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Demographics

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{{more citations needed|date=April 2009}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = West Singhbhum district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]] of [[Jharkhand]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_map = West Singhbhum in Jharkhand (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of West Singhbhum district in Jharkhand
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Chaibasa
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Jharkhand|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kolhan division|Kolhan]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Chaibasa]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 7,224
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,502,338
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 59.54 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 1001
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]] (shared with Seraikela Kharsawan district)
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 5
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 1422 mm
| website = [http://chaibasa.nic.in/]
| official_name =
}}

'''West Singhbhum''' or '''Pashchimi Singhbhum''' is one of the 24 districts of [[Jharkhand]] state, India. It came into existence on 16 January 1990, when the old [[Singhbhum]] district was bifurcated. [[Chaibasa]] is the district headquarters.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=About District {{!}} District West SinghBhum, Government of Jharkhand {{!}} India|url=https://chaibasa.nic.in/about-district/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref>

The district is bounded on north by [[Khunti district]], on the east by [[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Saraikela Kharsawan]] district, on the southeast by [[Mayurbhanj district]] of Odisha, on the south by [[Kendujhar district]] of Odisha, and on the west by [[Simdega district]] and [[Sundergarh district]] of Odisha.

== History ==
Several [[Slag|Iron slags]], [[microlith]], [[Potsherds]] have been discovered from [[Singhbhum district]] which are from 1400 BCE according to Carbon dating age.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Upinder |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=9788131711200 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA220 |language=en}}</ref>

West Singhbhum is one of the oldest districts of Jharkhand. After the British conquest of [[Kolhan]] in 1837, a new district was consequently constituted to be known as Singhbhum with Chaibasa as its headquarters. Subsequently, three districts, namely [[East Singhbhum]], [[West Singhbhum]] and [[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Seraikela Kharsawan]] have been carved out of erstwhile Singhbhum district.<ref name=":0" />

West Singhbhum district came into existence when the old Singhbhum District bifurcated in 1990. With 9 community development blocks the Eastern part became East Singhbhum district with Jamshedpur as its headquarters and with remaining 23 blocks the larger Western part became West Singhbhum district with Chaibasa as its headquarters. In 2001 West Singhbhum again divided into two parts. With 8 blocks Saraikela-Kharsawan district came into existence. At present West Singhbhum remains with 15 blocks and two administrative sub-divisions.<ref name=":0" />

There are several accounts relating to the origin of the name of the district:
*According to one the name Singhbhum, or the land of "[[Singh]]s" has been derived from the patronymic of the Singh [[Raja]]s of [[Porahat]], the junior branch of whom went on to found the ruling "Singh Deo" family of [[Saraikela State]].{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}
*A second account suggests that the name is a corrupt form of the [[Adivasi#Sarna|Singh Bonga]] the principal deity of the district's tribal population.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}
*

It is currently a part of the [[Red Corridor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |title=83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme |publisher=IntelliBriefs |date= 2009-12-11 |access-date=2011-09-17}}</ref>

== Geography ==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2017}}
West Singhbhum district forms the Southern part of the newly created Jharkhand state and is the largest district in the state. The district spreads from 21.97°N to 23.60°N and from 85.00°E to 86.90°E. The district is situated at an average height of 244 metres above sea level and covers an area of 7629.679  km².

The district is covered with hills alternating with valleys, steep mountains, and deep forests on the mountain slopes. It contains some of the best [[Sal tree]] forests and the famous [[Saranda forest]]. There are plenty of waterfalls and a large variety of wild life like [[elephant]]s, [[bison]], [[tiger]]s, [[leopard]]s, [[bear]], [[Dhole|wild dog]]s and [[wild boar]]s. [[Sambar Deer]] and [[spotted deer]] are also found but their numbers are decreasing in the forests adjoining inhabited areas.

