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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Waswo X. Waswo
| image = File:Waswo X Waswo.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name = Richard John Waswo
| birth_date = {{birth date|1953|11|13}}
| birth_place = [[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = photography, writer
| training =
| movement =
| works =
| patrons =
| awards =
}}

'''Waswo X. Waswo''' (November 13, 1953), is a photographer and writer most commonly associated with his chemical process sepia-toned photographs of [[India]], and also hand-colored portraits made at his studio in Udaipur, Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://regardingindia.com/portfolio/waswo-x-waswo/|title=Waswo X Waswo - regardingindia.com|work=regardingindia.com|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>http://www.waswoxwaswo.net</ref> Waswo’s first major book, ''India Poems: The Photographs'',<ref>Waswo X. Waswo, ''India Poems: The Photographs,'' The Gallerie Publishers edition of "India Poems: The Photographs is: {{ISBN|81-901999-2-7}}</ref> was in part a challenge to politically correct notions of the western artist's role in responding to Asia, and his work has been critiqued<ref>David De Souza, "[http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1060554 Elegy in Sepia]", DNA Salon, October 27, 2006.</ref> in the light of cultural theories that stem from [[Edward Said]] and his book ''[[Orientalism (book)|Orientalism]].''

==Biography==

Waswo was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A. He studied at the University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, and later at Studio Marangoni,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.studiomarangoni.it/|title=Fondazione Studio Marangoni - Scuola di fotografia in Firenze|work=studiomarangoni.it|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref> the Centre for Contemporary Photography in Florence, Italy. After extensive worldwide travels he settled in India in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/waswo-x-waswo/biography|title=Waswo X Waswo|work=artnet.com|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>http://www.artistbank.com/artistbiography.aspx?id=394</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.artsy.net/artist/waswo-x-waswo|title=Waswo X Waswo|work=artsy.net|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saatchiart.com/firenze99|title=Waswo X. Waswo|work=Saatchi Art|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref>

==India Poems==

[[File:India poems.jpg|thumb|left|India poems]] Waswo's photographs of Indian landscapes and people were showcased in the traveling exhibition titled 'India Poems' organised with the support of Alliance Française, Kashi Art Gallery, and Cymroza Art Gallery. The exhibition traveled to Cochin, Bangalore, Bombay, Udaipur and Goa, and also was exhibited in Colombo and Kandy in Sri Lanka. "India Poems" culminated in a show at [[Patrick and Beatrice Haggerty Museum of Art|The Haggerty Museum of Art]] in Waswo's hometown of Milwaukee.<ref>[http://www.marquette.edu/haggerty/exhibitions/waswo.html Article] from the webpage of the Haggerty Museum of Art.</ref> Waswo's ''India Poems'' exhibitions and book were widely written about in India.<ref>Sudeep Sen, ''Atlas'', "India Poems: The Photographs, Editor's Choice", Sudeep Sen, June 2007</ref> An article by Curtis Carter eventually appeared in ''The International Yearbook of Aesthetics'' titled "Invented Worlds: India Through the Camera Lens of Waswo X. Waswo".<ref>Curtis Carter, "Invented Worlds: India through the Camera Lens of Waswo X. Waswo", The International Yearbook of Aesthetics 11 (2007), Editor Gao Jianping, Institute of Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing [http://wayneyang.wordpress.com/?s=curtis+carter]</ref>

==Studio in Rajasthan==

Since ''India Poems'' Waswo has created a series of studio portraits at his home in [[Udaipur]], Rajasthan, following the tradition of Indian studio portraitists such as those done by [[Lala Deen Dayal]]. Waswo has collaborated with [[Rajesh Soni]], a local craftsman who hand-paints Waswo's digital prints. Some of these portraits have been published as the book ''Men of Rajasthan'' by Serindia Contemporary in Chicago.<ref>''Men of Rajasthan'', Serindia Contemporary, Chicago, 2011</ref> Waswo also has collaborated with the miniaturist painter [[Rakesh Vijay]] to create an autobiographical picture-story of his life in India and the accompanying emotions of both alienation and the sense of western privilege. Waswo’s collaborations with Rajsh Soni and R. Vijay are collectively titled "A Studio in Rajasthan" and have been written about by London-based art critic [[Edward Lucie-Smith]].<ref name="multi">Edward Lucie-Smith and Dr. Alka Pande (catalogue essays), A Studio in Rajasthan, Palette Art Gallery, New Delhi, 2008</ref> [[File:April Harvest.jpg|thumb|April Harvest]]

