Vivekananda Setu - Revision history

Sabari2398: general cleaned up section and corrected details

2025-08-25T09:23:15Z

general cleaned up section and corrected details

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 25 August 2025
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	{{Short description\|Steel multi-span road ~~and~~ railway bridge}}		{{Short description\|Steel multi-span road cum railway bridge in West Bengal, India}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=January 2014}}		{{EngvarB\|date=January 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2014}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2014}}
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	{{Infobox bridge		{{Infobox bridge
	\|bridge_name = Vivekananda Setu		\|bridge_name = Vivekananda Setu
	\|image = ~~File:~~Hooghly River1.jpg		\|image = Hooghly River1.jpg
	\|image_size =		\|image_size =
	\|caption = Vivekananda Setu		\|caption = Vivekananda Setu
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	\|pierswater =		\|pierswater =
	\|mainspan =		\|mainspan =
	\|length = {{Convert\|2887\|ft}}		\|length = {{Convert\|2887\|ft\|order=flip}}
	\|width =		\|width =
	\|height =		\|height =
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	\|begin =1926		\|begin =1926
	\|complete =1931		\|complete =1931
	\|open = {{date and age\|1931\|12\|29\|df=y}}		\|open = {{start date and age\|1931\|12\|29\|df=y}}
	\|closed =		\|closed =
	\|toll =		\|toll =
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	}}		}}

	'''Vivekananda Setu''' (also called '''Willingdon Bridge''' and '''Bally Bridge''') is a bridge over the [[Hooghly River]] in [[West Bengal]], India. It links the city of [[Howrah]], at Bally, to [[Kolkata]], at [[Dakshineswar]]. Completed on 1931, it is a multispan [[truss bridge]] ~~and~~ was built to primarily to provide direct road and rail connectivity between the [[Port of Kolkata\|Calcutta Port]] and the major railhead at [[Howrah railway station]] on the West bank of the [[Hooghly River]].<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Symphony of Progress: The Saga of Eastern Railway 1854-2003\|publisher=Eastern Railway\|year=2003\|location=Kolkata\|pages=31}}</ref> It is {{Convert\|2887\|ft}} long having 9 spans in total.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|title=Willingdon Bridge\|url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Willingdon_Bridge~~\|url-status=live~~\|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> The famous [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]] is situated on the banks of the Hooghly River near the bridge.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|title=Vivekananda Setu in Bally\|url=https://www.ballyonline.in/city-guide/vivekananda-setu-in-bally\|~~url~~-~~status~~=~~live~~\|~~access~~-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> The bridge is one of the four bridges linking ~~Howrah and~~ Kolkata. A new road bridge, the [[Nivedita Setu]], was constructed {{Convert\|50\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} downstream in 2007 due to weakening of the Vivekanada Setu caused by its ageing.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="famous">{{cite web\|title=Famous Bridges of India – Nivedita Setu~~\|url=http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html\|url-status=dead~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034411/http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html\|archive-date=2015-09-24\|access-date=2011-07-06\|publisher=India Travel News}}</ref>		'''Vivekananda Setu''' (also called '''Willingdon Bridge''' and '''Bally Bridge''') is a bridge over the [[Hooghly River]] in [[West Bengal]], India. It links the city of [[Howrah]], at [[Bally, Howrah\|Bally]], to [[Kolkata]], at [[Dakshineswar]]. Completed in 1931, it is a multispan [[truss bridge]] that was built to primarily to provide direct road and rail connectivity between the [[Port of Kolkata\|Calcutta Port]] and the major railhead at [[Howrah railway station]] on the West bank of the [[Hooghly River]].<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Symphony of Progress: The Saga of Eastern Railway 1854-2003\|publisher=Eastern Railway\|year=2003\|location=Kolkata\|pages=31}}</ref> It is {{Convert\|2887\|ft\|order=flip}} long having 9 spans in total.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|title=Willingdon Bridge\|url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Willingdon_Bridge\|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> The famous [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]] is situated on the banks of the Hooghly River near the bridge.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|title=Vivekananda Setu in Bally\|url=https://www.ballyonline.in/city-guide/vivekananda-setu-in-bally\|access-date=12 November 2021\|archive-date=12 November 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044417/https://www.ballyonline.in/city-guide/vivekananda-setu-in-bally\|url-status=dead}}</ref> The bridge is one of the four bridges linking both sides of Kolkata city. A new road bridge, the [[Nivedita Setu]], was constructed {{Convert\|50\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} downstream in 2007 due to weakening of the Vivekanada Setu caused by its ageing.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="famous">{{cite web \|title=Famous Bridges of India – Nivedita Setu \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034411/http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html \|archive-date=2015-09-24 \|access-date=2011-07-06 \|publisher=India Travel News\|url=http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html }}</ref>

