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{{short description|Village and Metropolitan area in Nagaland}}
{{about|the Southern Angami Naga village of Nagaland|other uses|Viswema (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Viswema
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Village]] and [[Metropolitan area]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 275
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| image1 = Aerial view of Viswema.jpeg
| image2 = Interior Viswema.jpg
| image3 = Viswema view.jpg
| image4 = Catholic Church, Viswema.jpg
}}
| image_caption = <div style="background:#FADA5E;"> '''From Top {{small|(Clockwise)}}:'''<br/>Partial aerial view of Viswema with [[Barail Range]]; Pavo–mi view; Viswema Catholic Church; Kirhazou-mi area</div>
| nickname =
| image_map1 = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=250|frame-align=center|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=8|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=12|frame-lat=25.56|frame-long=94.1463}}
| coordinates = {{coord|25.5607|N|94.1463|E|display=it}}

| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location within Nagaland
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland#India#Asia#Earth
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Viswema
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of India#Regions|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Northeast India]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kohima district|Kohima District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = Wards
| parts = 2
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Gram panchayat|Village Council]]
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch|Chairman]]
| leader_name = Tebül Neikha
| leader_title1 = Body
| leader_name1 = [[Viswema Village Council]]
| total_type = 
| area_footnotes =
| area_magnitude = 
| area_total_km2 = 
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 1631
| elevation_min_m =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_rank =
| population_total = 7417
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank1 = Viswe–mi <br /> ''viswe–miko'' <br /> ''so tteyo phi–mi''
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_blank2_title = Dialect
| population_blank2 = [[Angami language#Keyho|Keyho]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 797005
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#NL.E2.80.94Nagaland|NL-01]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1074 females per 1000 males [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Temperate]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small>
| website = {{URL|nagaland.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Viswema''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|i|s|w|ɛ|m|ə}}) is a [[Southern Angami]] [[Naga people|Naga]] village in the [[Kohima district|Kohima District]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Nagaland]]. With a resident population of 7417, it is the second biggest village in the state and is part of the contiguous built-up of the Kohima Metropolitan Area that extends into the neighboring areas of [[Jakhama]], [[Kigwema]] and [[Khuzama]] in the Southern Angami region, forming the second largest urban agglomerations in Nagaland. Its vast territory also lies across the inter-state boundary in [[Manipur]] where notable features including [[Mount Tempü]] (Iso) at 9822 feet (2994m) also the highest peak in Manipur, the thick forest of [[Kezol-tsa Forest|Kezol-tsa]] and a major portion of the [[Dzüko Valley]] is located.

Located 22 km south of [[Kohima]], the capital of Nagaland, it is considered to be one of the oldest [[Tenyimi]] village with most [[Chakhesang]] villages and also many other Angami villages pointing their origin towards Viswema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iitg.ac.in/samudravijaya/publ/18OCOCOSDA_P7_AngamiVowels.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjLoa7OkrPpAhVbyjgGHYS4BEAQFjAWegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw27J-rgMfifHC9UGrnhXlIA|title=Acoustic analysis of vowels in two Southern Angami dialects|website=www.iitg.ac.in|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Traditionally referred to as ''Viswe–ra'', a name given by its historical ancestor ''Keyho'' which loosely translates to as ''‘A place of people with Virtue and Integrity’''.

Viswema is also known as ''Ve-sr-wü–ra'' by the [[Chokri language|Chokri Chakhesangs]] and ''Shüna–mai'' by the [[Sopvoma language|Ememei Maos]].

== History ==
=== Early period ===
The history of Viswema, according to oral history begins with the founding of ''Kipizwü'', some two km west of the village by ''Viswe''. ''Viswe'' was a descendant of ''[[Keyho]]'', who migrated from [[East Asia]] crossing [[Burma]], [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]] and finally settling in Viswema.

The ancestors lived there for several generations till the invasion of the Burmese-[[Karens]], who were known to ''Viswe–miko'' as ''Kherenümi''. The defeat inflicted on the Burmese invaders gave a sense of confidence and ''Viswe–mi'' became more assertive and grew in great numbers. They began to move out in search of suitable environment for permanent settlement. They therefore came down to the present site of the village.<ref name=":0">Vizol Khamo, Akhale.:''Towards a Better World'', 2016. Heritage Publishing House. Dimapur.</ref>

In the past Viswema was known for making fine pottery ware. For any function and rituals earthen pots were purchased from Viswema by neighboring communities.<ref name=":3">Nepuni, William.: [https://books.google.com/books?id=uXWiDcJwlCMC&q=pottery ''Socio-cultural History of Shüpfomei Naga Tribe''], 2010. Mittal Publications. New Delhi.</ref>

=== Pre-Modern era ===
'''Invasion of the Manipuri armies'''
<blockquote>
"It was said that the Manipuris could not subdue Viswema given its large size. The armies could only defeat the village on its third attempt.

