Vivadi - Revision history

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2025-10-14T23:11:10Z

adjusted lead further and improved wording

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:41, 15 October 2025
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			{{Short description\|Concept in Hindustani classical music}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}
	In [[Hindustani classical music]], '''''vivadi''''' ({{~~lang-~~sa\|[[wikt:विवादि\|विवादि]]}} meaning "[[consonance and dissonance\|dissonant]]") refers to pitches that are not part of the ''[[arohana]]'' or ''[[avrohana]]'' of a given [[raga]]. In general, ''vivadi'' are not to be played during an improvisation on a given raga. So, for instance, if a raga had the structure [[Swara\|S R G m P D N S']], S' N D P m G R S; in that case, r, g, M, d and n would all be ''vivadi''. Although ''vivadi'' pitches are generally to be avoided during the playing of a given raga, they are occasionally added by skilled performers in order to introduce some color to an interpretation.		{{Infobox music genre
			\| name = Vivadi
			\| stylistic_origins = [[Carnatic music]], [[Hindustani classical music]]
			\| cultural_origins = [[India]]
			\| instruments = [[Voice]], [[Veena]], [[Mridangam]], [[Sitar]], [[Tabla]]
			\| subgenres = Vivadi swaram, Vivadi ragam, Vivadi melakarta
			\| other_topics = [[Raga]], [[Swaram]], [[Melakarta]], [[Frisson]], Dissonance
			}}

			In [[Hindustani classical music]], '''''vivadi''''' ({{langx\|sa\|[[wikt:विवादि\|विवादि]]}} meaning "[[consonance and dissonance\|dissonant]]") refers to pitches that are not part of the ''[[arohana]]'' or ''[[avrohana]]'' of a given [[raga]]. In general, ''vivadi'' are not to be played during an improvisation on a given raga. So, for instance, if a raga had the structure [[Swara\|S R G m P D N S']], S' N D P m G R S; in that case, r, g, M, d and n would all be ''vivadi''. Although ''vivadi'' pitches are generally to be avoided during the playing of a given raga, they are occasionally added by skilled performers in order to introduce some color to an interpretation.

	==In Carnatic music==		==In Carnatic music==
	In [[Carnatic music]], '''vivadi''' is used in ''vivadi [[swara]]m'', ''vivadi dhosha'', ''vivadi [[raga]]m'', and by extension ''vivadi [[melakarta]]''. ''Vivadi'' term means going against the grain of thought or approach.		In [[Carnatic music]], '''vivadi''' is used in ''vivadi [[swara]]m'', {{lang\|sa\|vivadi dhosha}}, ''vivadi [[raga]]m'', and by extension ''vivadi [[melakarta]]''. ''Vivadi'' term means going against the grain of thought or approach.

	===Vivadi swaram===		===Vivadi swaram===
	A ''swaram'' is said to be ''vivadi'' in relationship with another swaram. There are twelve ~~notes or svarasthanas~~ in Indian classical music. But there are 16 notes. Thus some notes occupy the same frequencies.		A ''swaram'' is said to be ''vivadi'' in relationship with another [[Svara\|swaram]]. There are twelve swarams in Indian classical music. But there are 16 notes. Thus some notes occupy the same frequencies.

	===Vivadi ragam===		===Vivadi ragam===
	A ''ragam'' is ''vivadi'' if it contains ''vivadi'' swarams, especially with the ''[[vadi (music)\|vadi]]'' swaram of the ragam (vadi swaram means important swaram for that ragam or scale).		A ''ragam'' is ''vivadi'' if it contains ''vivadi'' swarams, especially with the ''[[vadi (music)\|vadi]]'' swaram of the ragam (vadi swaram means important swaram for that [[Raga\|ragam]] or scale).

	The ragam still is a valid scale and compositions are made using such ragams too. Examples of popular Vivadi ragas are : [[Nata (raga)\|Nata]], [[Varali]], [[Vagadheeswari]].		The ragam still is a valid scale and compositions are made using such ragams too. Examples of popular Vivadi ragas are : [[Nata (raga)\|Nata]], [[Varali]], [[Vagadheeswari]].