From 2007 Waswo has concentrated almost exclusively on the Studio in Rajasthan series of hand-coloured portraits. This has resulted in several exhibitions in India and abroad, most notably "Tinted by Tradition", a retrospective of this work held at the Bhagwat Prakash Photo Gallery at Udaipur's City Palace Museum. Tinted by Tradition also traced the continuum of hand-painted photographs in the Mewar court, including examples of hand-painted photographs by Rajesh Soni's grandfather Prabhu Lal Verma (Soni). Waswo has continued collaborating in the making of symbolic and autobiographical miniatures with the painter R. Vijay. Waswo sees these miniatures as distinct but parallel body of work.<ref>Annapurna Garimella, The Artful Life of R. Vijay, Serindia Contemporary, 2015</ref>

The three collaborators, Waswo, Soni, and Vijay, mounted an exhibition titled "Confessions of an Evil Orientalist" in December 2011 at Gallery Espace in New Delhi. Incorporating more experimental media such as installation, a video, and even a comic book, the exhibition extended their normal repertoire of hand-coloured photographs and miniatures. ''Confessions of an Evil Orientalist'' revolved around a list of 101 confessions, written by Waswo in both a sincere and tongue-in-cheek manner, which alluded once again to issues of hegemony, Orientalism, and cultural acceptance. These confessions found expression within three text-based works of art in the exhibition, each viewing the words of the constructed "Evil Orientalist" from a different perspective. It has been suggested that these works moved from a post-colonial discourse to a post-post-colonial discourse.<ref>Kavita Singh, "A Song of Love and Longing", catalogue essay, Confessions of an Evil Orientalist, Gallery Espace, New Delhi, 2011</ref><ref>Amjad Majid, "The Role of Roles in Waswo X. Waswo's ''Confessions of an Evil Orientalist''", ArtSlant,</ref>

==Acclaims and criticisms==
Waswo's sepia work has been compared<ref>"Invented Worlds: India through the Camera Lens of Waswo X. Waswo"
by Dr. Curtis Carter, The International Yearbook of Aesthetics, Vol 11, 2007: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47379525_Invented_Worlds_India_Through_the_Camera_Lens</ref> to early 20th-century photographers such as [[Edward Curtis]], but his inclusion of [[self-portraiture]] draws analogies to postmodernists such as [[Cindy Sherman]], who works in series, typically photographing herself in a range of costumes.

Waswo's work has encouraged debate on the ethical questions of photography, especially the question of a westerner's role in photographing a foreign land. Bangalore-based artist [[Pushpamala N.]] in an article titled "Photographing the Natives" criticizes that Waswo follows the long tradition of hegemonic and largely negative western depictions of the East. She quotes, "The "truths" that Waswo seeks to reveal are not so personal or hidden. In fact they belong to a long history of representing the subcontinent that go back a hundred and fifty years. If one history of seeing India was to see it as an underdeveloped, decadent and inferior subject civilization, another was to posit the inherent "spiritualism" of the East against the crass materialism of the West. In constructing his archetypal "Other", Waswo is unable to escape from an inherited way of seeing the Indian landscape and its people".<ref>Photographing the Natives, Page 167 - 169, India Poems, A Rooftop Vistas Publication</ref>

Indian writer and cultural theorist [[Ranjit Hoskote]] defends Waswo against Pushpamala's criticism. He claims that artists like Waswo, when they step into the Indian situation - choosing to live and work in India and taking Indian subjects as the focus of their work - are either idolised or stigmatised: there is no middle ground of response for them to occupy. He further argues that, "Ideologically, Waswo's art is often obliged to justify itself to those who view it as no more than a contemporary projection of classical Orientalism; formally, it is not infrequently forced to explain its affinities with the lineage of pictorialism. To viewers habituated to the fast-forward of artistic strategies that deploy the newest media, also, Waswo may have to defend his retrieval of a 19th-century approach in the 21st century, while declining to be giddily playful or coolly subversive in the postmodernist fashion approved by the practitioners of retro chic. But Waswo's photographic images ought to be viewed in a spirit that can transcend such entrenched, guilt-based binaries of affront and critique, offence and defensiveness. These images are subtle, classical, mannered in the best sense. At the same time, they are unquestionably the testimony of a gaze that is empathetic, for Waswo's observations are made from the viewpoint of a transitive, relational self that releases itself to its subjects, rather than suffocating them in a colonialist authorial embrace.<ref>The Paths of Travelling Desire: Waswo X. Waswo's India Poems, Pages 6-10, India Poems, A Rooftop Vistas Publication</ref>"

