Wali Mohammed Wali - Revision history

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|Poetry}}~~
	*[[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]		*[[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]
	*[[Siraj Aurangabadi]]		*[[Siraj Aurangabadi]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:23, 27 April 2022
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	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| pseudonym = Wali Dakhani, Wali Aurangabadi, Wali Gujarati		\| pseudonym = Wali Dakhani, Wali Aurangabadi, Wali Gujarati
	\| birth_date = {{birth year\|1667 }}		\| birth_date = {{birth year\|1667}}
	\| birth_place = [[~~Aurangabad, Maharashtra\|~~Aurangabad]]		\| birth_place = [[Aurangabad]]
	\| death_date = {{dya\|1707\|1667}}		\| death_date = {{dya\|1707\|1667}}
	\| death_place = [[Ahmedabad~~, Gujarat~~]]		\| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]]
	\| occupation = Poet		\| occupation = Poet
	\| nationality =		\| nationality =
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	'''Wali Muhammad Wali''' (1667–1707), also known as '''Wali Dakhani''', '''Wali Gujarati''', and '''Wali Aurangabadi''', was a classical [[Urdu poets\|Urdu]] poet from India.		'''Wali Muhammad Wali''' (1667–1707), also known as '''Wali Dakhani''', '''Wali Gujarati''', and '''Wali Aurangabadi''', was a classical [[Urdu poets\|Urdu]] poet from India.

	He is considered by many scholars to be the father of Urdu poetry,<ref>{{cite book\|editor1-last=Fawaz\|editor1-first=Leila\|editor2-last=Bayly\|editor2-first=C. A\|last=Jalal\|first=Ayesha\|author-link=Ayesha Jalal\|title=Modernity and Culture : From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean\|chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/464705\|year=2002\|publisher=Columbia University Press\|page=233\|chapter=Chapter 11: Negotiating Colonial Modernity and Cultural Difference: Indian Muslim Conceptions of Community and Nation, 1878–1914\|isbn=978-0-231-50477-5\|via=[[De Gruyter]]}} {{closed access}}</ref> being the first established poet to have composed [[~~Ghazal~~]]s in [[Urdu language]]<ref name=a>{{Cite news\|title = Wali Gujarati's tomb may be rebuilt following HC directions \|url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/ahmedabad/31045461_1_hc-directives-urdu-shrine \|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130915163840/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/ahmedabad/31045461_1_hc-directives-urdu-shrine \|url-status = dead \|archive-date = 2013-09-15 \|accessdate = 18 August 2013 \|date= February 2012 \|newspaper = [[The Times of India]] \|location= Ahmedabad}}</ref> and compiled a [[Diwan (poetry)\|divan]] (a collection of ghazals where the entire alphabet is used at least once as the last letter to define the rhyme pattern).		He is considered by many scholars to be the father of Urdu poetry,<ref>{{cite book\|editor1-last=Fawaz\|editor1-first=Leila\|editor2-last=Bayly\|editor2-first=C. A\|last=Jalal\|first=Ayesha\|author-link=Ayesha Jalal\|title=Modernity and Culture : From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean\|chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/464705\|year=2002\|publisher=Columbia University Press\|page=233\|chapter=Chapter 11: Negotiating Colonial Modernity and Cultural Difference: Indian Muslim Conceptions of Community and Nation, 1878–1914\|isbn=978-0-231-50477-5\|via=[[De Gruyter]]}} {{closed access}}</ref> being the first established poet to have composed [[ghazal]]s in the [[Urdu language]]<ref name=a>{{Cite news\|title = Wali Gujarati's tomb may be rebuilt following HC directions \|url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/ahmedabad/31045461_1_hc-directives-urdu-shrine \|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130915163840/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/ahmedabad/31045461_1_hc-directives-urdu-shrine \|url-status = dead \|archive-date = 2013-09-15 \|accessdate = 18 August 2013 \|date= February 2012 \|newspaper = [[The Times of India]] \|location= Ahmedabad}}</ref> and compiled a [[Diwan (poetry)\|divan]] (a collection of ghazals where the entire alphabet is used at least once as the last letter to define the rhyme pattern).