	==Naming==		==Naming==
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	[[File:Vivekananda Setu-Bally, Kolkata-West Bengal 700076-DSC 0018.jpg\|thumb\|Vivekananda Setu sunrise view]]		[[File:Vivekananda Setu-Bally, Kolkata-West Bengal 700076-DSC 0018.jpg\|thumb\|Vivekananda Setu sunrise view]]
	[[File:Vivekananda Setu bridge during sunset.jpg\|thumb\|Vivekananda Setu during sunset]]		[[File:Vivekananda Setu bridge during sunset.jpg\|thumb\|Vivekananda Setu during sunset]]
	The erection and [[Caisson (engineering)\|caissoning]] of the bridge was done by the noted ~~[[Kutchi people\|Kutchi]]-~~[[Mistris of Kutch\|~~Mestri~~]] railway contractor and industrialist [[Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja]].<ref name=n /><ref name=z /> His nameplate can still be seen on each girder of the bridge.<ref name=n/> The construction of bridge started in year 1926 and was completed in year 1931.<ref name=z/><ref name=n/> The fabrication of the bridge was done at works of [[Braithwaite & Co. Ltd.\|~~Braithwate~~ & Company]], Calcutta.<ref name=z/><ref name=n />		The consulting engineers for the bridge were [[Rendel, Palmer and Tritton]].<ref name=":0"/>The erection and [[Caisson (engineering)\|caissoning]] of the bridge was done by the noted [[Mistris of Kutch\|Kutchi]] railway contractor and industrialist [[Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja]].<ref name=n /><ref name=z /><ref name=":0"/> His nameplate can still be seen on each girder of the bridge.<ref name=n/> The construction of bridge started in year 1926 and was completed in year 1931.<ref name=z/><ref name=n/> The fabrication of the bridge was done at works of [[Braithwaite & Co. Ltd.\|Braithwaite & Company]], Calcutta.<ref name=z/><ref name=n />