===Rivers===
Following are some of the rivers flowing in the West Singhbhum District: [[North Koel River|Koel]], Karo-Koina, Kuju, [[Kharkai River|Kharkai]], Sanjai, Roro, [[Deo River|Deo]], and [[Baitarani River|Baitarini]].<ref>{{cite web|url =http://chaibasa.nic.in/intro.html
| title = West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand|work=River Systempublisher = District administration |access-date = 2010-04-20 }}</ref>

=== Mines and minerals ===
The greater part of West Singhbhum district is covered with deposits of [[Iron ore|iron-ore]] used for iron and steel industry. Other industrially important minerals including the following:

* Chromite
* Magnetite
* Manganese
* Kainite
* Limestone
* Iron Ore
* Asbestos
* Soap-stone

== Administration ==

=== Blocks/Mandals ===
West Singhbhum district consists of 18 Blocks. The following are the list of the Blocks in West Singhbhum district:

{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|style=width:850px;|
#[[Chaibasa]]
#[[Chakradharpur]]
#[[Khuntpani]]
#[[Jhinkpani]]
#[[Tonto, Jharkhand|Tonto]]
#[[Kumardungi]]
#[[Tantnagar]]
#[[Jagannathpur, Jharkhand|Jagannathpur]]
#[[Manjhari]]
#[[Manjhgaon]]
#[[Noamundi]]
#[[Bandgaon]]
#[[Manoharpur, Jharkhand|Manoharpur]]
#[[Goilkera]]
#[[Sonua]]
#[[Gudri]]
#[[Anandpur, West Singhbhum|Anandpur]]
#[[Hatgamharia]]
}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religion in West Singhbhum district
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Others|maroon|62.96}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|28.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|5.83}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|2.54}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|black|0.45}}
}}
[[File:Jharkhand people.jpg|thumb|A potter from Chaibasa]]
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] West Singhbhum district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,502,338,<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Gabon]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gabon 1,576,665
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =Hawaii 1,360,301
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 335th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name="districtcensus" /> The district has a population density of {{convert| 209 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name="districtcensus" /> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.69%.<ref name="districtcensus" /> Pashchimi Singhbhum has a [[sex ratio]] of 1004 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name="districtcensus" /> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 59.54%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 3.8% and 67.3% of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus" />

According to the 2011 census, 28.22% of the population was made up of [[Hinduism|Hindus]], 5.83% [[Christianity|Christians]] and 2.54% [[Islam|Muslims]]. Other religions (mainly [[Sarna sthal|Sarna]]) made up 62.96% of the population.<ref name="districtcensus" />

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of West Singhbhum district (2011)
|label1 = [[Ho language|Ho]] |value1 = 54.37 |color1 = deepskyblue
|label2 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value2 = 18.74 |color2 = darkgoldenrod
|label3 = [[Mundari language|Mundari]] |value3 = 9.16 |color3 = teal
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 4.64 |color4 = orange
|label5 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value5 = 3.95 |color5 = mediumblue
|label6 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value6 = 2.53 |color6 = tomato
|label7 = [[Urdu]] |value7 = 1.96 |color7 = green
|label8 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value8 = 1.80 |color8 = gold
|label9 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value9 = 1.15 |color9 = orchid
|label10 = Others |value10 =1.7 |color10 = grey
}}
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 54.37% of the population in the district spoke [[Ho language|Ho]], 18.74% [[Odia language|Odia]], 9.16% [[Mundari language|Mundari]], 4.64% [[Hindi]], 3.35% [[Santali language|Santali]], 2.53% [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 1.96% [[Urdu]], 1.80% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 1.15% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

The majority of the population of West Singhbhum consists of [[Ho people|Ho]] tribals.{{historical populations|11=1901|12=3,56,991|13=1911|14=3,98,590|15=1921|16=4,21,587|17=1931|18=5,15,137|19=1941|20=6,14,298|21=1951|22=6,67,390|23=1961|24=7,65,128|25=1971|26=8,79,564|27=1981|28=9,22,491|29=1991|30=10,80,780|31=2001|32=12,33,945|33=2011|34=15,02,338|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

==Flora and fauna==
West Singhbhum district is full of dense forests and hills and harbors a variety of [[flora (plants)|flora]] and [[fauna (animals)|fauna]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://chaibasa.nic.in/ West Singhbhum District Administration website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = West Singhbhum district
|North = [[Khunti district]]
|Northeast = [[Seraikela Kharsawan district]]
|East =
|Southeast = [[Mayurbhanj district]], [[Odisha]]
|South = [[Kendujhar district]], [[Odisha]]
|Southwest = [[Sundargarh district]], [[Odisha]]
|West = [[Simdega district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Jharkhand}}
{{Kolhan Division}}
{{Kolhan Division topics}}
{{Mahanadi Basin}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|22.5667|N|85.8167|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:West Singhbhum district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Bihar]]

West Singhbhum district - Revision history

imported>Sanjoydey33: /* Demographics */