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	{{short description\|Confederacy of ancient India}}		{{short description\|Confederacy of ancient India}}
	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{Infobox country		{{Infobox country
	\| conventional_long_name = Vrishnis		\| conventional_long_name = Vrishnis

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	\| image_map = {{South Asia in 150 BCE\|center\|\|{{Annotation\|99\|66\|[[File:Long Rectangle (plain).png\|32px]]}}\|\|none}}		\| image_map = {{South Asia in 150 BCE\|center\|\|{{Annotation\|99\|66\|[[File:Long Rectangle (plain).png\|32px]]}}\|\|none}}
	\| map_caption = Location on the Vrishnis and contemporary South Asian polities circa 150 CE.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Schwartzberg \|first1=Joseph E. \|title=A Historical atlas of South Asia \|date=1978 \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|location=Chicago \|page=145, map XIV.1 (d) \|isbn=0226742210 \|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 \|archive-date=2021-02-24 \|access-date=2022-04-16 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224162023/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		\| map_caption = Location on the Vrishnis and contemporary South Asian polities circa 150 CE.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Schwartzberg \|first1=Joseph E. \|title=A Historical atlas of South Asia \|date=1978 \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|location=Chicago \|page=145, map XIV.1 (d) \|isbn=0226742210 \|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 \|archive-date=2021-02-24 \|access-date=2022-04-16 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224162023/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>
	\| image_map2 = File:Indian tribes ~~between the Indus and the Ganges~~.jpg		\| image_map2 = File:Indian tribes.jpg
	\| map_caption2 = Location of the Vrishni among other groups: the [[Audumbaras]], the [[Kuninda]]s, the [[Vemaka]]s, the [[Yaudheya]]s, the [[Paurava]]s and the [[Arjunayana]]s.		\| map_caption2 = Location of the Vrishni among other groups: the [[Audumbaras]], the [[Kuninda]]s, the [[Vemaka]]s, the [[Yaudheya]]s, the [[Paurava]]s and the [[Arjunayana]]s.
	\| capital = [[Hoshiarpur]]		\| capital = [[Hoshiarpur]]

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[[File:Indian tribes between the Indus and the Ganges.jpg|thumb|300px|Location of the Vrishni among other groups: the [[Audumbaras]], the [[Kuninda]]s, the [[Vemaka]]s, the [[Yaudheya]]s, the [[Paurava]]s and the [[Arjunayana]]s.]]
[[File:Vrishni coin.png|thumb|right|300px|Silver coin of a "King Vrishni" (of the [[Audumbaras]] according to Cunningham).<ref name="Cunn"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ph.D |first1=Lavanya Vemsani |title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names |date=2016 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-211-3 |page=296 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA296 |language=en}}</ref> '''Obv''' Pillar with half-lion and half-elephant, surmounted by a [[Triratna]] symbol and surrounded by [[Buddhist]] railing. Indian legend ''Vṛishṇi Raja jnâgaṇyasya blubharasya'' '''Rev''' Large [[Dharmachakra]] symbol. Arian legend ''Vrishni Raja jnâganyasya blubharasya''.<ref name="Cunn">Alexander Cunningham's ''Coins of Ancient India: From the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century'' (1891) p.70 [https://archive.org/stream/coinsancientind00cunngoog#page/n97/mode/2up]</ref>]]
The '''Vrishnis''' were an ancient [[Vedic]] [[India]]n clan who were believed to be the descendants of Vrishni, the ancestor of [[Yadu]]. It is believed that Vrishni was father of [[Yadava#The Satvatas|Satvata]], a ancestor of Yadu, the son of [[Yayati]]. He had two wives, Gandhari and Madri. He has a son named Devamidhusha by his wife Madri. Vasudeva, the father of [[Krishna]] was the grandson of Devamidhusha.<ref>Pargiter F.E. (1922, reprint 1972). ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition'', Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, pp.103-7</ref> According to the [[Puranas]], the Vrishnis were residents of [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]].