==Art Collector==
In India Waswo is also known as a collector of fine art prints.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Between-Lines-Selections-Collection-Printmaking/dp/1932476644|title=Between the Lines: Identity, Place, and Power - Selections from the Waswo X. Waswo Collection of Indian Printmaking: Lina Vincent Sunish, Waswo X. Waswo: 9781932476644: Amazon.com: Books|work=amazon.com|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mattersofart.net/leadstroy-details.aspx?mpgid=2&pgid=2&lid=7|title=Lead Stories|work=mattersofart.net|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/818275/artist-waswo-x-waswo-to-show-selections-from-his-collection-of|title=Artist Waswo X. Waswo to Show Selections from His Collection of Indian Printmakers|author=Rosalyn D'Mello|work=Artinfo|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mohileparikhcenter.org/site/?q=node/633|title=MAKERS OF MULTIPLES - RELOOKING AT PRINTMAKING IN INDIA - MOHILE PARIKH CENTER|work=mohileparikhcenter.org|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://welcometomydorkside.wordpress.com/tag/waswo-x-waswo/|title=Waswo X. Waswo - The Dork Side|work=wordpress.com|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref> He regularly blogs his "Collection of Indian Printmaking", which contains historical and contemporary examples of Indian etchings, lithographs, woodcuts and screen prints. In the fall of 2011 Waswo was Guest Editor of a trilogy on Indian printmaking put out by the Calcutta-based art magazine ''Art Etc. news&views''.<ref>Vikram Bacchawat, Art Etc. news&views, August, 2011</ref>

Waswo is one of the contributing photographers<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ekalokamtrustforphotography.wordpress.com/2015/10/16/project-365-tiruvannamalai-4/|title=Project 365 Tiruvannamalai|work=Ekalokam Trust for Photography|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://artanddeal.in/cms/?p=3953|title=Art & Deal Magazine » ESSAY|work=artanddeal.in|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref> in Ekalokam Trust for Photography's<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etpindia.org|title=EtP India - Ekalokam Trust for Photography, Tiruvannamalai|work=etpindia.org|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref>[[Project 365]] [[Tiruvannamalai]], a public photo-art project that collectively creates and preserves photographic visuals of the fast vanishing landscape, customs, culture of Dravidian society in [[South India]].

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.saffronart.com/artists/w-waswo Waswo X. Waswo Profile,Interview and Artworks]
*Waswo X. Waswo, [http://www.waswoxwaswo.com www.waswoxwaswo.com]
*Waswo X. Waswo, [http://www.waswoxwaswo.blogspot.com/ blog]
*Waswo X. Waswo, [https://www.youtube.com/profile?user=waswoxwaswo&view=videos/sales.html Youtube]
*Waswo X. Waswo, [https://www.flickr.com/photos/10968869@N08/ Flickr]
*Gallery Espace, [http://galleryespace.com/artists.php?artist=301 Waswo X. Waswo]
*Waswo X. Waswo on [[CNN-IBN]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090208163401/http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/84367/despite-recession-few-artists-see-brighter-shades.html broadcast about the Delhi show]. Aired nationally in India.
*Waswo X. Waswo on [[Washington Post]], [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/23/AR2009032302834.html India's Art Appreciation Grows with Investment]
*[http://www.serindia.com/item.cfm/609 Serindia Publications]
*[http://www.serindiagallery.com/ Serindia Gallery]
*[http://theopenhaus.com/int/2011/waswo-x-waswo Interview with Waswo on Open Haus]
*review on ArtSlant: [http://www.artslant.com/ind/articles/show/29008 "Confessions of an Evil Orientalist"]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Waswo, Richard John}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American photographers]]
[[Category:Photography in India]]
[[Category:Artists from Milwaukee]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee alumni]]

Waswo X. Waswo - Revision history

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