhya Pradesh. Here a thin layer of loess particles ...''}}</ref>

===Precipitation===
Western Uttar Pradesh receives rain through the Indian [[Monsoon]] and the [[Western Disturbance]]s. The Monsoon carries moisture northwards from the [[Indian Ocean]], occurs in late summer and is important to the [[Kharif crop|Kharif or autumn harvest]].<ref name="katiyar1990">Vidya Sagar Katiyar, "Indian Monsoon and Its Frontiers", Inter-India Publications, 1990, {{ISBN|81-210-0245-1}}.</ref><ref name="jainchatterjee1972">Ajit Prasad Jain and Shiba Prasad Chatterjee, "Report of the Irrigation Commission, 1972", Ministry of Irrigation and Power, Government of India, 1972.</ref> Western Disturbances, on the other hand, are an extratropical weather phenomenon that carry moisture eastwards from the [[Mediterranean Sea]], the [[Caspian Sea]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="hbl2005">{{Cite web |date=2005-11-17 |title=Western disturbances herald winter in Northern India |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/11/17/stories/2005111702801900.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214030132/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/11/17/stories/2005111702801900.htm |archive-date=14 February 2009 |access-date=2008-10-20 |publisher=The Hindu Business Line |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="wang2006">Bin Wang, "The Asian Monsoon", Springer, 2006, {{ISBN|3-540-40610-7}}.</ref><ref name="datta1968">R.K. Datta (Meteorological Office, Dum Dum) and M.G. Gupta (Meteorological Office, Delhi), "Synoptic study of the formation and movements of Western Depressions", Indian Journal of Meteorology & Geophysics, India Meteorological Department, 1968.</ref><ref name="dimri2004">A.P. Dimri, "Models to improve winter minimum surface temperature forecasts, Delhi, India", ''[[Meteorological Applications]]'', 11, pp 129-139, [[Royal Meteorological Society]], Cambridge University Press, 2004.</ref> They primarily occur during the winter season and are critically important for the main staple of the region, [[wheat]], which is part of the [[Rabi crop|Rabi or spring harvest]].<ref name="wang2006" />

===Administrative divisions===
Western Uttar Pradesh includes 30 districts in six divisions:
# [[Meerut division]]
# [[Saharanpur division]]
# [[Moradabad division]]
# [[Bareilly division]]
# [[Agra division]]
# [[Aligarh division]]
# Some districts of [[Kanpur Division]]

'''Districts :''' [[Meerut District|Meerut]], [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]], [[Gautam Buddha Nagar District|Gautam Buddha Nagar]], [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]], [[Hapur district|Hapur]], [[Baghpat district|Baghpat]], [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]], [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]], [[Shamli district|Shamli]], [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]], [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]], [[Rampur district|Rampur]], [[Amroha district|Amroha]], [[Sambhal district|Sambhal]], [[Bareilly District|Bareilly]], [[Badaun District|Badaun]], [[Pilibhit District|Pilibhit]], [[Shahjahanpur District|Shahjahanpur]], [[Agra District|Agra]], [[Firozabad District|Firozabad]], [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]], [[Mathura district|Mathura]], [[Aligarh District|Aligarh]], [[Etah District|Etah]], [[Hathras District|Hathras]], [[Kasganj district|Kasganj]], [[Etawah district|Etawah]], [[Auraiya district|Auraiya]] and [[Farrukhabad district|Farrukhabad]].

