157.119.178.50: Karnataka is part of southern India it's not included in western India. Primarily Karnataka is south indian state and included in south India administration except some instances which includes northern karantaka in west India that too for administrative purpose for few government institutions. I removed karantaka from primary to some times column because Karnataka is southern administrative state you can check it on south India wikipedia page.

2021-08-31T08:02:34Z

Karnataka is part of southern India it's not included in western India. Primarily Karnataka is south indian state and included in south India administration except some instances which includes northern karantaka in west India that too for administrative purpose for few government institutions. I removed karantaka from primary to some times column because Karnataka is southern administrative state you can check it on south India wikipedia page.

New page

{{short description|Group of Western Indian states}}
{{about|West India|the Caribbean region|West Indies}}
{{See|List of regions of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Western India
| native_name_lang =  
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| motto =
| image_map = Western India.png
| map_alt =
| coordinates =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|States and territories]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{plainlist|
* [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
* [[Goa]]
* [[Gujarat]]
* [[Maharashtra]]
* [[Rajasthan]]
''
}}
| subdivision_type2 = Other states sometimes included
| subdivision_name2 = {{plainlist|
* [[Haryana]]
* [[Karnataka]] (northern)
* [[Kerala]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Punjab]] (southern)
* [[Uttar Pradesh]] (western)
''
}}
| subdivision_type3 = Largest city
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mumbai]]
| subdivision_type4 = Most populous cities (2011)
| subdivision_name4 = {{Flatlist|
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu: 
* [[Silvassa]]
* [[Daman, India|Daman city]]
* [[Amli, India|Amli town]]
* [[Diu, India|Diu town]]
Goa: 
* [[Mormugao]]
* [[Margao]]
* [[Mapusa]]
* [[Panaji]]
* [[Curchorem]]
Gujarat: 
* [[Ahmedabad]]
* [[Surat]]
* [[Vadodara]]
* [[Rajkot]]
* [[Bhavnagar]]
Maharashtra: 
* [[Mumbai]]
* [[Pune]]
* [[Nagpur]]
* [[Nashik]]
* [[Vasai-Virar]]
Rajasthan: 
* [[Jaipur]]
* [[Jodhpur]]
* [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]]
* [[Bikaner]]
* [[Ajmer]]
}}
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Official languages of India|Official languages]]
| blank_info_sec1 = {{Flatlist|
* [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
* [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
* [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
* [[Hindi]]
* [[English language|English]]
}}
| unit_pref = Metric


| area_footnotes =
| area_note =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 508,032
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| population_total = 173,343,821
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
| utc_offset1 =
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
}}

'''Western India''' is a loosely defined [[region of India]] consisting of its western part. The [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] in its [[Western Zonal Council]] [[Administrative divisions of India|Administrative division]] includes the [[States and territories of India|states]] of [[Goa]], [[Gujarat]], and [[Maharashtra]] along with the [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]],<ref name="Zonal Council">{{cite web|url=http://interstatecouncil.nic.in/iscs/genesis/|title=INTER-STATE COUNCIL SECRETARIAT, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> while the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] and some historians also include the state of [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=WZCC>{{cite web|title=West Zone Cultural Centre|url=http://www.wzccindia.com/index.php?q=Page&slug=about-wczz/|website=wzccindia.com|publisher=Ministry of Culture, [[Government of India]]|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi|author2=Binay Kumar Rai|title=The Tribal Culture of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=scgz0Uzn64YC&q=rajasthan+goa+maharashtra+gujarat+western+india&pg=PA66|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1977}}</ref> The [[Geological Survey of India]] includes [[Maharashtra]] but excludes [[Rajasthan]]<ref name="GSI">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsi.gov.in/webcenter/portal/OCBIS/page13/page1734?_adf.ctrl-state=185uiqiyky_34&_afrLoop=2969808392873635#!|title=Geological Survey of India|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> whereas [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]] includes [[Karnataka]] but excludes [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="NCLM">{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title= Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, [[Government of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171523/http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=28 December 2017|access-date=31 August 2020}}</ref>