	Before Wali, Indian Ghazals were composed in [[Persian language\|Persian]], almost being replicated in thought and style from the original Persian masters like [[Saadi (poet)\|Saa'di]], [[Jami]] and [[Khaqani]]. Wali began, using not only an Indian language, but Indian themes, idioms and imagery in his [[ghazals]]. It is said that his visit to Delhi in [[1700 in poetry\|1700]], along with his [[Divan poetry\|divan]] of Urdu ghazals created a ripple in the literary circles of the north, inspiring them to produce stalwarts like [[Zauq]], [[Mirza Rafi Sauda\|Sauda]] and [[Mir Taqi Mir\|Mir]].		Before Wali, Indian Ghazals were composed in [[Persian language\|Persian]], almost being replicated in thought and style from the original Persian masters like [[Saadi (poet)\|Saa'di]], [[Jami]] and [[Khaqani]]. Wali began, using not only an Indian language, but Indian themes, idioms and imagery in his [[ghazals]]. It is said that his visit to Delhi in [[1700 in poetry\|1700]], along with his [[Divan poetry\|divan]] of Urdu ghazals created a ripple in the literary circles of the north, inspiring them to produce stalwarts like [[Zauq]], [[Mirza Rafi Sauda\|Sauda]] and [[Mir Taqi Mir\|Mir]].
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	==Career==		==Career==
	Wali Mohammed Wali's visit to [[Delhi]] in 1700 is considered to be of great significance for Urdu Ghazals. His simple, sensuous and melodious poems in Urdu, awakened the Persian loving poets of Delhi to the beauty and capability of "[[Rekhta]]" (the old name for Urdu) as a medium of poetic expression. Wali Mohammed Wali's visit thus stimulated the growth and development of Urdu Ghazal in Delhi.		Wali Mohammed Wali's visit to [[Delhi]] in 1700 is considered to be of great significance for Urdu Ghazals. It was believed that he introduced ''[[deccani mushaira]]'' to Delhi. His simple, sensuous and melodious poems in Urdu, awakened the Persian loving poets of Delhi to the beauty and capability of "[[Rekhta]]" (the old name for Urdu) as a medium of poetic expression. Wali Mohammed Wali's visit thus stimulated the growth and development of Urdu Ghazal in Delhi.

	He died in [[Ahmedabad]] in 1707 in what is now [[Gujarat]] state, and was buried in the same city.<ref name=a/>		He died in [[Ahmedabad]] in 1707 in what is now [[Gujarat]] state, and was buried in the same city.<ref name=a/>

2601:647:4300:3080:D16A:F3EA:2441:2727: /* Early life */

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Early life

New page

{{Short description|Indian poet (1667–1707)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Wali Muhammad Wali
| image = Wali Mohammed Wali New.svg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| pseudonym = Wali Dakhani, Wali Aurangabadi, Wali Gujarati
| birth_date = {{birth year|1667 }}
| birth_place = [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
| death_date = {{dya|1707|1667}}
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad, Gujarat]]
| occupation = Poet
| nationality =
| period = Mughal period
| genre = [[Ghazal]], [[masnavi]], [[qasida]], [[mukhammas]]
| subject =
| movement =
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
| website =
}}
'''Wali Muhammad Wali''' (1667–1707), also known as '''Wali Dakhani''', '''Wali Gujarati''', and '''Wali Aurangabadi''', was a classical [[Urdu poets|Urdu]] poet from India.