==Migration of Vrishnis to Dvaraka==
[[Jarasandha]], father-in-law of [[Kamsa]], invaded [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] with a vast army; and though Krishna destroyed his army of [[demon]]s, another [[asura]], [[Kalayavan]] by name, surrounded Mathura with another army of thirty million monstrous fiends. Then Krishna thought it well to depart to Dwaraka.<ref name="ReferenceA">[[Sister Nivedita]] & Ananda K.Coomaraswamy: Myths and Legends of the Hindus and Bhuddhists, Kolkata, 2001 {{ISBN|81-7505-197-3}}</ref>

==Vrishni Family Tree==

The following chart shows the family tree of Krishna.<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref name="Kashidasi Mahabharata">{{cite web|url=http://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8|title=Krishna's visit to Prabhasa along with his family, Mausala Parva, Mahabharata - Kashiram Das|access-date=2012-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212021420/http://bn.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8|archive-date=2013-12-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.srimadbhagavatam.org/images/familytree-ext1.jpg Family Trees, The descendants of Pururava.]</ref>
{{Tree chart/start |summary=Vrishni married to , with children Yudhajit}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| BAR | |FOO=Vrishni♂|BAR=consort♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | |,|-|'| | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| CAR |FOO=Yudhajit♂|CAR=consort♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | |,|-|'| | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| CAR |FOO=Anamitra♂|CAR=consort♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | |,|-|'| | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| CAR |FOO=Vrishni♂|CAR=consort♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | |,|-|'| | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| CAR |FOO=Chitraratha♂|CAR=consort♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | |,|-|'| | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| CAR |FOO=Viduratha♂|CAR=consort♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | | | |!| | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | | | FOO | |FOO=4 generations}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | |,|-|'| | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| CAR |FOO=Hridika♂|CAR=consort♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | |,|-|'| | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| CAR |FOO=Devamidha♂|CAR=Mandisha♀#

Vaishyvarna♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | |,|-|'| | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | FOO |y| CAR |FOO=[[King Shoorsen|Surasena]]♂|CAR=Bhojrajkumari♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | | | |`|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | CAT |y| VAS |~|~|~|~|y| ROH | | BAR | | CAR | | MAT | |VAS=[[Vasudeva]]♂|BAR=[[Kunti]]♀|CAR=9 other sons♂|MAT=4 other daughters♀|CAT=[[Devaki]]♀#|ROH=Rohini♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| | KRS | | MAT | | BAL | | SUB | |KRS=[[Krishna]]♂|BAL=[[Balarama]]♂|SUB=[[Subhadra]]♀|MAT=other sons♂}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| |F|A|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|7| }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| RUK | | SAT | | JAM | | NAG | | KAL | | MAD | | MIT | | BHA | | ROH | | OTH | |JAM=[[Jambavati]]♀#|KAL=Kalindi♀#|MAD=Madra♀#|RUK=[[Rukmini]]♀#|SAT=[[Satyabhama]]♀#|NAG=[[Nagnajiti]]♀#|OTH=16,100 other wives♀#|MIT=[[Mitravinda]]♀#|BHA=[[Bhadra (Krishna's wife)|Bhadra]]♀#|ROH=[[Rohini (Krishna's wife)|Rohini]]♀#}}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{Tree chart|border=0|boxstyle=background:#FFFACD;| PRA | | BHA | | SAM | | VIR | | SRU | | GAT | | VRI | | SAN | | DIP | | OTH | |SAM=[[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]], Sumitra, Purujit, Satajit, Sahasrajit, Vijaya, Citraketu, Vasuman, Dravida and Kratu|SRU=Sruta, Kavi, Vrisha, Vira, Subahu, Bhadra, Santi, Darsa, Purnamasa and Somaka|GAT=Praghosha, Gatravan, Simha, Bala, Prabala, Urdhaga, Mahasakti, Saha, Oja and Aparajita|PRA=[[Pradyumna]], Charudeshna, Sudeshna, Charudeha, Sucharu, Charugupta, Bhadracharu, Charuchandra, Vicharu and Charu|SAN=Sangramajit, Brihatsena, Sura, Praharana, Arijith, Jaya and Subhadra, Vama, Ayur and Satyaka|VIR=Vira, Candra, Asvasena, Citragu, Vegavan, Vrisha, Ama, Sanku, Vasu and Kunti|OTH=each wife had 10 sons and 1 daughter|VRI=Vrika, Harsha, Anila, Gridhra, Vardhana, Unnada, Mahamsa, Pavana, Vahni and Kshudhi|BHA=Bhanu, Subhanu, Svarbhanu, Prabhanu, Bhanuman, Chandrabhanu, Brihadbhanu, Atibhanu, Shreebhanu and Pratibhanu|DIP=Diptiman, Tamratapta and 8 others}}
{{Tree chart/end}}

