Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-11-20T02:46:29Z

robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:16, 20 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2020}}
	{{Use Australian English\|date=July ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Australian English\|date=July 2011}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\|name= Sir Walter Joseph Cawthorn		\|name= Sir Walter Joseph Cawthorn
Line 38:		Line 38:
	He transferred to the Indian Army as a lieutenant on 25 March 1918.<ref>January 1919 Indian Army List</ref> He served with the [[46th Punjabis]] in Palestine from September to October 1918 and was [[Mentioned in Despatches]] in the London Gazette 12 January 1920. He joined the 4th Battalion, [[16th Punjab Regiment]] on 25 September 1925 and attended the [[Staff College, Camberley\|Camberley Staff College]] in 1929–30.<ref>July 1929 Indian Army list</ref>		He transferred to the Indian Army as a lieutenant on 25 March 1918.<ref>January 1919 Indian Army List</ref> He served with the [[46th Punjabis]] in Palestine from September to October 1918 and was [[Mentioned in Despatches]] in the London Gazette 12 January 1920. He joined the 4th Battalion, [[16th Punjab Regiment]] on 25 September 1925 and attended the [[Staff College, Camberley\|Camberley Staff College]] in 1929–30.<ref>July 1929 Indian Army list</ref>

	Cawthorn married Mary Wyman Varley in 1927 in London and they had one son, Michael John Douglas Cawthorn, who was born 10 March 1930.<ref name=adb/> His son Michael would later attend the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], and was commissioned into the [[Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders]] on 16 December 1949. However, he was killed serving in [[Korean War\|Korea]] on 4 April 1951 with the 1st Battalion.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/people/rolls/R1430298/\|title=Michael John Douglas Cawthorn\|work=Commemorative Roll\|publisher=Australian War Memorial\|access-date=9 January ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref>February 1950 Half Yearly Army List</ref> Cawthorn was appointed a company commander in the 4th Battalion, [[16th Punjab Regiment]] on 1 May 1930 and served on the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)\|North West Frontier]] that year.<ref name="ReferenceA">1941 War Services Supplement to Indian Army List</ref>		Cawthorn married Mary Wyman Varley in 1927 in London and they had one son, Michael John Douglas Cawthorn, who was born 10 March 1930.<ref name=adb/> His son Michael would later attend the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], and was commissioned into the [[Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders]] on 16 December 1949. However, he was killed serving in [[Korean War\|Korea]] on 4 April 1951 with the 1st Battalion.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/people/rolls/R1430298/\|title=Michael John Douglas Cawthorn\|work=Commemorative Roll\|publisher=Australian War Memorial\|access-date=9 January 2016}}</ref><ref>February 1950 Half Yearly Army List</ref> Cawthorn was appointed a company commander in the 4th Battalion, [[16th Punjab Regiment]] on 1 May 1930 and served on the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)\|North West Frontier]] that year.<ref name="ReferenceA">1941 War Services Supplement to Indian Army List</ref>

	Cawthorn served on the Staff of Baluchistan District as a General Staff Officer 3rd grade (GSO 3) from 15 December 1930 to 29 February 1932.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He was appointed Deputy Assistant Quarter Master General (DAQMG) on the Staff of Western Command at [[Quetta]] 1 March 1932 to 20 January 1935.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He served on the [[Mohmand campaign of 1935\|Mohmand operations]] on the North West Frontier in 1935.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He was appointed a General Staff Officer 2nd grade (GSO 2) at the War Office in London from 6 January 1937 to 2 August 1939. On 3 August 1939 he was appointed a local colonel and temporary General Staff Officer 1st grade (GSO 1).<ref>October 1939 Indian Army List</ref>		Cawthorn served on the Staff of Baluchistan District as a General Staff Officer 3rd grade (GSO 3) from 15 December 1930 to 29 February 1932.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He was appointed Deputy Assistant Quarter Master General (DAQMG) on the Staff of Western Command at [[Quetta]] 1 March 1932 to 20 January 1935.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He served on the [[Mohmand campaign of 1935\|Mohmand operations]] on the North West Frontier in 1935.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He was appointed a General Staff Officer 2nd grade (GSO 2) at the War Office in London from 6 January 1937 to 2 August 1939. On 3 August 1939 he was appointed a local colonel and temporary General Staff Officer 1st grade (GSO 1).<ref>October 1939 Indian Army List</ref>