	===Vivadi melakarta===		===Vivadi melakarta===
	A ''Melakarta ragam'' is ''vivadi'' if it contains ''vivadi'' swarams. 40 of the 72 Melakarta ragams have ''vivadi'' swaras.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>		A ''[[Melakarta]] ragam'' is ''vivadi'' if it contains ''vivadi'' swarams. 40 of the 72 Melakarta ragams have ''vivadi'' swaras.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>

	===Vivadi dosha===		===Vivadi dosha===
	''Dosha'' means negative effect. ''Vivadi'' ragams are said to have ''vivadi dosha'', which can be overcome by singing the ''vivadi'' swarams in certain phrases that are said to reduce the negative effect.<ref name="ragas"/><ref name="raganidhi"/>		''Dosha'' means negative effect. ''Vivadi'' ragams are said to have ''vivadi dosha'', which can be overcome by singing the ''vivadi'' swarams in certain phrases that are said to reduce the negative effect.<ref name="ragas"/><ref name="raganidhi"/>

	==See also==		==See also==
			{{Portal\|India\|Music}}
	*[[Vadi (music)]]		*[[Vadi (music)]]
	*[[Samvadi]]		*[[Samvadi]]
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	Articles that discuss vivadi ragas and a review of concerts that mentions some of vivadi ragams		Articles that discuss vivadi ragas and a review of concerts that mentions some of vivadi ragams
	*[http://www.carnaticdarbar.com/views_01.htm A peep into Vivadi ragas]		*[http://www.carnaticdarbar.com/views_01.htm A peep into Vivadi ragas]
	*[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/01/07/stories/2005010701940500.htm A review of Chennai music concerts mentioning various Vivadi ragams] - from The Hindu online (newspaper)		*{{usurped\|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050406044911/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/01/07/stories/2005010701940500.htm A review of Chennai music concerts mentioning various Vivadi ragams]}} - from The Hindu online (newspaper)

	[[Category:Hindustani music terminology]]		[[Category:Hindustani music terminology]]
	[[Category:Carnatic music]]		[[Category:Carnatic music]]
	[[Category:Carnatic music terminology]]		[[Category:Carnatic music terminology]]

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-15T08:56:42Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:26, 15 August 2023
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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Music}}~~
	*[[Vadi (music)]]		*[[Vadi (music)]]
	*[[Samvadi]]		*[[Samvadi]]

imported>Dl2000: /* See also */ rm nonexistent see-also article (WP:SEEALSO)

2020-07-07T19:09:10Z

See also: rm nonexistent see-also article (WP:SEEALSO)

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
In [[Hindustani classical music]], '''''vivadi''''' ({{lang-sa|[[wikt:विवादि|विवादि]]}} meaning "[[consonance and dissonance|dissonant]]") refers to pitches that are not part of the ''[[arohana]]'' or ''[[avrohana]]'' of a given [[raga]]. In general, ''vivadi'' are not to be played during an improvisation on a given raga. So, for instance, if a raga had the structure [[Swara|S R G m P D N S']], S' N D P m G R S; in that case, r, g, M, d and n would all be ''vivadi''. Although ''vivadi'' pitches are generally to be avoided during the playing of a given raga, they are occasionally added by skilled performers in order to introduce some color to an interpretation.

==In Carnatic music==
In [[Carnatic music]], '''vivadi''' is used in ''vivadi [[swara]]m'', ''vivadi dhosha'', ''vivadi [[raga]]m'', and by extension ''vivadi [[melakarta]]''. ''Vivadi'' term means going against the grain of thought or approach.

===Vivadi swaram===
A ''swaram'' is said to be ''vivadi'' in relationship with another swaram. There are twelve notes or svarasthanas in Indian classical music. But there are 16 notes. Thus some notes occupy the same frequencies.

===Vivadi ragam===
A ''ragam'' is ''vivadi'' if it contains ''vivadi'' swarams, especially with the ''[[vadi (music)|vadi]]'' swaram of the ragam (vadi swaram means important swaram for that ragam or scale).

The ragam still is a valid scale and compositions are made using such ragams too. Examples of popular Vivadi ragas are : [[Nata (raga)|Nata]], [[Varali]], [[Vagadheeswari]].

===Vivadi melakarta===
A ''Melakarta ragam'' is ''vivadi'' if it contains ''vivadi'' swarams. 40 of the 72 Melakarta ragams have ''vivadi'' swaras.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>

===Vivadi dosha===
''Dosha'' means negative effect. ''Vivadi'' ragams are said to have ''vivadi dosha'', which can be overcome by singing the ''vivadi'' swarams in certain phrases that are said to reduce the negative effect.<ref name="ragas"/><ref name="raganidhi"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
*[[Vadi (music)]]
*[[Samvadi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
Articles that discuss vivadi ragas and a review of concerts that mentions some of vivadi ragams
*[http://www.carnaticdarbar.com/views_01.htm A peep into Vivadi ragas]
*[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/01/07/stories/2005010701940500.htm A review of Chennai music concerts mentioning various Vivadi ragams] - from The Hindu online (newspaper)

[[Category:Hindustani music terminology]]
[[Category:Carnatic music]]
[[Category:Carnatic music terminology]]