==Demands for statehood==
In Uttar Pradesh, "the cultural divide between the east and the west is considerable, with the ''purabiyas'' (easterners) often being clubbed with [[Biharis]]."<ref name="mazumdar1988">{{Cite web |last=Indrani |first=Mazumdar |date=1988 |title=Unorganised Workers of Delhi and the Seven Day Strike of 1988 |url=http://www.indialabourarchives.org/publications/Indrani%20Mazumdar.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040401063623/http://www.indialabourarchives.org/publications/Indrani%20Mazumdar.htm |archive-date=1 April 2004 |access-date=23 September 2015 |publisher=Archives of Indian Labour}}</ref> Also, while the green revolution resulted in a rapidly rising standard of living in Western Uttar Pradesh, Eastern Uttar Pradesh (like [[Bihar]]) did not benefit to the same extent.<ref name="lucas1988">Robert E. B. Lucas, Gustav Fritz Papanek, "The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future Prospects", Westview Press, 1988, {{ISBN|0813375053}}.</ref><ref name="etienne1985">Gilbert Etienne, "Rural Development In Asia: Meetings With Peasants", Sage Publications, 1985, {{ISBN|0803994958}}.</ref> These cultural and economic disparities are believed to have fueled the demand for separate statehood in Western Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="kudaisya2006">Gyanesh Kudaisya, "Region, Nation, Heartland: Uttar Pradesh in India's Body Politic", Sage Publications, 2006, {{ISBN|0761935193}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-02-19 |title=RLD, BSP gear up as Mulayam exit looms |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070219/nation.htm#1 |access-date=2008-10-18 |publisher=The Tribune, Chandigarh}}</ref> A separate entity would likely become a prosperous smaller state similar to Haryana and Punjab, under greater political control of local ethnic groups.<ref name="singh2001gdj">{{Citation |last=Jagpal Singh |title=Politics of Harit Pradesh: The Case of Western UP as a Separate State |date=4 August 2001 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=36 |issue=31 |pages=2961–2967 |jstor=4410945 |quote=''... It is spearheaded by the politicians, especially a section of jats, belonging to western UP. Ajit Singh has been playing a pivotal role in it ...''}}</ref>

Some politicians and parties have demanded that Western Uttar Pradesh be granted statehood under the name [[Harit Pradesh]].<ref name="basu2005">{{Citation |last=Sajal Basu |title=Regionalism, ethnicity, and left politics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uApuAAAAMAAJ |year=2005 |publisher=Rawat Publications |isbn=978-8170339304 |quote=''... perhaps only to strengthen his own demand of a separate Harit Pradesh comprising 23 districts from western UP ...A consequent demand for the separation of the more prosperous western districts of UP which have been the bastion of the green revolution, and have variously been named as Pashchim Pradesh or more recently as Harit Pradesh by Ajit Singh ...''}}</ref> [[Braj Pradesh]] and Pashchim Pradesh are alternative names that have been proposed, because the region incorporates the historic region of [[Braj]] and is the western (''pashchim'' in Hindi) part of Uttar Pradesh respectively.<ref name="basu2005" /><ref name="singh1992">{{Citation |last=Kumar Suresh Singh, Anthropological Survey of India, [[N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology]] |title=Ethnicity, caste, and people: proceedings of the Indo-Soviet seminars held in Calcutta and Leningrad, 1990 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQ-BAAAAMAAJ |year=1992 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=9788173040146 |quote=''... public organizations making demands for administrative autonomy for the Braj speaking people and even the setting up of a separate state "Braj Pradesh' ...''}}</ref>