	The viaduct consists of 22 spans of {{Convert\|30\|ft}} girders built of masonry piers, whose foundations have been piled with reinforced concrete piles 40 to 50 feet long. The bridge itself consists of seven {{Convert\|350\|ft}} main spans and two {{Convert\|80\|ft}} land spans. The eight main piers in the river are founded on octagonal steel caissons, 70 ~~feet~~ by 37 feet, having two dredging holes each 19 feet in diameter. The caissons were all floated into position and founded by loading with concrete, sustaining the load on compressed air buoyancy and releasing the air on a suitable falling tide.<ref name=":0" /> The ~~length of the~~ bridge is ~~almost half a mile~~ with {{Convert\|10\|km\|mi\|~~abbr~~=on}} long approach roads on both sides.<ref name=n/><ref>Conditions and Prospects of United Kingdom Trade in India: (with a Brief Account of the Trade of Burma). Great Britain. Dept. of Overseas Trade ;H.M. Stationery Office, 1928 - India pp:136.</ref> The foundation was laid with well-sinking {{Convert\|100\|ft}} down the river beds. [[Girder bridge\|Girding]], erection of [[abutment]]s and [[arching]] were all done by [[Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja]].<ref name=n/> This railway bridge is also important in the annals of history of railways in India because the railway for the first time crossed over [[Hooghly River\|River Hooghly]] and reached Calcutta at [[Sealdah Station\|Sealdah Terminus]] thus connecting the East and West banks of the river.<ref name=n/>		The viaduct consists of 22 spans of {{Convert\|30\|ft\|m\|order=flip}} girders built of masonry piers, whose foundations have been piled with reinforced concrete piles {{convert\|40\|to\|50\|feet\|m\|order=flip}} long. The bridge itself consists of seven {{Convert\|350\|ft\|m\|order=flip}} main spans and two {{Convert\|80\|ft\|m\|order=flip}} land spans. The eight main piers in the river are founded on octagonal steel caissons, {{convert\|70\|by\|37\|feet\|m\|order=flip}}, having two dredging holes each {{convert\|19\|feet\|m\|order=flip}} in diameter. The caissons were all floated into position and founded by loading with concrete, sustaining the load on compressed air buoyancy and releasing the air on a suitable falling tide.<ref name=":0" /> The bridge is approximately {{convert\|0.5\|mi\|km\|order=flip}} long with {{Convert\|10\|km\|mi\|adj=on}} long approach roads on both sides.<ref name=n/><ref>Conditions and Prospects of United Kingdom Trade in India: (with a Brief Account of the Trade of Burma). Great Britain. Dept. of Overseas Trade ;H.M. Stationery Office, 1928 - India pp:136.</ref> The foundation was laid with well-sinking {{Convert\|100\|ft\|order=flip}} down the river beds. [[Girder bridge\|Girding]], erection of [[abutment]]s and [[arching]] were all done by [[Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja]].<ref name=n/> This railway bridge is also important in the annals of history of railways in India because the railway for the first time crossed over [[Hooghly River\|River Hooghly]] and reached Calcutta at [[Sealdah Station\|Sealdah Terminus]] thus connecting the East and West banks of the river.<ref name=n/>

	The bridge was by far the most expensive and the most difficult of the railway bridges to be constructed in India up to that time. The bridge was constructed at a total cost of {{INRconvert\|1.14\|c\|lk=off\|year=1932}}		The bridge was by far the most expensive and the most difficult of the railway bridges to be constructed in India up to that time. The bridge was constructed at a total cost of {{INRconvert\|1.14\|c\|lk=off\|year=1932}}

	The first train that ran across the bridge was named Jagmal Raja Howrah Express by the British, acknowledging the feat of Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja. The bridge cost over {{INRconvert\|1\|c}} in those years.<ref name=n/>		The first train that ran across the bridge was named Jagmal Raja Howrah Express by the British, acknowledging the feat of Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja. The bridge cost over {{INRconvert\|1\|c}} in those years.<ref name=n/>
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	* Road - the bridge connects the [[Grand Trunk Road]] (Howrah side - West bank) with the [[Barrackpore Trunk Road]] (Kolkata side - East bank).		* Road - the bridge connects the [[Grand Trunk Road]] (Howrah side - West bank) with the [[Barrackpore Trunk Road]] (Kolkata side - East bank).

	The bridge had become weak as a result of ageing, and with heavy traffic, even repairs became difficult. Thus a second road bridge, the [[Nivedita Setu]] was constructed parallel to it and around {{convert\|50\|m\|ft\|round=5}} downstream.<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita" /> It was opened to traffic in 2007. Following this the Vivekananda Setu allows traffic movement ~~upstream (from Bally to Kolkata)~~ while the Nivedita Setu helps ~~downstream transport (from Kolkata to Bally)~~.<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita" />		The bridge had become weak as a result of ageing, and with heavy traffic, even repairs became difficult. Thus a second road bridge, the [[Nivedita Setu]] was constructed parallel to it and around {{convert\|50\|m\|ft\|round=5\|order=flip}} downstream.<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita" /> It was opened to traffic in 2007. Following this the Vivekananda Setu allows traffic movement for light vehicles, namely passenger vehicles, while the Nivedita Setu helps traffic movement of heavy vehicles, like trucks. While trucks and other heavy vehicles are not allowed on the Vivekananda Setu, two and three wheelers are not allowed on the toll bridge of Nivedita Setu.<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita" />