He is considered by many scholars to be the father of Urdu poetry,<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Fawaz|editor1-first=Leila|editor2-last=Bayly|editor2-first=C. A|last=Jalal|first=Ayesha|author-link=Ayesha Jalal|title=Modernity and Culture : From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean|chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/464705|year=2002|publisher=Columbia University Press|page=233|chapter=Chapter 11: Negotiating Colonial Modernity and Cultural Difference: Indian Muslim Conceptions of Community and Nation, 1878–1914|isbn=978-0-231-50477-5|via=[[De Gruyter]]}} {{closed access}}</ref> being the first established poet to have composed [[Ghazal]]s in [[Urdu language]]<ref name=a>{{Cite news|title = Wali Gujarati's tomb may be rebuilt following HC directions |url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/ahmedabad/31045461_1_hc-directives-urdu-shrine |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130915163840/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/ahmedabad/31045461_1_hc-directives-urdu-shrine |url-status = dead |archive-date = 2013-09-15 |accessdate = 18 August 2013 |date= February 2012 |newspaper = [[The Times of India]] |location= Ahmedabad}}</ref> and compiled a [[Diwan (poetry)|divan]] (a collection of ghazals where the entire alphabet is used at least once as the last letter to define the rhyme pattern).

Before Wali, Indian Ghazals were composed in [[Persian language|Persian]], almost being replicated in thought and style from the original Persian masters like [[Saadi (poet)|Saa'di]], [[Jami]] and [[Khaqani]]. Wali began, using not only an Indian language, but Indian themes, idioms and imagery in his [[ghazals]]. It is said that his visit to Delhi in [[1700 in poetry|1700]], along with his [[Divan poetry|divan]] of Urdu ghazals created a ripple in the literary circles of the north, inspiring them to produce stalwarts like [[Zauq]], [[Mirza Rafi Sauda|Sauda]] and [[Mir Taqi Mir|Mir]].

==Early life==
Born in [[1667 in poetry|1667]] at [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], an important city in the present [[Maharashtra]] State which was part of The kingdom of Hyderabad. He loved travelling, which he regarded as a means of education. He visited [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]], [[Surat]], [[Burhanpur]] and also undertook [[Hajj|pilgrimage]] to [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]].

==Career==
Wali Mohammed Wali's visit to [[Delhi]] in 1700 is considered to be of great significance for Urdu Ghazals. His simple, sensuous and melodious poems in Urdu, awakened the Persian loving poets of Delhi to the beauty and capability of "[[Rekhta]]" (the old name for Urdu) as a medium of poetic expression. Wali Mohammed Wali's visit thus stimulated the growth and development of Urdu Ghazal in Delhi.

He died in [[Ahmedabad]] in 1707 in what is now [[Gujarat]] state, and was buried in the same city.<ref name=a/>

==Genre==
Although Wali tried his hand at a variety of verse forms including the [[masnavi]], [[qasida]], [[mukhammas]], and the [[Ruba'i|rubai]]., the [[ghazal]] is his speciality. He wrote 473 ghazals containing 3,225 couplets<ref>{{Cite book|title = Masterpieces of Urdu Ghazal from the 17th to the 20th Century|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fUKKvNDYyUEC|last = Kanda|first = K.C.|publisher = Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|year = 1992|isbn = 9788120711952|page = 18}}</ref> (Ashaar). His poems were simple, sensuous & melodious. He was a trend setter in classical poetry who helped establish Urdu ghazal in Delhi by inspiring different poets to write in Urdu It is believed that Wali started to have established the tradition of writing ghazals in Urdu and also influencing the other writers when he visited Delhi. Before that, the preferred language for ghazals was Persian.<ref name="a" />

Some of his famous couplets are:
*Jisay Ishq Ka Teer Kaari Lagay
*Use Zindagi Jag Mein Bhaari Lagay
*Naa Chode Mohabbat Daame Marg Tak
*Jisay Yaar Jaanisoon Yaari Lagay
*Naa Howe Use Jag Mein Hargiz Qaraar
*Jise Ishq Ki Beqaraari Lagay
*Har Ek Waqt Mujhe Aashiq Zaar Koon
*Pyaare Teri Baat pyaari Lagay
*"Wali" Koon Kahe Tu Agar Yak Bachan

Raqeebon Dil Mein Kataari Lagay<ref>{{Cite web|title = Wali Dakni {{!}} Shaa'iri|url = http://syaahi.com/category/wali-dakni/|website = syaahi.com|access-date = 2016-01-13}}</ref>

==Themes==
His favorite theme was love – both mystical and earthy – and his characteristic tone was one of cheerful affirmation and acceptance, rather than of melancholy grumbling. He was the first Urdu poet to have started the practice of expressing love from the man's point of view, as against the prevailing convention of impersonating as a woman.