[[Madhya Pradesh]] is also often included<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HhAvy9B4q7IC&pg=PA85|title=New Development Paradigms and Challenges for Western and Central India|last1=Parthasamy|first1=R.|last2=Iyengar|first2=Sudarshan|publisher=[[Concept Publishing Company]]|year=2006|isbn=9788180692802|page=85|quote=The four States in western India, viz. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asia-planet.net/india/madhya.htm|title=West India - Madhya Pradesh|publisher=Asia-Planet}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Dispossession and Resistance in India: The River and the Rage|first=Alf Gunvald|last=Nilsen|isbn=9781136994326|page=205|publisher=Routledge|year=2010}}</ref> and [[Haryana]], western [[Uttar Pradesh]] and southern [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] are sometimes included.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ecology of Cenchrus grass complex|first1=S.C.|last1=Pandeya|first2=Helmut|last2=Lieth|page=219|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqnsCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA219|publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]]|date=6 December 2012|isbn=9789401129268}}</ref> Western India may also refer to the western half of India, i.e. all the states west of [[Delhi]] and [[Chennai]], thus also including [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Kerala]] and surrounding states.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZF0CrtE2pQC&pg=PA192|title=An Economic History of India: From Pre-colonial Times to 1991|pages=190–193|last=Rothermund|first=Dietmar|isbn=9780415088718|publisher=[[Psychology Press]]|year=1993}}</ref> The region is highly industrialised, with a large [[urban population]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm| title = Census GIS data| access-date = 12 March 2008}}</ref> Roughly, western India is bounded by the [[Thar Desert]] in the north, the [[Vindhya Range]] in the east and north and the [[Arabian Sea]] in the west. A major portion of Western India shares the [[Thar Desert]] with [[North India]] and [[Pakistan]] and the [[Deccan Plateau]] with [[South India|South]] and [[Central India]].

In ancient history, Western India was divided into three great states according to [[Xuanzang|Hwen Thsang]], namely [[Sindh]] (which comprised the whole valley of the [[Indus River|Indus]] from the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] to the sea, including the [[Indus River Delta|Delta]] and the island of [[Kutch]]), [[Gurjaradesa|Gurjara]] (which comprised Western [[Rajputana]] and the [[Thar Desert|Indian Desert]]), and Balabhi (which comprised the [[Kathiawar|peninsula of Gujarat]], with a small portion of the adjacent coast).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JhXV4A0mjogC&pg=PA248|page=248|last=Cunningham|first=Sir Alexandar|title=The Ancient Geography of India. I.|volume=1|year=1871|publisher=[[Trübner & Company]]}}</ref> Before the [[partition of India]], the now-Pakistani territories of [[Sindh]] and [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] were also included in this region. In art history, the term normally covers just Gujarat and Rajasthan, which tend to move together in terms of style.<ref>Blurton, T. Richard, ''Hindu Art'', p. 187, 1994, British Museum Press, {{ISBN|0 7141 1442 1}}; Michell, George (1990), ''The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, p.262, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu'', 1990, Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0140081445}}</ref>
[[File:Zonal Councils.svg|thumb|300px|right|States under Western India Zonal Council in ''mauve'']]

==History==
[[File:India1760 1905.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Maratha Empire]] in the 18th century.]]
Parts of Gujarat were the site of [[Indus Valley Civilization]]. Places have been uncovered in Gujarat at [[Lothal]], [[Surkotada]], and around [[Ghaggar]] river in [[Rajasthan]]. The Western Indian region was ruled by the [[Rashtrakuta]] Empire, the [[Maurya]] Empire, the [[Gupta Empire]], [[Rajputs]], [[Satavahanas]], [[Western Satraps]], [[Indo Greeks]], [[Kadambas of Goa|Kadambas]] etc. in the ancients times. During the medieval age, the area was under the rule of the [[Vaghela dynasty]], the [[Gujarat Sultanate]], and the [[Delhi Sultanate]]. Thereafter, the area was under [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule. Later, the [[Maratha Empire]] which arose in western Maharashtra came to dominate a major portion of the Indian sub-continent. However its defeat by the British in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha war|Anglo-Maratha]] wars left most of India under colonial rule. The region then experienced great upheavals during the struggle for [[Indian independence movement|Indian Independence]]. [[Gandhi]]'s [[Dandi March]] took place in Gujarat. The region became part of independent India in 1947, and the present state boundaries were drawn based on linguistic considerations in 1956.<ref name = "states_reorganization_act">{{cite web| url = http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/num_act/sra1956250/| title = States Reorganization Act| access-date = 12 March 2008}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Jain temples on Girnar mountain aerial view.jpg|thumb|left|Jain Temples on Girnar Mountain range]]
[[File:kokan12.jpg|thumb|right|Konkan in monsoon]]
The region consists of the predominantly arid to semi-arid region of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch]] in the North. The region South of that of [[Cambay]] and Southern Gujarat makes the northern semi arid region and the southern humid region submerge. The [[Western Ghats]] lie along the coast of South Gujarat, Maharashtra and Goa. The [[Deccan plain]]s of the [[Vidarbha]], [[Marathwada]] in central and eastern Maharashtra define the rest of the region. The vegetation varies from tropical rainforests along the Konkan coast to thorny bushes and shrubs in northern Gujarat. The rivers in this region are the [[Mahi River|Mahi]], [[Narmada River|Narmada]], [[Tapti River|Tapi]], [[Godavari]], [[Zuari]], [[Mandovi]], [[Krishna]], [[Ghaggar]], [[Chambal Division|Chambal]] and many other smaller tributaries of other rivers.
{{Geographic location
|width=auto
|Centre = Western India
|North = [[North India]]
|Northeast = [[Central India]]
|East = [[Central India]]
|Southeast = [[South India]]
|South = [[South India]]
|Southwest = [[Arabian Sea]]
|West = [[Arabian Sea]]
|Northwest = [[Pakistan]] ([[Sindh]])
}}