Before the invasion began a Manipuri messenger was sent to Viswema with something tied in a piece of cloth. When the parcel reached Viswema and the cloth was unwrapped, they found out it was ash. So the entire village intellectuals gathered around to figure out what it meant until someone stood up and said ''“it means they will burn down our village to ashes.”'' And so the Viswemis agreed to this and sent the messenger back to [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]] with grinded [[Naga Morich|Naga King Chilly]] tied in the same piece of cloth meaning ''“Attack us if you want to know what pain feels like.”''

— Oral history{{efn|name=Oral_History|Oral History.}}
</blockquote>

The Manipuris invaded Viswema twice, but could not succeed in subduing it. However, after the end of the [[Anglo-Naga War]] in 1879 the British occupied Kohima and setup a military post and built strong barricade around the station with armed police. But the garrison was besieged by Naga warriors. Meantime the British sought help from the Manipuri Raja. The [[Chandrakirti Singh|Manipuri Raja Chandrakirti Singh]] led around a thousand of his army and rushed to Kohima and after a brief engagement with the Naga warriors lifted the sieged and saved the British.

The Manipuri Army went on a rampage and captured a Kohima boy and buried him alive in the heart of the town. They covered the grave with a huge stone on which the foot print of the Manipuri Raja was engraved. This stone was removed by the Naga Youth Movement leaders in 1956.

At the time of the Manipuri army withdrawal from Kohima, the ''Viswe–miko'' left their village and hid their food grains in trenches and waited for their return from Kohima. When the Manipuris arrived and finding none set the village ablaze and proceeded homewards. Viswema warriors then attacked them from the rear, throwing them in confusion and disorder. Many were killed and their arms looted, while the rest fled to their country.<ref name=":0"/>

=== Modern era ===
* '''World War II'''
{{See also|World War II}}
When the [[Operation U-Go|Japanese]] and [[Indian National Army|INA]] soldiers entered Naga Hills in early April 1944, many of them stayed at the outskirt of the village. They dug trenches and built strong bunkers everywhere in the vicinity of the village. Since the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] operation against Japanese occupation of Kohima, Viswema was continuously hit by explosive missiles which were fired by cannons from Kohima and later on from [[Kigwema]] as launching pads. Many people were killed and injured. On 10 June 1944, a message from the Allies sources was conveyed to the village elders telling them to evacuate their village. The village was evacuated the next day. Bombings on 14 June continued till the village which had more than 600 houses at that time was completely razed to the ground. The same evening the Japanese forces at Viswema retreated to the route by which they had entered Naga Hills two months back. Viswema was then taken over by the Allies.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/the-little-known-2nd-ww-at-viswema-nagaland/|title=The little known 2nd WW-II at Viswema, Nagaland|date=4 April 2016|website=Eastern Mirror Nagaland|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref>

* '''1965 Naga National Council General Convention'''
On 21 May 1965, NNC had its General Convention after a gap of nine years. Imkongmeren, Vice President of the Naga National Council presided. He observed,''“The art of peace making is much more difficult than the science of war.”'' The two resolutions passed at the session were: reaffirmation of [[A. Z. Phizo]] as their leader and earnest wish that the Government and people of India recognise the right of the Nagas to self-determination so that the cherished hope and the deep search for permanent peace to live together as good friends, good neighbours, may be fruitful and fulfilled. At the session, Lungshim Shaiza announced the dissolution of the Democratic Party.<ref name=":3" />

* '''2010 Mao Gate Incident'''
{{main|2010 Mao Gate Incident}}
On 5 May 2010, [[Thuingaleng Muivah]] the present General Secretary of the [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland|NSCN-IM]] arrived at Viswema on his way to his home village of [[Somdal]] in the [[Ukhrul district|Ukhrul District]] of Manipur which was strongly opposed by the [[Government of Manipur|Manipur government]]. Muivah stayed overnight at Viswema which was nearby on the inter-state border.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/muivah-heads-home-despite-manipur-ban/615607/
|title=Muivah heads home despite Manipur ban|website=[[Indian Express]]|access-date=2020-07-13}}</ref> The next day thousands gathered at [[Mao Gate]] to protest against the Manipur State Government's decision to prevent the entry of Muivah into Manipur but however violence broke out between the civilians and security forces stationed at the Manipur–Nagaland border. On that fateful day, two students were killed in indiscriminate firing by security forces of Manipur. Scores were injured.