	==See also==		==See also==
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	{{Reflist		{{Reflist
	\|refs=		\|refs=
	<ref name=z>[https://books.google.com/books?~~ei=rmnKTIDtEoO8vQOovojODw&ct=result&~~id=vYM1AAAAMAAJ~~&dq=Willingdon+Bridge++Rai+Bahadur+Jagmal+Raja~~&q=++Rai+Bahadur+Jagmal+Raja~~#search_anchor~~] Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London 1934 : Willingdon Bridge & Rai Bahadur Jagamal Raja, Volume 235, Part 1, page 83.</ref><ref name=n>Diary of Golden Days at Jharia – A Memoir & History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia – written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa of Calcutta compiled by Raja Pawan Jethwa published in year 1998 in English. Life sketch of Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja Chauhan pp:33.</ref>		<ref name=z>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vYM1AAAAMAAJ&q=++Rai+Bahadur+Jagmal+Raja] Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London 1934 : Willingdon Bridge & Rai Bahadur Jagamal Raja, Volume 235, Part 1, page 83.</ref><ref name=n>Diary of Golden Days at Jharia – A Memoir & History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia – written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa of Calcutta compiled by Raja Pawan Jethwa published in year 1998 in English. Life sketch of Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja Chauhan pp:33.</ref>
	<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita">{{cite web\| url=http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034411/http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html\| url-status=dead\| archive-date=24 September 2015\| title=Famous Bridges of India – Nivedita Setu\| publisher=India Travel News\| access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref>		<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita">{{cite web\| url=http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034411/http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html\| url-status=dead\| archive-date=24 September 2015\| title=Famous Bridges of India – Nivedita Setu\| publisher=India Travel News\| access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref>
	}}		}}
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	{{North 24 Parganas topics}}		{{North 24 Parganas topics}}

	[[Category:~~Railway bridges~~ in India]]		[[Category:1931 establishments in India]]
			[[Category:Bridges completed in 1931]]
	[[Category:Bridges in West Bengal]]		[[Category:Bridges in West Bengal]]
	[[Category:Bridges in Kolkata]]		[[Category:Bridges in Kolkata]]
	[[Category:Bridges over the Ganges]]		[[Category:Bridges over the Ganges]]
	[[Category:Buildings and structures in Howrah ~~district~~]]		[[Category:Buildings and structures in Howrah]]
	[[Category:~~Howrah~~]]		[[Category:Railway bridges in India]]
	[[Category:~~Bridges completed~~ in ~~1930~~]]		[[Category:Railway bridges in West Bengal]]
	[[Category:Tourist attractions in Howrah]]		[[Category:Tourist attractions in Howrah]]
	[[Category:~~1930 establishments~~ in India]]		[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
	~~[[Category:Railway bridges in West Bengal~~]]

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-04-13T22:13:39Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:43, 14 April 2022
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			{{Short description\|Steel multi-span road and railway bridge}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=January 2014}}		{{EngvarB\|date=January 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2014}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2014}}
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	\|image_size =		\|image_size =
	\|caption = Vivekananda Setu		\|caption = Vivekananda Setu
	\|official_name =		\|official_name =Vivekanada Setu
	\|carries = Rail cum Road bridge		\|carries = Rail cum Road bridge
	\|crosses = [[Hooghly River]]		\|crosses = [[Hooghly River]]
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	\|pierswater =		\|pierswater =
	\|mainspan =		\|mainspan =
	\|length = {{Convert\|~~2960~~\|ft}}		\|length = {{Convert\|2887\|ft}}
	\|width =		\|width =
	\|height =		\|height =
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	\|below =		\|below =
	\|traffic =		\|traffic =
	\|begin =		\|begin =1926
	\|complete =		\|complete =1931
	\|open = {{~~start~~ date and age\|~~1930~~ }}		\|open = {{date and age\|1931\|12\|29\|df=y}}
	\|closed =		\|closed =
	\|toll =		\|toll =
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	}}		}}

