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Reverted edits by 49.207.192.69 (talk) (HG) (3.4.10)

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{{short description|Indian writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
'''Vrind ''' (1643–1723) was an Indian saint and poet in [[Hindi language]] from [[Marwar]], in present Rajasthan. He was an important poet of the Ritikal period of [[Hindi literature]], known for his poems on ethics (Niti), and most known for his work ''Nitisatsai'' (1704), a collection of 700 aphorisms.<ref name="Mukherjee1998">{{cite book|author=Sujit Mukherjee|title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&pg=PA425|date= 1998|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1453-9|pages=425–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA161|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0365-5|pages=161–}}</ref> He was the guru of Raj Singh (r. 1706–1748), ruler of [[Kishangarh State|Kishangarh]], where he was court poet.<ref name="Mukherjee1998"/>

Like his contemporaries, Mati Ram, Rasnidhi and Ram Sahay, his [[Doha (poetry)|doha]] poetry was primarily in [[Braj Bhasha]] dialect. It was deeply influenced by [[Bihari (poet)|Bihari]], noted poet of the preceding generation.<ref name="Lal2006">{{cite book|author=Mohan Lal|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA3865|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=3865–}}</ref> He was a prolific poet and through his career worked for various patrons. His notable works include ''Vrind Satsai'', a didactic work, ''Shringar shiksha'', ''Bhava panchasika'' (Fifty Verse of [[Bhava (mood)|Bhava]]), ''Rupak chayanika'', ''Alamkaar satsai'' and ''Hitopdesh natak'', based on ''[[Hitopadesha]]'', a collection of Sanskrit fables.<ref name="Mukherjee1998"/> ''Shringar shiksha'' (Instruction in Passion), a treatise of ''[[Ashta Nayika|Nayika Bheda]]'' was written in 1691 for a prominent Muslim patron in [[Ajmer]].<ref name="Busch2011"/><ref>{{cite web |author=Shreekant Kumar Chandan| title = Introducing Braj bhasha archive for the study of the history of Mughal India |work= International Research Journal of Management Sociology and Humanity, Vol 5, Issue 3, 2014| url = http://www.irjmsh.com/volumedetails.aspx?vol=5&issue=3#|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615035545/http://www.irjmsh.com/volumedetails.aspx?vol=5&issue=3 |archivedate=15 June 2018|page=357|date=| accessdate = 2014-11-28}} [https://www.academia.edu/7135128/Introducing_Braj_bhasha_archive_for_the_study_of_the_history_of_Mughal_India Alt URL]</ref>

After serving in Kishangarh, he moved to Delhi in 1673, where he was hired to tutor [[Azim-ush-Shan]], son of [[Azam Shah]] and grandson of Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].<ref name="Pauwels2009">{{cite book|author=Heidi Rika Maria Pauwels|title=Patronage and Popularisation, Pilgrimage and Procession|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kv0xPCZ6e9sC&pg=PA36|year=2009|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05723-3|pages=36–}}</ref> Azam Shah later succeeded his father, and was a great enthusiast of Braj poetry, and in time Azim us-Shan become patron of Vrind. In 1697, Azim ush-Shan was made Governor of Bengal,.... thus Vrind too shifted to [[Dhaka]]. During this period, he completed his most noted work, ''Nitisatsai'' (Seven Hundred Verses of Ethics) in 1704.<ref name="Busch2011">{{cite book|author=Allison Busch|title=Poetry of Kings: The Classical Hindi Literature of Mughal India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dl0sbzehWvAC&pg=PA159|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-976592-8|pages=159–160}}</ref>

==Works==
* ''Nitisatsai'' (1704)
* ''Vrind Satsai''
* ''Shringar shiksha'' (1691)
* ''Bhava panchasika''
* ''Rupak chayanika''
* ''Alamkaar satsai''
* ''Hitopadesh natak''

==See also==
* [[Braj Bhasha literature]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1643 births]]
[[Category:1723 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:People from Ajmer district]]
[[Category:Mughal Empire poets]]
[[Category:Aphorists]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Vrind - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* References */clean up, add source tag

>Materialscientist: Reverted edits by 49.207.192.69 (talk) (HG) (3.4.10)