* '''2010 Indian Army helicopter crash'''
On 18 August 2010, an [[Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama]] crashed after takeoff at the slopes of [[Teyozwü Hill]]. All three army personnel on board were killed immediately on impact.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/chopper-crash-colonel-among-three-army-men-killed/690735|title=Chopper Crash: Colonel Among Three Army Men Killed|date=18 August 2010|website=[[Outlook India]]|access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref>

== Clans ==
The Viswe–mi people are divided into four [[clan]]s. These clans are further divided into sub-clans known as '''‘Sara-miko’''' which are the '''‘last names/family names’''' that the people are identified with.<ref>Pereira, Melvil. Dutta, Bitopi. Kakati, Binita.:[https://books.google.com/books?id=UJsuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT108 ''Legal Pluralism and Indian Democracy: Tribal Conflict Resolution Systems in Northeast India''], 2017. Taylor & Francis. Oxfordshire.</ref> They are, namely:

=== Kirhazou-mi ===
The family names of the Kkrah-zwü-mi (also Kirhazou-mi) clan are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
!style="background-color:crimson" | '''Thenü (clan)'''
!style="background-color:#DAA520" | '''Sara-miko''' (surname)
!style="background-color:#32127A" |'''Lo-kryo''' (middle name)
|-
| rowspan=5|'''Kirha'''
| '''Kikhi'''
|
* Mese
* Lile
* Zona
* Thucho
* Puswe
|-
| '''Rhetso'''
|
* Zale
* Krachü
* Rase
|-
| '''Thapo'''
|
|-
| '''Vitsu'''
|
* Zale
* Merwu
* Füzwe
* Yorwu
* Püzwe
* Pocho
|-
|}

=== Pavo-mi ===
The Pavo-mi clan is divided into two sub-clans—''Tepa'' and ''Tevo'' which forms the ''Pavo–mi'' (''te'''PA''''' and ''te'''VO'''''). The family names are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
!style="background-color:crimson" | '''Thenü (clan)'''
!style="background-color:#DAA520" | '''Sara–miko (surname)'''
|-
| rowspan=5|'''Tepa'''
| '''Kiso'''
|-
| '''Phiyie'''
|-
| '''Toso'''
|-
| '''Valeo'''
|-
| '''Zaphü'''
|-
| rowspan=3|'''Tevo'''
| '''Choyo'''
|-
| '''Khanyo'''
|-
| '''Puyo'''
|-
|}

=== Rachü-mi ===
The family names of the Rachü-mi clan are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
!style="background-color:crimson" | '''Thenü (clan)'''
!style="background-color:#DAA520" | '''Sara-miko''' (surname)
|-
| rowspan=9|'''Rachü'''
| '''Kin'''
|-
| '''Kweho'''
|-
| '''Lcho'''
|-
| '''Neikha'''
|-
| '''Noswe'''
|-
| '''Pusa'''
|-
| '''Rhütso'''
|-
| '''Sothu'''
|-
| '''Theyo'''
|-
|}

=== Yeri-mi ===
Commonly romanized as '''''Zheri-mi'''''. The family names of the Yeri-mi clan are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
!style="background-color:crimson" | '''Thenü (clan)'''
!style="background-color:#DAA520" | '''Sara-miko''' (surname)
!style="background-color:#32127A" |'''Lo-kryo''' (middle name)
|-
| rowspan=9|'''Yeri'''
| '''Dzüne'''
|
|-
| '''Hibo'''
|
* Ngoti
* Sakhrü (Sakhrie)
* Vohi
|-
| '''Kechü'''
|
|-
| '''Kenna-o'''
|
* Chel
* Nukwu
* Posole
* Yoho
|-
| '''[[Koso (Naga surname)|Koso]]'''
|
* Hoyo
* Rakhwe-l
* Vitso-n
|-
| '''Mekro'''
|
|-
| '''Nale-o'''
|
* Nale–eso
* Nale–ekhryo
|-
| '''Pucho'''
|
|-
| '''Tsükrü'''
|
|-
|}

== Geography ==
[[File:Dzukou Valley.jpg|thumb|centre|Dzüko Valley situated in the western part of Viswema]]

Viswema is situated at {{convert|1631|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] on the eastern part of the [[Purvanchal Range|Barail]] mountain range. It is bounded on the west by [[Zeliangrong]] villages, on the north by Jakhama, on the east by Kidima, on the south-east by Pudunamei (Manipur) and on the south by Khuzama.

=== Topography ===
The Jakhama boundary on the north is marked by a river known as ''Kerho–l'' and on the south, the Khuzama boundary is marked by another river known as ''Chokhwi–l'' or ''Kezo–l''. Both the river flows in parallel direction to meet at the ''Dzü-ü'' river which later flows into the biggest river in Nagaland—the ''[[Doyang]]'' in [[Wokha District]].