	'''Vivekananda Setu''' (also called '''Willingdon Bridge''' and '''Bally Bridge''') is a bridge over the [[Hooghly River]] in [[West Bengal]], India. It links the city of [[Howrah]], at Bally, to [[Kolkata]], at [[Dakshineswar]]. Completed on ~~12 December 1930 & opened on 28 December 1930~~, it is a multispan ~~steel~~ bridge and was built to provide road and rail ~~links~~ between the [[Kolkata ~~Port Trust~~\|Calcutta Port]] and ~~its hinterland~~. It is {{Convert\|~~2960~~\|ft}} long having 9 ~~Spans~~ in total. The famous [[Dakshineswar Kali ~~Temple\|Dakshineswar~~ Temple]] is situated on the banks of the Hooghly River near the Bally ~~Bridge~~. The bridge is one of 4 bridges ~~& the 2nd Oldest Bridge~~ linking Howrah and Kolkata.~~The Bridge is about 90 years old and still standing tall. Since 2007, it's been accompanied by a~~ new bridge, [[Nivedita Setu]], ~~50m~~ downstream.		'''Vivekananda Setu''' (also called '''Willingdon Bridge''' and '''Bally Bridge''') is a bridge over the [[Hooghly River]] in [[West Bengal]], India. It links the city of [[Howrah]], at Bally, to [[Kolkata]], at [[Dakshineswar]]. Completed on 1931, it is a multispan [[truss bridge]] and was built to primarily to provide direct road and rail connectivity between the [[Port of Kolkata\|Calcutta Port]] and the major railhead at [[Howrah railway station]] on the West bank of the [[Hooghly River]].<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Symphony of Progress: The Saga of Eastern Railway 1854-2003\|publisher=Eastern Railway\|year=2003\|location=Kolkata\|pages=31}}</ref> It is {{Convert\|2887\|ft}} long having 9 spans in total.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|title=Willingdon Bridge\|url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Willingdon_Bridge\|url-status=live\|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> The famous [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]] is situated on the banks of the Hooghly River near the bridge.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|title=Vivekananda Setu in Bally\|url=https://www.ballyonline.in/city-guide/vivekananda-setu-in-bally\|url-status=live\|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> The bridge is one of the four bridges linking Howrah and Kolkata. A new road bridge, the [[Nivedita Setu]], was constructed {{Convert\|50\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} downstream in 2007 due to weakening of the Vivekanada Setu caused by its ageing.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="famous">{{cite web\|title=Famous Bridges of India – Nivedita Setu\|url=http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034411/http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html\|archive-date=2015-09-24\|access-date=2011-07-06\|publisher=India Travel News}}</ref>

	==Naming==		==Naming==
	The bridge was originally named Willingdon Bridge after Viceroy of India, [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon]]~~, who inaugurated it~~.<ref name=n/> It was eventually renamed ''Bally Bridge'', before officially ~~becoming known~~ as ''Vivekananda Setu''.		The bridge was originally named Willingdon Bridge after Viceroy of India, [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon]].<ref name="n" /><ref name=":1" /> It was eventually renamed as Bally Bridge, before officially renamed as Vivekananda Setu.<ref name=":1" />

	==Construction==		==Construction==
	[[File:Vivekananda Setu-Bally, Kolkata-West Bengal 700076-DSC 0018.jpg\|thumb\|Vivekananda Setu sunrise view]]		[[File:Vivekananda Setu-Bally, Kolkata-West Bengal 700076-DSC 0018.jpg\|thumb\|Vivekananda Setu sunrise view]]
	[[File:Vivekananda Setu bridge during sunset.jpg\|thumb\|Vivekananda Setu during sunset]]		[[File:Vivekananda Setu bridge during sunset.jpg\|thumb\|Vivekananda Setu during sunset]]
	The erection and [[Caisson (engineering)\|~~Caissoning~~]] of the bridge was done by noted [[Kutchi people\|Kutchi]]-[[Mistris of Kutch\|Mestri]] railway contractor and ~~Industrialist~~ [[Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja]].<ref name=n /><ref name=z /> His nameplate can still be seen on each girder of the bridge.<ref name=n/> The construction of bridge started in year 1926 and was completed in year ~~1932~~.<ref name=z/><ref name=n/> The fabrication of the bridge was done at works of [[Braithwaite & Co. Ltd.\|Braithwate & Company]], Calcutta.<ref name=z/><ref name=n />		The erection and [[Caisson (engineering)\|caissoning]] of the bridge was done by the noted [[Kutchi people\|Kutchi]]-[[Mistris of Kutch\|Mestri]] railway contractor and industrialist [[Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja]].<ref name=n /><ref name=z /> His nameplate can still be seen on each girder of the bridge.<ref name=n/> The construction of bridge started in year 1926 and was completed in year 1931.<ref name=z/><ref name=n/> The fabrication of the bridge was done at works of [[Braithwaite & Co. Ltd.\|Braithwate & Company]], Calcutta.<ref name=z/><ref name=n />