==Religious riots==
[[File:Moradabad pic 13.JPG|thumb|right|250 px|Jigar gate in [[Moradabad]], named for the famous [[Urdu]] poet [[Jigar Moradabadi]].]]
Western Uttar Pradesh has a history of religious riots happening frequently.<ref name="livemint.com">{{Cite news |last=Varma |first=Gyan |date=12 September 2013 |title=Communalism gains new ground in rural India |work=[[Live Mint]] |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Lmv1m7PQ9zb9YQlWidPwzO/Communalism-gains-new-ground-in-rural-India.html?ref=mr |access-date=3 June 2019}}</ref> Many [[Hindu]] and [[Muslim]] riots happened in [[Meerut]] and [[Muzaffarnagar]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Manisha |date=12 September 2013 |title=Will Uttar Pradesh politics change post Muzaffarnagar riots? |work=[[Zee News]] |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/will-uttar-pradesh-politics-change-post-muzaffarnagar-riots_876091.html |access-date=3 June 2019}}</ref> Beginning on 27 August 2013, clashes between the Hindu and Muslim communities of the [[Muzaffarnagar district]] have claimed 43 lives and injured 93.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Troops deployed to quell deadly communal clashes between Hindus, Muslims in north India |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/09/08/troops-deployed-to-quell-deadly-communal-clashes-between-hindus-muslims-in/ |access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="fp1">{{Cite web |last=Adrija Bose |date=2013-09-08 |title=Firstpost India IBN7 journalist killed in UP communal riots, Army clamps curfewIBN7 journalist killed in UP communal riots, Army clamps curfew |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/ibn7-journalist-killed-in-up-communal-riots-army-clamps-curfew-1092877.html |access-date=2013-09-08 |website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name="hindu2">{{Cite web |last=Ahmed Ali Fayyaz |date=2013-09-08 |title=9 killed in communal riots in Muzaffarnagar, curfew clamped, army deployed |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/9-killed-in-communal-riots-in-muzaffarnagar-curfew-clamped-army-deployed/1166053/ |access-date=2013-09-08 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="htt">{{Cite news |date=2013-09-07 |title=Fresh clashes in UPs Muzaffarnagar leave 26 dead, Army deployed in affected areas |work=The Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Fresh-clashes-in-UP-s-Muzaffarnagar-leave-26-dead-Army-deployed-in-affected-areas/Article1-1118891.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909095145/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Fresh-clashes-in-UP-s-Muzaffarnagar-leave-26-dead-Army-deployed-in-affected-areas/Article1-1118891.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 September 2013 |access-date=2013-09-08}}</ref>

A girl from the Hindu [[Jat]] community was stalked by a Muslim youth in Kawal village.<ref name="mint20130912">{{Cite news |last=Varma |first=Gyan |date=12 September 2013 |title=Communalism gains new ground in rural India |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Live Mint]] |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Lmv1m7PQ9zb9YQlWidPwzO/Communalism-gains-new-ground-in-rural-India.html |access-date=12 September 2013 |quote=The violence erupted after a girl belonging to the dominant Jat community was subjected to street harassment by some young students in Kawal village. The incident led to clashes between Jats and Muslims in the village in which three people died.}}</ref><ref name="dna20130912">{{Cite news |last=Sagar |first=Pradip R |date=12 September 2013 |title=dna in Muzaffarnagar: SP bid to gain foothold in Muzaffarnagar behind deadly riots? |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1887698/report-dna-in-muzaffarnagar-sp-bid-to-gain-foothold-in-muzaffarnagar-behind-deadly-riots |access-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> In retaliation, a Muslim youth named Shahnawaz Qureshi<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 September 2013 |title=The Muzaffarnagar aftermath |work=India Today |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/the-muzaffarnagar-aftermath/1/10105.html#photo6 |access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref> was killed by two brothers of the girl, Sachin Singh and Gaurav Singh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 September 2013 |title=The Muzaffarnagar aftermath |work=India Today |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/the-muzaffarnagar-aftermath/1/10105.html#photo9 |access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="itvnews">{{Cite web |date=2013-09-08 |title=Timeline of Muzaffarnagar riots: eve-teasing incident led to murders, then riots |url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/timeline-of-muzaffarnagar-riots-eve-teasing-incident-led-to-mur-27571.html |access-date=2013-09-08 |website=India TV News}}</ref> The two brothers were lynched by a Muslim mob when they were trying to escape.<ref name="itvnews" />

