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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{short description|Language family}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox language family<br />
| name = Western Pahari<br />
| region = India ([[Himachal Pradesh]], parts of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] & [[Uttarakhand]])<br />
| familycolor = Indo-European<br />
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]<br />
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]<br />
| fam4 = [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Northern Indo-Aryan]]<br />
| iso2 = him<br />
| glotto = hima1250<br />
| ancestor = <br />
| glottoname = <br />
| glottorefname=Himachali<br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Western Pahari''' or '''Himachali''' languages are a group of [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages]] spoken in a region of northern India centred on [[Himachal Pradesh]] and including parts of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Uttarakhand]].<br />
<br />
== Languages ==<br />
[[File:Pahari.jpg|alt=|thumb|168x168px|Pahari written in Various Scripts]]<br />
The following lists the languages classified as belonging to Western Pahari, with the provisional grouping used in [[Glottolog]] 4.1:<ref>{{cite web|title = Family: Himachali | website = [[Glottolog]] 4.1|url = https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/hima1250}}</ref><br />
:[[Jaunsari language|Jaunsari]]<br />
:Nuclear Himachali:<br />
::[[Hinduri language|Hinduri]]<br />
::[[Pahari Kinnauri language|Pahari Kinnauri]]<br />
::[[Kullu Pahari language|Kullu Pahari]]<br />
::[[Mahasu Pahari language|Mahasu Pahari]]<br />
::[[Sirmauri language|Sirmauri]]<br />
:[[Mandeali language|Mandeali]]<br />
:Kangric-Chamealic-Bhattiyali:<br />
::Chamealic:<br />
:::[[Bhadarwahi language|Bhadarwahi]]<br />
:::[[Churahi language|Churahi]]<br />
:::[[Bhattiyali language|Bhattiyali]]<br />
:::[[Bilaspuri language|Bilaspuri]]<br />
:::[[Chambeali language|Chambeali]]<br />
:::[[Gaddi language|Gaddi]]<br />
:::[[Pangwali language|Pangwali]]<br />
::Kangri-Dogri:<br />
:::[[Dogri language|Dogri]]<br />
:::[[Kangri language|Kangri]]<br />
<br />
These languages are a [[dialect chain]], and neighbouring varieties may be [[mutually intelligible]]. Some Western Pahari languages have occasionally been regarded as dialects of either [[Dogri language|Dogri]], Hindustani or Punjabi.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
Some Western Pahari languages, notably Dogri and Kangri, are [[tone language|tonal]], like their close relative [[Panjabi language|Punjabi]] but unlike most other Indic languages. [[Dogri language|Dogri]] has been an official language in India since 2003.<br />
<br />
[[Claus Peter Zoller]], suggests that the [[Bangani language]] is closely related to (or belongs to) the Western Pahari languages. <br />
<br />
To the west of the core areas of Western Pahari – in the mountainous areas of [[Jammu region|Jammu]] – there are a number of varieties that are intermediate with [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]. These include [[Kishtwari]] and [[Poguli language|Poguli]] (both often counted as Kashmiri dialects), and [[Sarazi language|Sarazi]] (typically included within Wester Pahari).<ref>{{cite book| last = Kaul| first = Pritam Krishen| year = 2006| title = Pahāṛi and Other Tribal Dialects of Jammu| volume = 1| place = Delhi| publisher = Eastern Book Linkers| isbn = 8178541017}}</ref><br />
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==Writing systems==<br />
<br />
Western Pahari was classified as a language category by renowned linguist Sir George Abraham Grierson for languages spoken in what we refer to as the Western Pahari Belt, which includes parts of present day Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and the Galyat region of Pakistan. The language has numerous dialects, which were written mostly in the [[Tankri]] script before the 19th century. The script originated from [[Sharada script|Sharada]], and is regarded as one of South Asia’s oldest writing forms. However, in current times [[Devanagari]], [[Nastaliq]], [[Gurumukhi]], [[Shahmukhi]] and [[Arabic]] alphabets are employed to write Western Pahari across the entire linguistic sphere.<ref> article| Serena, Hussain;Sharma, Vishal|year = 2020|title = Why Recognising Indigenous Language Movements Is Crucial in Contemporary South Asia| Publisher = The Wire| web|url=https://m.thewire.in/article/culture/international-mother-language-day-indigenous-language-movements-south-asia.html|</ref><br />
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== Status ==<br />
According to the [[UNESCO|United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)]], all of Western Pahari languages, except for Dogri, are under either definitely endangered or critically endangered category.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Endangered languages|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered}}</ref> None of these languages, except for Dogri, have any official status.<br />
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The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha. There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations are striving to save the language. Due to political interest, the language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi, even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it and having a higher mutual intelligibility with other recognised languages like Dogri.{{CN|date=January 2021}}<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
*{{Cite book| last = Masica| first = Colin P.|author-link = Colin Masica| title = The Indo-Aryan languages| series = Cambridge language surveys| date = 1991| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-23420-7}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*[http://llmap.org/assets/maps/LinguisticSurveyIndia/wpah.png Map of Western Pahari languages] from [[G.A. Grierson|Grierson's]] early 20th-century [[Linguistic Survey of India]]<br />
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* [https://www.himachalibhasha.in Himachali] a effort by Himachal Pradesh State to form a Pahari language out of Western Pahari languages of the state.<br />
<br />
{{Dogri-Kangri languages}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dogri-Kangri Languages}}<br />
[[Category:Languages of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Culture of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Pahari languages]]</div>imported>Ratri21