	The ~~Bridge was~~ built with ~~eight~~ spans ~~laid at distance of 300 ~~ft each. The length of bridge is almost half mile with 10~~ ~~km approach roads on both sides.<ref name=n/><ref>Conditions and Prospects of United Kingdom Trade in India: (with a Brief Account of the Trade of Burma).Great Britain. Dept. of Overseas Trade ;H.M. Stationery Office, 1928 - India pp:136.</ref> The foundation laid with well-sinking 100~~ ~~ft down the river beds, [[Girder bridge\|~~girding~~]], erection of [[abutment]]s, [[arching]] ~~was~~ all done by Jagmal Raja.<ref name=n/> This ~~Railway~~ bridge is also important in annals of ~~History~~ of ~~Railway~~ in India because the ~~Railway~~ for the first time crossed over [[Hooghly River\|River Hooghly]] and reached Calcutta at [[Sealdah Station\|Sealdah Terminus]]<ref name=n/>		The viaduct consists of 22 spans of {{Convert\|30\|ft}} girders built of masonry piers, whose foundations have been piled with reinforced concrete piles 40 to 50 feet long. The bridge itself consists of seven {{Convert\|350\|ft}} main spans and two {{Convert\|80\|ft}} land spans. The eight main piers in the river are founded on octagonal steel caissons, 70 feet by 37 feet, having two dredging holes each 19 feet in diameter. The caissons were all floated into position and founded by loading with concrete, sustaining the load on compressed air buoyancy and releasing the air on a suitable falling tide.<ref name=":0" /> The length of the bridge is almost half a mile with {{Convert\|10\|km\|mi\|abbr=on}} long approach roads on both sides.<ref name=n/><ref>Conditions and Prospects of United Kingdom Trade in India: (with a Brief Account of the Trade of Burma). Great Britain. Dept. of Overseas Trade ;H.M. Stationery Office, 1928 - India pp:136.</ref> The foundation was laid with well-sinking {{Convert\|100\|ft}} down the river beds. [[Girder bridge\|Girding]], erection of [[abutment]]s and [[arching]] were all done by [[Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja]].<ref name=n/> This railway bridge is also important in the annals of history of railways in India because the railway for the first time crossed over [[Hooghly River\|River Hooghly]] and reached Calcutta at [[Sealdah Station\|Sealdah Terminus]] thus connecting the East and West banks of the river.<ref name=n/>

			The bridge was by far the most expensive and the most difficult of the railway bridges to be constructed in India up to that time. The bridge was constructed at a total cost of {{INRconvert\|1.14\|c\|lk=off\|year=1932}}

	The first train that ran across the bridge was named Jagmal Raja Howrah Express by the British, acknowledging the feat of Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja. The bridge cost over {{INRconvert\|1\|c}} in those years.<ref name=n/>		The first train that ran across the bridge was named Jagmal Raja Howrah Express by the British, acknowledging the feat of Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja. The bridge cost over {{INRconvert\|1\|c}} in those years.<ref name=n/>
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	[[File:VIVEKANANDA Setu, Kolkata.jpg\|thumb\|Front View of Vivekananda Setu]]		[[File:VIVEKANANDA Setu, Kolkata.jpg\|thumb\|Front View of Vivekananda Setu]]
	The bridge serves both road and rail:		The bridge serves both road and rail:
	* Rail - connects [[Sealdah railway station\|Sealdah Station]] to [[~~Delhi~~]]		* Rail - the railway line through the bridge forms a part of the [[Calcutta Chord link line]] which connects [[Sealdah railway station\|Sealdah Station]] with the [[Howrah–Bardhaman chord]] line and [[Howrah–Kharagpur line]].
	* Road - connects [[Grand Trunk Road]] (Howrah side) to [[Barrackpore Trunk Road]] (Kolkata side)		* Road - the bridge connects the [[Grand Trunk Road]] (Howrah side - West bank) with the [[Barrackpore Trunk Road]] (Kolkata side - East bank).