==Climate==
The climate varies between tropical wet, tropical wet and dry, and semi arid. The coastal regions experience little seasonal variations although the temperatures range between 20 °C to 38 °C. [[Mumbai]] and northern [[Konkan]] regions experience cooler winters with minimum temperatures hovering around 12 °C. Interior Maharashtra experiences hot [[summer]]s with maximum temperatures averaging 40 °C and mild [[winter]]s with minimum [[temperature]]s averaging about 10 °C. Pune, a city in the western region experiences temperatures around 35-40 °C in summers and 7-12 °C on winters. Gujarat also has a warm climate with hot summers and cool winters.

==Demographics==
[[File:Megwhal woman.jpg|thumb|right|150px|A [[Meghwal]] woman in the [[Hodka]] village, north of [[Bhuj]].]]
The majority follow [[Hinduism]] and there are significant minority who follow [[Islam]] and smaller number who follow [[Christianity]]. There are also a few indigenous Jews called the [[Bene Israel]] who speak [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. The [[Parsees]] who settled in Gujarat made Mumbai and [[Surat]] their home. Significant percentages of [[Jainism|Jains]] and [[Buddhists]] can be found too. Most Christians live in the state of Goa.

Overall, 83.66% of the population is [[Hindu]], 10.12% [[Muslim]], 4% [[Buddhist]] with Christians in Goa and Maharashtra making up the majority of the remainder. Marathi, with about 73 million speakers is the most widely spoken language, followed by [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] with about 46 million speakers and [[Konkani language|Konkani]] 2.5 million speakers, all of which are [[Indo-Aryan languages]].<ref name="2001_census_lang">{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement4.htm| title=2001 Census language data|access-date=11 March 2008}}</ref> As in other parts of India, a high level of [[multilingualism]] is seen with English and Hindi being spoken as additional languages in urban areas.<ref name="Tropf_India_lang_report">{{cite web| url = http://www.lilaproject.org/docs/India%20and%20its%20Languages%20v1.0.pdf|title = Indian and its languages|access-date = 11 March 2008}}</ref>
[[File:mahalasatemple.jpg|thumb|200px|left|alt=Mahalasa Temple|Mahalasa Temple in Goa]]
The average literacy rate of West India is around 76%, higher than the national average of 70.5%.<ref name="nfhs_key_facts">{{cite web|url=http://www.nfhsindia.org/pdf/IN.pdf |title=NFHS fact sheet |access-date=11 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911040900/http://www.nfhsindia.org/pdf/IN.pdf |archive-date=11 September 2008 }}</ref> The [[population density]] is around 290 per square km. The average [[fertility rate]] is about 2.2, while the average [[household size]] is about 4.7.<ref name="nfhs_key_facts"/>

==Culture==
[[File:Gsb.jpg|thumb|180px|right|[[Ganesh Chaturthi]], a popular festival in Mahrashtra, Gujarat and Konkan region.]]
The states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Goa are culturally varied and distinct.
[[File:Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Bhavnagar 01.jpg|thumb|Shri Swaminarayan Temple, [[Bhavnagar]]]]

[[Culture of Maharashtra|Maharashtrian culture]] derives from the ancient [[Hindu]] [[Vedic]] culture influenced deeply by the Maratha Empire. [[Marathi people|Maharashtrians]] take great pride in the [[Maratha Empire]], and many places in Maharashtra are named after the founder of the Empire, [[Shivaji]]. [[Marathi literature]] and [[Marathi cinema|cinema]] are popular in the state as well as across India. [[Bollywood]] has had a huge impact on the lifestyle and culture of this part of India as the industry is primarily located in Mumbai.