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-11-20T02:46:29Z

robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Sir Walter Joseph Cawthorn
|image=
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption=
|birth_date= {{birth date|1896|06|11|df=yes}}
|death_date= {{Death date and age|1970|12|04|1896|06|11|df=yes}}
|birth_place= [[Prahran, Victoria]]
|death_place= [[Melbourne]], Victoria
|placeofburial=
|nickname= Bill
|allegiance= Australia (1915–18) United Kingdom (1918–51)
|branch= [[Australian Army]] [[British Indian Army]] [[Pakistan Army]]
|serviceyears= 1915–51
|rank= [[Major general (United Kingdom)|Major General]]
|unit=
|commands=
|battles= [[First World War]]
* [[Gallipoli Campaign]]
* [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]
[[Military history of the North-West Frontier|North-West Frontier]] [[Second World War]]
* [[South-East Asian theatre of World War II|South-East Asian theatre]]
|awards= [[Knight Bachelor]] [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}
[[Major general (United Kingdom)|Major General]] '''Sir Walter Joseph Cawthorn''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CB|CIE|CBE}} (11 June 1896 – 4 December 1970) was an Australian soldier and [[diplomat]], commonly known as a former head of the [[Australian Secret Intelligence Service]] (ASIS).<ref name=adb>{{cite book|last=Hohnen|first=Peter|year=1993|title=Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher=Melbourne University Press|volume=13|url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/|chapter= Cawthorn, Sir Walter Joseph (1896–1970)| chapter-url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A130435b.htm|isbn=0522845126}}</ref><ref name=BMTS>{{cite book|last=Goodgame|first=Peter|date=11 August 2002|title=The Globalists and the Islamists: Fomenting the "Clash of Civilizations" for a New World Order|chapter= The British, the Middle East and Radical Islam| chapter-url=http://www.redmoonrising.com/Ikhwan/BritIslam.htm|publisher=Omnia Veritas|isbn=9781910220122}}</ref>

==Early life==
Walter Joseph Cawthorn was born in the suburb of [[Prahran, Victoria|Prahran]], on 11 June 1896, the second child of an English commercial traveller, William Cawthorn, and his wife, Fanny Adelaide, née Williams. He was educated at [[Melbourne High School (Victoria)|Melbourne High School]], and became a schoolteacher, along with his younger sister, [[Minnie Elizabeth Cawthorn]].<ref name=adb/>

==Military career==
Bill Cawthorn, as he was known to his friends, enlisted in the [[22nd Battalion (Australia)|22nd Battalion]], [[First Australian Imperial Force|Australian Imperial Force]] (AIF), following the start of the [[First World War]]. During the [[Gallipoli campaign]], he served as a [[regimental sergeant major]]. He was later commissioned into the AIF and served in France and Belgium.<ref name=adb/>

He transferred to the Indian Army as a lieutenant on 25 March 1918.<ref>January 1919 Indian Army List</ref> He served with the [[46th Punjabis]] in Palestine from September to October 1918 and was [[Mentioned in Despatches]] in the London Gazette 12 January 1920. He joined the 4th Battalion, [[16th Punjab Regiment]] on 25 September 1925 and attended the [[Staff College, Camberley|Camberley Staff College]] in 1929–30.<ref>July 1929 Indian Army list</ref>

Cawthorn married Mary Wyman Varley in 1927 in London and they had one son, Michael John Douglas Cawthorn, who was born 10 March 1930.<ref name=adb/> His son Michael would later attend the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], and was commissioned into the [[Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders]] on 16 December 1949. However, he was killed serving in [[Korean War|Korea]] on 4 April 1951 with the 1st Battalion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/people/rolls/R1430298/|title=Michael John Douglas Cawthorn|work=Commemorative Roll|publisher=Australian War Memorial|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref><ref>February 1950 Half Yearly Army List</ref> Cawthorn was appointed a company commander in the 4th Battalion, [[16th Punjab Regiment]] on 1 May 1930 and served on the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)|North West Frontier]] that year.<ref name="ReferenceA">1941 War Services Supplement to Indian Army List</ref>

Cawthorn served on the Staff of Baluchistan District as a General Staff Officer 3rd grade (GSO 3) from 15 December 1930 to 29 February 1932.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He was appointed Deputy Assistant Quarter Master General (DAQMG) on the Staff of Western Command at [[Quetta]] 1 March 1932 to 20 January 1935.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He served on the [[Mohmand campaign of 1935|Mohmand operations]] on the North West Frontier in 1935.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He was appointed a General Staff Officer 2nd grade (GSO 2) at the War Office in London from 6 January 1937 to 2 August 1939. On 3 August 1939 he was appointed a local colonel and temporary General Staff Officer 1st grade (GSO 1).<ref>October 1939 Indian Army List</ref>