	~~This bridge has recently handled a daily traffic of 24,000 vehicles.<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.indiastravelnews~~.com/2010/06/29/famous-bridges-of-india-vivekananda-setu.html \| title=Famous Bridges of India – Vivekananda Setu \| publisher=India Travel News \| access-date=6 July 2011 }}{{Dead link\|date=July 2020 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

	~~Vivekananda Setu~~ had become weak as a result of ageing, and with heavy traffic, even repairs became difficult. ~~There was need for~~ a second bridge. [[Nivedita Setu]] was constructed parallel to it and around {{convert\|50\|m\|ft\|round=5}} downstream.<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita" /> It was opened to traffic in 2007. Vivekananda Setu allows traffic movement upstream (Bally to Kolkata) while Nivedita Setu helps downstream transport (from Kolkata to Bally).		The bridge had become weak as a result of ageing, and with heavy traffic, even repairs became difficult. Thus a second road bridge, the [[Nivedita Setu]] was constructed parallel to it and around {{convert\|50\|m\|ft\|round=5}} downstream.<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita" /> It was opened to traffic in 2007. Following this the Vivekananda Setu allows traffic movement upstream (from Bally to Kolkata) while the Nivedita Setu helps downstream transport (from Kolkata to Bally).<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita" />

	==See also==		==See also==
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	[[Category:Tourist attractions in Howrah]]		[[Category:Tourist attractions in Howrah]]
	[[Category:1930 establishments in India]]		[[Category:1930 establishments in India]]
			[[Category:Railway bridges in West Bengal]]

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2021-08-21T03:08:23Z

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{{Infobox bridge
|bridge_name = Vivekananda Setu
|image = File:Hooghly River1.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Vivekananda Setu
|official_name =
|carries = Rail cum Road bridge
|crosses = [[Hooghly River]]
|locale = [[Bally, Howrah|Bally]]-[[Dakshineswar]]
|maint =
|designer =
|design =
|material = Steel and Stone
|spans =
|pierswater =
|mainspan =
|length = {{Convert|2960|ft}}
|width =
|height =
|load =
|clearance =
|below =
|traffic =
|begin =
|complete =
|open = {{start date and age|1930 }}
|closed =
|toll =
|map_cue =
|map_image =
|map_text =
|map_width =
|coordinates = {{coord|22.65319|N|88.35326|E|format=dms|region:IN-WB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|lat =
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}}

'''Vivekananda Setu''' (also called '''Willingdon Bridge''' and '''Bally Bridge''') is a bridge over the [[Hooghly River]] in [[West Bengal]], India. It links the city of [[Howrah]], at Bally, to [[Kolkata]], at [[Dakshineswar]]. Completed on 12 December 1930 & opened on 28 December 1930, it is a multispan steel bridge and was built to provide road and rail links between the [[Kolkata Port Trust|Calcutta Port]] and its hinterland. It is {{Convert|2960|ft}} long having 9 Spans in total. The famous [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple|Dakshineswar Temple]] is situated on the banks of the Hooghly River near the Bally Bridge. The bridge is one of 4 bridges & the 2nd Oldest Bridge linking Howrah and Kolkata.The Bridge is about 90 years old and still standing tall. Since 2007, it's been accompanied by a new bridge, [[Nivedita Setu]], 50m downstream.

==Naming==
The bridge was originally named Willingdon Bridge after Viceroy of India, [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon]], who inaugurated it.<ref name=n/> It was eventually renamed ''Bally Bridge'', before officially becoming known as ''Vivekananda Setu''.

