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{{Short description|Wildlife santcuary in India}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary
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| photo_caption = A [[Bengal tiger]] in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary
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| map = India Kerala
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| location = [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| nearest_town = [[Sultan Battery]], [[Mananthavady]]
| coordinates = {{coords|11.646|76.364|notes=<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.protectedplanet.net/sites/Wayanad_Sanctuary |title= Wayanad Sanctuary |work=protectedplanet.net}}</ref>|display=inline, title}}
| area_km2 = 344
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| established = 1973
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'''Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[wildlife sanctuary]] in [[Wayanad]], [[Kerala]], [[India]] with an extent of {{cvt|344.44|km2}} and four hill ranges namely Sulthan Bathery, Muthanga, Kurichiat and Tholpetty. A variety of large wild animals such as [[gaur]], [[Asian elephant]], [[deer]] and [[tiger]] are found there. There are also quite a few unusual birds in the sanctuary. In particular, [[Indian peafowl]] tend to be very common in the area. Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary is the second largest wildlife sanctuary in Kerala. It is bestowed with lush green forests and rich wildlife. This wildlife area houses some of the rare and [[endangered species]] of both flora and fauna.

Established in 1973, the sanctuary is now an integral part of the [[Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve]]. It is bounded by protected area network of [[Nagarhole National Park]] and [[Bandipur National Park]] in [[Karnataka]] in the northeast, and on the southeast by [[Mudumalai National Park]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].

It is part of the [[Deccan Plateau]] and the vegetation is predominantly of the south Indian moist deciduous teak forests. Also, the sanctuary has pastures of the west-coast semi-evergreen trees. The wildlife sanctuary comes under Protect Elephant and one can spot herd of elephants roaming in the area. Elephant rides are arranged by the [[Kerala Forest Department]].

Wayanad district has the largest population of [[Adivasi]] in Kerala. Scheduled tribes here include [[Paniya people|Paniyas]], [[Kuruba]]s, [[Adiyan]]s, [[Kurichiya]]s, Ooralis and Kattunaikkans. Comprising an area of 2126 km2, Wayanad has a powerful history. Relicts and edicts found in various parts of Wayanad speak of an important prehistoric era. Historians are of the view that organised human life existed in these parts, at least ten centuries before Christ.

The sanctuary is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The [[Western Ghats]], Nilgiri Sub-Cluster (6,000+ km2), including all of the sanctuary, is under consideration by the [[World Heritage Committee]] for selection as a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref name="UNESCO">[[UNESCO]], [[World Heritage Sites]], Tentative lists, Western Ghats sub cluster, Niligiris. retrieved 20 April 2007 [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2103/ World Heritage sites, Tentative lists]</ref>

A monitoring programme of the Forest Department for 2017-18 has found that the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (WWS), holds the largest tiger population in the State. Of the total 176 tigers in the State, 75 were identified from the WWS, which is part of a large forest complex holding the single largest population of tigers in India.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/wayanad-wildlife-sanctuary-is-tiger-kingdom-of-the-state/article27130761.ece| title = Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary is tiger kingdom of the State |work= The Hindu}}</ref>

[[File:Wayanad Wild Life Sanctuary.JPG|thumb|Welcome to Muthanga]]

==History==
[[File:Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Map of Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, showing Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in relation to multiple contiguous protected areas]]
Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary was formed in 1973 and was brought under the Project Elephant in 1991–92. This sanctuary occupies an area of 345 km2. It is the second largest one in the state of [[Kerala]]. The sanctuary is separated into two disconnected parts known as the North Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary and South Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary. The area in between the two parts was originally a forest region, though it is now occupied majorly by plantations.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

In 2012, a tiger was shot dead by the Kerala Forest Department on a coffee plantation on the fringes of the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary. Many local political leaders applauded the killing of the tiger. Chief Wildlife Warden of Kerala ordered the hunt for the animal after mass protests erupted as the tiger had been carrying away domestic animals.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Manoj |first=E. M. |date=2012-12-03 |title=Tiger gone, but tension simmers |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/tiger-gone-but-tension-simmers/article4159442.ece |access-date=2022-03-24 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
[[File:Indian Peacock in Tholpetty Wildlife Sanctuary 02.JPG|thumb|[[Indian peafowl]] in Tholpetty area]]
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2021}}
'''Flora:''' Moist deciduous forest consists of maruthi, karimaruthi, rosewood, venteak, vengal, chadachi, mazhukanjiram, bamboos, more, while the semi-evergreen patches comprise veteria indica, lagerstroemia lanceolata, terminalia paniculata.

'''Fauna:''' Elephants, tigers, leopards, jungle cats, civet cats, monkeys, dhole, gaur, deer, sloth bear, monitor lizards and a variety of snakes are seen.

'''Birds:''' Peacocks, babblers, cuckoos, owls, woodpeckers, jungle fowls are a few of the various types of birds seen here.

==Climate==
[[File:Wayanad Tree House.jpg|right|thumb|[[Tree house|Treehouse]] at the [[Kattikkulam, Wayanad|Kattikulam]] area.]]
Wayanad climate is salubrious. Average rain fall in this district is 2322 m.m. Annual rain fall in these high rain fall areas ranges from 3,000 to 4,000 mm. High velocity winds are common during the south west monsoon and dry winds blow in March–April. High altitude regions experience severe cold. This place experiences a high relative humidity which goes even up to 95 per cent during the south west monsoon period. Generally, the year is classified into four seasons, namely, cold weather, hot weather, south west monsoon and north east monsoon. The dale, 'Lakkidi', nestled among the hills of Vythiri taluk has the highest average rainfall in Kerala.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

== Threatened status of vultures ==
Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary harbours different species of vultures like the [[white-rumped vulture]] and the [[red-headed vulture]]. The collective population of these vultures numbered around 150 in February 2016, and 17 vulture nests were counted. In March 2016, only about 11 vulture nests were seen. The banned drug [[Diclofenac]] is believed to be the reason for this fall in the vulture count.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vulture-nests-in-wws-decline/article8333889.ece|title=Vulture nests in WWS decline |date=2016 |newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN |access-date=2016-06-14}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary}}
*[http://www.wayanadsanctuary.org/ Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary]

{{Protected areas of Kerala}}
{{Tourism in Kerala|state=collapsed}}
{{Wayanad}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala]]
[[Category:Geography of Wayanad district]]
[[Category:1973 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1973]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Wayanad district]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Kerala]]
[[Category:Elephant reserves of India]]

Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article