With the rank of Brigadier, Cawthorn took charge of the Middle East Intelligence Centre, at the start of the [[Second World War]], and later on 15 August 1941, became the Director of Military Intelligence at the General Headquarters, in [[India]].<ref>October 1942 Indian Army List</ref>

Cawthorn worked well with [[Peter Fleming (writer)|Peter Fleming]] and the ultra secret double agent network at GSI(d), the network faced earlier in the war at Rangoon. Unlike [[Ormonde Hunter]], a previous chief he was entirely sympathetic to the agency's aims. Cawthorn had none of these suspicions about the counter-intelligence activity. He was brought to London in March 1943 to discuss double-agents with MI5, before leaving with Churchill's team for the Trident Conference (19-30 May 1943), where he was one of the four-man British negotiating team.<ref>Holt, The Deceivers, pp. 269–71</ref> Hunter joined them on 28 May to sketch an outline for [[Operation Saucy]], a plan for Japanese deception. The full plan was fleshed out at New Delhi with Fleming, which they dubbed [[Operation Ramshorn|Ramshorn]]. It was devised as a tactic to divert the Japanese Air Force away from MacArthur's main forces, but predictably [[John Bevan (British Army officer)|John Bevan]] back in London shot the plan down in flames. Cawthorne had been too ambitious; all that they could do was create 'an illusion of an amphibious landing'.<ref>Holt, p. 339</ref>
Cawthorn was appointed a temporary major general on 21 November 1943.<ref>April 1947 Army List</ref>

When the [[Partition of India]] occurred in 1947, Cawthorn opted for the [[Pakistan Army]] and from 1948 to 1951 he was Deputy Chief General Staff, Pakistan Army under Lieutenant General Ross C. McCay. Cawthorn left Pakistan in 1951.

==Intelligence career and later life==
From 1951 to 1954, Cawthorn was the Director of the Australian Joint Intelligence Bureau (JIB), within the Defence ministry. He came back to Pakistan in 1954 as Australia's High Commissioner to Pakistan. He was knighted in 1958, and in 1959 appointed as High Commissioner of Canada until September 1960, when he was brought back to head the [[Australian Secret Intelligence Service]] (ASIS) until 1968.<ref name=adb/><ref name=BMTS/>

Cawthorn died in [[Melbourne]] in 1970, at the age of 74.<ref name=adb/><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=athUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=t5ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=4291%2C1547209 Deaths: Cawthorn, ''The Age'', (Monday, 7 December 1970, p. 14.]</ref><ref>[[Richard Casey, Baron Casey|Casey, R.G.G.]], [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=athUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=t5ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=5343%2C1481337 "Major-General Cawthorn dies", ''The Age'', (Monday, 7 December 1970, p. 2]; [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110442363 Diplomat dies at 74, ''The Canberra Times'', (Monday, 7 December 1970, p. 3.]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://generals.dk/general/Cawthorn/Walter_Joseph/Great_Britain.html Generals of World War II]

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Leslie Beavis]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Australian High Commissioners to Pakistan|Australian High Commissioner to Pakistan]]|years=1954–1958}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Roden Cutler]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Walter Crocker]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of High Commissioners of Australia to Canada|Australian High Commissioner to Canada]]|years=1959–1960}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David Hay (diplomat)|David Hay]]}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=A.S. Storey}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Defence Intelligence Organisation#Joint Intelligence Bureau (JIB) 1947–1969|Director of the Joint Intelligence Bureau]]|years=1952–1954}}
{{s-aft|after=W. Harold King}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ralph Harry]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Director-General of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service]]|years=1960–1968}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Bill Robertson (Australian intelligence officer)|Bill Robertson]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cawthorn, Walter Joseph}}
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:Australian Army officers]]
[[Category:Australian Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Australian Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Australian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Mohmand Campaign]]
[[Category:Directors-General of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service]]
[[Category:High Commissioners of Australia to Canada]]
[[Category:High Commissioners of Australia to Pakistan]]
[[Category:Indian Army generals of World War II]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Melbourne]]
[[Category:Public servants from Melbourne]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley]]
[[Category:Pakistan Army officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:Punjab Regiment officers]]
[[Category:People from Prahran, Victoria]]
[[Category:People educated at Melbourne High School]]
[[Category:Australian people of English descent]]

Walter Cawthorn - Revision history

Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.