==Construction==
[[File:Vivekananda Setu-Bally, Kolkata-West Bengal 700076-DSC 0018.jpg|thumb|Vivekananda Setu sunrise view]]
[[File:Vivekananda Setu bridge during sunset.jpg|thumb|Vivekananda Setu during sunset]]
The erection and [[Caisson (engineering)|Caissoning]] of the bridge was done by noted [[Kutchi people|Kutchi]]-[[Mistris of Kutch|Mestri]] railway contractor and Industrialist [[Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja]].<ref name=n /><ref name=z /> His nameplate can still be seen on each girder of the bridge.<ref name=n/> The construction of bridge started in year 1926 and was completed in year 1932.<ref name=z/><ref name=n/> The fabrication of the bridge was done at works of [[Braithwaite & Co. Ltd.|Braithwate & Company]], Calcutta.<ref name=z/><ref name=n />

The Bridge was built with eight spans laid at distance of 300 ft each. The length of bridge is almost half mile with 10 km approach roads on both sides.<ref name=n/><ref>Conditions and Prospects of United Kingdom Trade in India: (with a Brief Account of the Trade of Burma).Great Britain. Dept. of Overseas Trade ;H.M. Stationery Office, 1928 - India pp:136.</ref> The foundation laid with well-sinking 100 ft down the river beds, [[Girder bridge|girding]], erection of [[abutment]]s, [[arching]] was all done by Jagmal Raja.<ref name=n/> This Railway bridge is also important in annals of History of Railway in India because the Railway for the first time crossed over [[Hooghly River|River Hooghly]] and reached Calcutta at [[Sealdah Station|Sealdah Terminus]]<ref name=n/>

The first train that ran across the bridge was named Jagmal Raja Howrah Express by the British, acknowledging the feat of Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja. The bridge cost over {{INRconvert|1|c}} in those years.<ref name=n/>

==Usage==
[[File:VIVEKANANDA Setu, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|Front View of Vivekananda Setu]]
The bridge serves both road and rail:
* Rail - connects [[Sealdah railway station|Sealdah Station]] to [[Delhi]]
* Road - connects [[Grand Trunk Road]] (Howrah side) to [[Barrackpore Trunk Road]] (Kolkata side)

This bridge has recently handled a daily traffic of 24,000 vehicles.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/06/29/famous-bridges-of-india-vivekananda-setu.html | title=Famous Bridges of India – Vivekananda Setu | publisher=India Travel News | access-date=6 July 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Vivekananda Setu had become weak as a result of ageing, and with heavy traffic, even repairs became difficult. There was need for a second bridge. [[Nivedita Setu]] was constructed parallel to it and around {{convert|50|m|ft|round=5}} downstream.<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita" /> It was opened to traffic in 2007. Vivekananda Setu allows traffic movement upstream (Bally to Kolkata) while Nivedita Setu helps downstream transport (from Kolkata to Bally).

==See also==
* [[Howrah Bridge]]
* [[Vidyasagar Setu]]
* [[Nivedita Setu]]

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist
|refs=
<ref name=z>[https://books.google.com/books?ei=rmnKTIDtEoO8vQOovojODw&ct=result&id=vYM1AAAAMAAJ&dq=Willingdon+Bridge++Rai+Bahadur+Jagmal+Raja&q=++Rai+Bahadur+Jagmal+Raja#search_anchor] Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London 1934 : Willingdon Bridge & Rai Bahadur Jagamal Raja, Volume 235, Part 1, page 83.</ref><ref name=n>Diary of Golden Days at Jharia – A Memoir & History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia – written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa of Calcutta compiled by Raja Pawan Jethwa published in year 1998 in English. Life sketch of Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja Chauhan pp:33.</ref>
<ref name="indiastravelnews-nivedita">{{cite web| url=http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034411/http://www.indiastravelnews.com/2010/11/11/famous-bridges-of-india-nivedita-setu.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=24 September 2015| title=Famous Bridges of India – Nivedita Setu| publisher=India Travel News| access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref>
}}

{{Swami Vivekananda}}
{{Kolkata topics}}
{{Hooghly topics}}
{{North 24 Parganas topics}}

[[Category:Railway bridges in India]]
[[Category:Bridges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bridges in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bridges over the Ganges]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Howrah district]]
[[Category:Howrah]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1930]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Howrah]]
[[Category:1930 establishments in India]]