Another major riot in Meerut took place on 22 May 1987, during the [[Religious violence in India|Hindu-Muslim riots]] in [[Meerut]] city in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state, India, when 19 personnel of the [[Provincial Armed Constabulary]] (PAC) allegedly rounded up 42 Muslim youth from the Hashimpura ''[[mohalla]]'' (locality) of the city, took them in truck to the outskirts, near [[Murad Nagar]], in [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad district]], where they were shot and their bodies were [[Dump job#Police usage|dump]]ed in water canals. A few days later dead bodies were found floating in the canals. In May 2000, 16 of the 19 accused surrendered, and were later released on bail, while 3 were already dead. The trial of the case was transferred by the [[Supreme Court of India]] in 2002 from [[Ghaziabad, India|Ghaziabad]] to a [[Sessions Court]] at the [[Tis Hazari]] complex in [[Delhi]],<ref name="ft">{{Cite news |last=Narrain |first=Siddharth |date=7–20 May 2005 |title=Justice out of sight |volume=22 |work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |publisher=[[The Hindu Group]] |issue=10 |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2210/stories/20050520001504300.htm |url-status=usurped |access-date=26 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080810064151/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2210/stories/20050520001504300.htm |archive-date=10 August 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> where it is the oldest pending case.

A Riot broke out in Kanth Village of [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]] on 27 June 2014, over installation of loud speakers at a religious place, which was objected to by another community. The tension prevailed for over a week accompanied by frequent clashes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moradabad's Kanth village tense after Communal clashes |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/07/moradabads-kanth-village-tense-after-communal-clashes/ |access-date=5 July 2014 |website=IANS |publisher=news.biharprabha.com}}</ref> Another riot occurred between the Sikh and Muslim communities in [[Saharanpur]] over a land dispute, killing three and injuring many people.<ref>{{Cite news |last=FP Staff |date=27 Jul 2014 |title=UP on boil: 3 dead in Sikh-Muslim clashes in Saharanpur, Moradabad tense |publisher=[[Firstpost|FirstPost]] |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/up-on-boil-3-dead-in-sikh-muslim-clashes-in-saharanpur-moradabad-tense-1636655.html |access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref> As much as 13 companies of the Rapid Action Force, the PAC and CRPF were conveyed by the government to take control of the situation after imposing curfew in riot-hit areas of Saharanpur.

==Highway connectedness==
Major highways running through the region include [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH 2]], [[National Highway 3 (India)|NH 3]], [[National Highway 11 (India)|NH 11]], [[NH 24]], [[NH 58]], [[NH 73]], [[NH 74]], [[National Highway 87 (India)|NH 87]], [[NH 91]], [[NH 93]], [[National Highway 119 (India)(old numbering)|NH 119]], [[National Highway 235 (India)|NH 235]], [[National Highway 709A (India)|NH 709A]], [[National Highway 709B (India)|NH 709B]], [[National Highway 709AD (India)|NH 709AD]],

[[Noida Greater Noida Expressway]]

[[Yamuna Expressway]]

[[Agra Lucknow Expressway]]

[[Eastern Peripheral Expressway]]

[[Delhi-Meerut Expressway]]

[[Ganga Expressway]].