*The members born to the family are linked with solid lines (—)
*The wives of the male members are linked with dashed lines (--)
*Up to Surasena only the male members leading to the generation of [[Krishna]] are shown and other members are ignored.
*The individual male members shown in the chart are denoted by the symbol "♂".
*The individual female members shown in the chart are denoted by the symbol "♀".
*The female members who not born to the family but are related through marriage are denoted by the symbol "#".
*The sons of Krishna born to each of his eight princely wives are not shown separately due to their large number.
*The names of the children of Krishna born to each of the rest of his 16,100 wives are not mentioned.

==End of the Vrishnis==

After the death of [[Duryodhana]] in [[Mahabharata]], Krishna received the curse of Gandhari. She bewailed the death of her son and of friend and foe; then recognizing [[Hari]] as the Prime Mover, the One behind All, she cursed him for letting such things befall. This was her curse: that after 36 years Krishna should perish alone miserably and his people, the Vrishnis, should be destroyed. These things in due time came to pass. A madness seized the people of Dwaraka so that they fell upon one another and were slain, together with all sons and grandsons of Krishna. Only the women and Krishna and Balarama remained alive. Then Balarama went to the forest, and Krishna first sent a messenger to the Kuru city, to place the city and women of Dwaraka under the Pandavas protection, and then took leave of his father; afterward he himself sought the forest, where Balarama awaited him. Krishna discovered his brother seated under a mighty tree on the edge of the forest; he sat like a yogi, and behold, there came forth from his mouth a mighty snake, the thousand headed [[naga (mythology)|naga]], [[Ananta Shesha|Ananta]], and glided away to ocean. Ocean himself and the sacred rivers and many divine nagas came to meet him. Thus Krishna beheld his brother depart from human world, and he wandered alone in forest. He thought of Gandhari's curse and all that had befallen, and he knew that the time had come for his own departure. He restrained his senses in yoga and laid himself down. Then there came a hunter that way and thought him a deer, and loosed a shaft and pierced his foot; but when he came close the hunter beheld a man wrapped in yellow robes practicing [[yoga]]. Thinking himself an offender, he touched his feet. Then Krishna rose and gave him comfort, and himself ascended to Heaven. The hunter is said to be rebirth of Vaali from Ramayana who was killed by Rama by hiding behind a tree and was therefore given the opportunity to avenge in similar fashion by Rama himself.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