If, on the one hand, Wali unraveled the beauty and richness of the native language as a poetic medium, on the other, he was alive to the vigor and verve of [[Persian language|Persian]] diction and imagery which he successfully incorporated into the body of his verse. He may thus be called the architect of the modern poetic language, which is a skillful blend of Aam Boli and Persian vocabulary. His diction was unique here is one of his famous ghazal.

{{blockquote|
Yaad karna har ghari us yaar ka

Hai wazifa mujh dil-e-bimaar ka.

Aarzoo-e-chasma-e-kausar nahin

Tishna-lab hun sharbat-e-didaar ka.

Aakbat kya howega maalum nahin

Dil hua hai mubtla dildaar ka.

Kya kahe tarif dil, hai be nazir,

Harf harf us makhzan-e-Israar ka.

Gar hua hai taalib-e-Aazadgi,

Band mat ho subba-o-zunnaar ka.

Masnad-e-gul manzil-e-shabanam hui,

Dekh rutba dida-e-bedaar ka.

Aye Wali hona srijan par nisaar,

Mudda hai chashm-e-gohar baar ka.}}

==Memorials==
His memorial tomb in [[Shahibaug, Ahmedabad]] was attacked by the Hindu mob during [[2002 Gujarat riots|riots in 2002]] and replaced with makeshift Hanuman temple. It was completely razed and the road was constructed overnight.<ref name=a/><ref name=b/><ref name="Mehta 2004">{{cite web | last=Mehta | first=Harit | title=Vali Gujarati's tomb is still levelled road | website=The Times of India | date=2 March 2004 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Vali-Gujaratis-tomb-is-still-levelled-road/articleshow/531127.cms | accessdate=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Varadarajan2002">{{cite book|author=Siddharth Varadarajan|title=Gujarat, the Making of a Tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kc9GmFWePUC&pg=PA111|year=2002|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-302901-4|page=111}}</ref> After protests from citizens and literary class of city, the Public Interest Litigation was filed in the Gujarat High Court.<ref name=a/>

In 2010, a widely acclaimed short film on Wali's life was made by a film-maker Gopal K. Annam.<ref name=b>{{cite news|title=Wali Gujarati rediscovered|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-18/ahmedabad/28216350_1_short-film-urdu-poet-sonal|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130930034403/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-18/ahmedabad/28216350_1_short-film-urdu-poet-sonal|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 September 2013|accessdate=30 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 December 2010}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Poetry}}
*[[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]
*[[Siraj Aurangabadi]]
*[[Azad Bilgrami]]
*[[Urdu]]
*[[Urdu poetry]]
*[[List of Urdu Poets]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.urdupoetry.com/wali.html Wali Mohammed Wali's Poetry]
*[http://www.urdupoetry.com/profile/wali.html Wali's Biography]
*[http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80 Wali Mohammed Wali at Kavita Kosh]
*[http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1910/19100180.htm Frontline Volume 19 – Issue 10, May 11–24, 2002]
* [https://sites.google.com/site/kavitahindikavita/wali-mohammed-wali-dakkani-ghazals Wali Mohammed Wali Ghazals]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wali, Wali Mohammed}}
[[Category:1667 births]]
[[Category:1707 deaths]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets from India]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from Mughal India]]
[[Category:People from Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Writers from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:People from Marathwada]]
[[Category:17th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Poets from Gujarat]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]