==Notable people==
{{col-begin}}


{{col-break}}
;Politics and law

*[[S. P. Singh Baghel]]
*[[Ram Chandra Vikal]]
*[[Sanjeev Balyan]]
*[[Shafiqur Rahman Barq]]
*[[Madan Bhaiya]]
*[[Vedram Bhati]]
*[[B. S. Chauhan]]
*[[Choudhary Virender Singh]]
*[[Jayant Chaudhary]]
*[[Santosh Gangwar]]
*[[Nand Kishor Gurjar]]
*[[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]]
*[[Suresh Kumar Khanna]]
*[[Satya Pal Malik]]
*[[Imran Masood]]
*[[Mayawati]]
*[[Iqbal Mehmood]]
*[[Rajesh Pilot]]
*[[Surendra Singh Nagar]]
*[[Malook Nagar]]
*[[Vedram Bhati]]
*[[Kadir Rana]]
*[[Mahesh Sharma]]
*[[Shrikant Sharma]]
*[[Ajit Singh (politician)|Ajit Singh]]
*[[Ch. Charan Singh]]
*[[Chaudhary Laxmi Narayan Singh]]
*[[Narain Singh (politician)|Narain Singh]]
*[[Prakash Vir Shastri]]
*[[Hukum Singh]]
*[[Kalyan Singh]]
*[[Manish Sisodia]]
*[[Mahavir Tyagi]]
*[[Nitin Tyagi]]
*[[Rajiv Tyagi]]
*[[K. C. Tyagi]]
*[[Satyavir Tyagi]]
*[[Somendra Tomar]]
*[[Ashok Katariya]]
*[[Robert Vadra]]
*[[Kumar Vishwas]]
*[[Akhilesh Yadav]]
*[[Akshay Yadav]]
*[[D. P. Yadav]]
*[[Dharmendra Yadav]]
*[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
*[[Ram Gopal Yadav]]
*[[Shivpal Singh Yadav]]
{{col-break}}

;Arts and Music
*[[Rati Agnihotri]]
*[[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
*[[Bharat Bhushan]]
*[[Mahima Chaudhry]]
*[[Priyanka Chopra]]
*[[Lara Dutta]]
*[[Arun Govil]]
*[[Boney Kapoor]]
*[[Kailash Kher]]
*[[Dushyant Kumar]]
*[[Mandakini (actress)|Mandakini]]
*[[Disha Patani]]
*[[Naseeruddin Shah]]
*[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]]
*[[Chitrangada Singh]]
*[[Sushant Singh]]
*[[Parag Tyagi]]
*[[Roopal Tyagi]]
*[[Sucharita Tyagi]]
*[[Rajpal Yadav]]
*[[Kumar Vishwas]]
{{col-break}}

;Armed Forces
*[[Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria]]
*[[Zameer Uddin Shah]]
*[[Jas Ram Singh]]
*[[Kushal Pal Singh]]
*[[Asaram Tyagi]]
*[[Shashindra Pal Tyagi]]
*[[Yogendra Singh Yadav]]
{{col-break}}

;Academics/Research

*[[Shyam Swarup Agarwal]]
*[[Javed Agrewala]]
*[[Girjesh Govil]]
*[[Anu Garg]]
*[[Abhaya Indrayan]]
*[[S. C. Jain]]
*[[Shahid Jameel]]
*[[Vinod Johri]]
*[[Amitabh Joshi]]
*[[Atma Ram (scientist)|Atma Ram]]
*[[Anil Kumar Tyagi]]
*[[Akhilesh Kumar Tyagi]]
*[[Deep Tyagi]]
*[[Yogesh Kumar Tyagi]]
{{col-break}}

;Sports

*[[Rahul Chaudhari]]
*[[Dharampal Singh Gudha]]
*[[Saurabh Chaudhary]]
*[[Piyush Chawla]]
*[[Kavita Devi (journalist)|Kavita Devi]]
*[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]
*[[Praveen Kumar]]
*[[Nishu Kumar]]
*[[Satish Kumar (boxer)|Satish Kumar]]
*[[Seema Punia]]
*[[Suresh Raina]]
*[[Annu Rani]]
*[[Sumit Rathi]]
*[[Varun Singh Bhati]]
*[[Parvinder Awana]]
*[[Shahzar Rizvi]]
*[[Saniya Shaikh]]
*[[Chandro Tomar]]
*[[Nitin Tomar]]
*[[Prakashi Tomar]]
*[[Harsh Tyagi]]
*[[Kartik Tyagi]]
*[[Sudeep Tyagi]]
{{col-end}}



==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Uttar Pradesh}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Regions of Uttar Pradesh]]

Western Uttar Pradesh - Revision history

MUKESH SINGH: minor refine references additionally and improved wording per sources

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article