[[Gujarati culture]] is a blend of Indian culture and foreign influence. It has been influenced by the [[Parsis]], who migrated to Gujarat from [[Persia]] about a 1000 years ago. Gujarat also saw [[Turkic people|Turkic]] and [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] conquests, as well as a constant stream of back and forth migrations to and from Sindh and Rajasthan, which helped shape the unique cultural landscape of the state. Cultural Events like [[Great Rann of Kutch|Rann]] Utsav, [[International Kite Festival in Gujarat – Uttarayan|International Kite Festival]] and Global [[Garba (dance)|Garba]] festivals have been started in Gujarat to showcase its culture internationally.

Goa's culture is a unique blend of Indian and [[Portugal|Portuguese]] cultures, as a result of it formerly being part of [[Portuguese India]] for 450 years. The state is popular amongst tourists for its beaches, [[Goan cuisine]], [[Goan temple|temples]], [[church (building)|churches]] and [[Architecture of Goan Catholics|architecture]]. The [[Churches and Convents of Goa]] have been declared as a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]].

==Food items==
[[File:Pav bhaji from Mumbai.JPG|thumb|150px|left|'''Pav bhaji''' from Mumbai, Maharashtra]]
The cuisine of Western India is diverse. [[Surat]] City Of [[Gujarat]] is Worldwide Known For Food, [[Maharashtrian cuisine]] is diverse and ranges from bland to fiery hot. [[Pohay]], [[Shrikhand]], [[Pav bhaji|Pav Bhaji]], [[Vada pav|Vada Pav]] are good examples of [[Maharashtrian cuisine]]. [[Goan cuisine]] is dominated by the use of rice, coconut, seafood, [[Kokum]], cashew-nuts. With its distinct spices and medium of cooking as coconut oil, both vegetarian as well as non-vegetarian cuisine is equally popular.
[[Gujarati cuisine]] is almost exclusively vegetarian. Gujarat is one of three states in India, with prohibition on alcohol, along with [[Mizoram]] and [[Manipur]].<ref name="rahman_prohibition">{{cite web| url = http://www.eudnet.net/workshops/workshop10-2002/rahman.pdf| title = Alcohol Prohibition and Addictive Consumption in India| access-date=11 March 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070917040706/http://www.eudnet.net/workshops/workshop10-2002/rahman.pdf  |archive-date = 17 September 2007}}</ref> In contrast, Maharashtra has some of the best [[vineyard]]s in [[India]], with [[Nashik]] and [[Sangli]] districts being the country's biggest grape-producing districts.<ref name="mitra_wineries_maharashtra">{{cite web| url = http://www.ccsindia.org/ccsindia/interns2003/chap21.pdf| title = Wine Industry in Maharashtra: An Analysis| access-date=11 March 2008}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:Mumbai 03-2016 27 skyline at Marine Drive.jpg|thumb|right|Mumbai, Maharashtra is the financial capital of the country]]

The region generates 24.00% of the national GDP of the country, with an annual growth rate of 14.5% as of 2006.<ref name="states_gsdp">{{cite web| url = http://mospi.nic.in/6_gsdp_cur_9394ser.htm| title = Statement : gross state domestic product at current prices| access-date=11 March 2008}}</ref> The states generate about 23% of the [[States of India by tax revenues|tax revenues]] of the country. More than 85% of the households have access to electricity with about 55% owning a television. [[Agriculture]] employs most people in the region, while [[service (economics)|services]] have largest share in the total GDP.

[[File:Bharthana Althan area.jpg|thumb|right|Surat, Gujarat is the Business capital of Gujarat]]

{|class="wikitable collapsible"
! colspan ="3"| Economic and demographic indicators<ref name=ecoindicators>[http://outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodname=20070716&fname=HThe+Stats&sid=1 Also A Head For Numbers]. Outlook India. 16 July 2007</ref>
|-
! style="width:50%;"| Parameter
! style="width:25%;"| West India
! style="width:25%;"| National
|-
|Per capita [[net domestic product|net state domestic product]] (SDP)
|{{INRConvert|122569}}
|{{INRConvert|73500}}
|-
|Percentage share in total
|24
|NA
|-
|Average annual growth of GDP
|13.66
|8.5
|-
|Percentage of population below poverty line
|8.66
|26.10
|-
|Percentage of urban population
|46.75
|31.16
|-
|Percentage of households with electricity
|93.6
|67.3
|-
|[[Literacy rate]]
|83.2
|74.04<ref name="ciastats">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/ India]. World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 20 March 2008</ref>
|}
{{clear}}

==See also==
* [[East India]]
* [[North India]]
* [[Northeast India]]
* [[South India]]

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Western India}}
{{reflist}}

{{Geography of India}}

{{coord|19.0000|N|74.1500|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Regions of India]]

Western India - Revision history