==Post-war attack on Arjuna==
These [[Gopas]], whom [[Krishna]] had offered to Duryodhana to fight in his support when he himself joined Arjuna's side, were no other than the [[Yadavas]] themselves, who were also the [[Abhiras]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGMqAQAAIAAJ&q=Gopas%2C+whom+Krishna |title=Man in India – Google Books |year=1974 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFHRAAAAMAAJ&q=abhiras |title=Ethnic history of Gujarat – Popatlal Govindlal Shah – Google Books |date=13 February 2009 |last1=Shah |first1=Popatlal Govindlal }}</ref><ref>Ethnic history of Gujarat</ref> They were the supporters of the [[Duryodhana]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aqo4AAAAIAAJ&q=Abhira+warriors |title=Man in India – Google Books |date=17 July 2007}}</ref><ref>Man in India, Volume 54-page-39</ref> and [[Kaurava]]s, and in the Mahabharata,<ref>Ancient Nepal</ref> [[Abhira|Abhir]], [[Gopa (caste)|Gopa]], [[Gopal (caste)|Gopal]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WrAwAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Abhiras+and+Gopalas+are+synonymous |title=Ancient Nepal – D. R. Regmi, Nepal Institute of Asian Studies – Google Books |date=1 December 1973 |last1=Regmi |first1=D. R. }}</ref> and Yadavas are all synonyms.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43Fzt-G_-XYC&q=great+abhiras&pg=PA3 |title=Encyclopaedia of ancient Indian ... – Subodh Kapoor – Google Books |isbn=9788177552980 |last1=Kapoor |first1=Subodh |year=2002 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tZAiAAAAMAAJ&q=abhiras+looted+arjuna |title=Social movements and social ... – M. S. A. Rao – Google Books |date=14 December 2006 |last1=Rao |first1=M. S. A. |isbn=9780333902554 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tZAiAAAAMAAJ&q=Kauravas |title=Social movements and social ... – M. S. A. Rao – Google Books |date=14 December 2006 |last1=Rao |first1=M. S. A. |isbn=9780333902554 }}</ref> They defeated the hero of Mahabharatha war (Arjuna), and spared him when he disclosed the identity of the members of the family of Sri Krishna.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJNHAAAAMAAJ&q=looted+the+train+of+Arjuna%2C |title=Yadavas through the ages, from ... – J. N. Singh Yadav – Google Books |date=28 August 2007 |isbn=9788185616032 |last1=Singh Yadav |first1=J. N. }}</ref>

==Vrishnis in ancient literature==
[[Pāṇini]] in his ''Ashtadhyayi'' (IV.1.114, VI.2.34) mentioned about the Vrishnis along with the Andhakas. The ''Arthashastra'' of Kautilya described the Vrishnis as a ''sangha'' (tribal confederation). In the [[Mahabharata]] (Drona Parva, 141.15) the Vrishnis and the Andhakas are referred as ''Vratya''s.<ref>Raychaudhury, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.126-8</ref>

==Vrishni coin==
[[File:Vrishni coin.png|thumb|right|350px|A Vrishni silver coin from Alexander Cunningham's ''Coins of Ancient India: From the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century'' (1891)]]
[[Alexander Cunningham]] found a unique silver coin of a King Vrishni (''Raja Vrishni'') which he identifies from the tribe of the [[Audumbaras]], found in [[Hoshiarpur]], Punjab.<ref name="Cunn"/> This coin is at the [[British Museum]], London. This circular coin has a sort of ''nandipada''-standard-in-railing, a mythical animal, half lion and half elephant and a circular [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]] legend ''Vṛṣṇirāja Jñāgaṇasya trātārasya'' on the obverse and an elaborate ''chakra'' of twelve spokes in pellet border with slightly truncated [[Kharoshthi]] legend ''Vṛṣṇirājaṇṇa(gaṇasa) tra(tarasa)'' the reverse.<ref>Lahiri, Bela (1974). Indigenous States of Northern India (Circa 200 B.C. to 320 A.D.), Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.242-3</ref> Later a number of Vrishni copper coins were also discovered from Punjab. {{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

==See also==
{{Commons category|Art of the Kushan Empire}}
* [[Vrishni heroes]]
* [[Yadavas]]
* [[Surasena|Surasena Kingdom]]
* [[Mathura]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Characters in Hindu mythology]]
[[Category:Indian families]]

Vrishni - Revision history

CleanupBot: Bot: Deleting out-dated template

Dr. Editor at 12:27, 24 April 2026

Abusaeed: Minor edits and structural improvements

103.147.175.81 at 05:58, 29 August 2021