[[Mount Tempü]], the highest peak in Viswema (also the highest peak in the present day state of [[Manipur]]) with an altitude of {{convert|2994|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level,<ref>Mekr0, Y. (2014) Rocks of Nagaland. Mittal Publications. p 80.</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web | url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/once-a-year-this-naga-village-turns-into-tiny-wonderland/| title=Once a year, this Naga village turns into a tiny wonderland|date=1 February 2019| website=Eastern Mirror Nagaland|access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref> the highest elevation of the surrounding area is located to the south western part of Viswema. Its summit can be reached easily by the ''[[Khiyo–ke]]'' route.

On the western side is the [[Dzüko Valley]] which includes a range of hillocks, the valley is drained by the [[Dzüko River]] which flows in a westerly direction forming the present day inter-state boundary between Nagaland and Manipur. On its southern side, the Dzüko Valley is flanked by the thick wooded [[Kezol-tsa Forest]] which has diverse species of flora and fauna.

=== Climate ===
Viswema has warm summers and cool dry winters. Snow falls occasionally on higher altitudes.<ref name=":1"/>

{{climate chart
|Viswema
| 6| 20|42.99
| 8| 23|50.02
| 12| 26|153.25
|14|27|341.37
|16|27|520.94
|18|27|810.43
|19|27|1117.85
|19|27|892.80
|18|27|641.82
|14|26|461.40
|10|24|67.09
|8|21|36.31
|float=right
|clear=none
|units=metric
|source=World Weather Online<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/viswema-weather-averages/manipur/in.aspx|title=Viswema Climate Weather Averages|website=World Weather Online|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref>
}}

== Wards ==
Viswema comprises two wards:
* [[Swe–ba|Swe–ba ward]]
* [[Tepul ward]]

== Demographics ==
Viswema is located in Jakhama Sub-Division of Kohima District, Nagaland with total 1369 families residing. It has a population of 7417 of which 3576 are males while 3841 are females as per Population Census 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/268269-viswema-nagaland.html|title=Census2011, Viswema village Data}}</ref>

In Viswema the Average Sex Ratio is 1074 which is higher than Nagaland state average of 931. Child Sex Ratio for the Viswema as per census is 1076, higher than Nagaland average of 943.

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Viswema (2011)<ref name=":2"/>
|label1 = [[Christianity]]
|value1 = 98.09
|color1 = crimson
|label2 = [[Pfütsana]]
|value2 = 01.00
|color2 = #32127A
|label3 = Others
|value3 = 00.01
|color3 = #FFEF00
}}
[[Christianity]] is the dominant religion in Viswema, practised by almost 99% of its population with very few individuals from Kirhazou-mi and Pavo-mi Clans still practicing ''[[Pfütsana]]'', the indigenous folk religion.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/nagaland/in-christian-nagaland-indigenous-religion-of-pre-christian-nagas-withstand-test-of-time-5010777/|date=7 January 2018|website=[[The Indian Express]]|title=In Christian Nagaland, indigenous religion of pre-Christian Nagas withstands test of time|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref> [[Nagaland Baptist Church Council|Baptist]], [[Christian Revival Church|Christian Revival]] and [[Roman Catholic]] makes up the Christian population.

== Economy ==
In Viswema, most people were engaged in the civil service which serves as the main source of its economy. {{as of|2016|alt=In 2016}}, 62% of the people were engaged in [[civil service]], 4% were involved in [[private sector]] and 34%
of the people were engaged in agriculture. A large number of Government and Private employees commute to and fro to their workplaces in Kohima daily.<ref name=":2">
{{cite web
| url = https://euroasiapub.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/30ESSMay-3630-1.pdf
| title = CONTINUITY AND CHANGE AMONG THE NAGAS' : A CASE OF VISWEMA
| work = Nale-o, Meleto. Ali, Maqbul
| publisher =
| date = May 2016
| pages = 10
| access-date = 7 January 2022}}</ref>

== Culture and attractions ==
[[File:Old Church Building, Viswema.jpg|thumb|centre|Old Viswema Catholic Church]]

=== Festivals ===
Apart from the major religious festivals like [[Christmas]], [[Easter]], etc. the village also celebrates several local festivals.
* '''''Te–l Khukhu'''''
{{main|Te–l Khukhu}}
''Te–l Khukhu'' is a festival that falls on the 13th of ''Chünyi'' (July). It is a time of giving and sharing of food with each other. This is the only festival dedicated for girls. Come July and the young damsels are abuzz with preparations for the ''Te–l Khukhu'' festival. They start collecting wild flowers in advance to decorate the particular ''Chokrwu'' (eaves at the entrance of a house) they decide on. The most common flowers are ''Khwüso Pü'' ([[Ginger lily]], Hedychium aurantiacum wall), ''Phakü Pü'' (Rock butterfly lily, Hedychium ellepticum Buch), ''Terü su'' and ''Tsakoshe Pitha Nü'' (Tender Maize). Gone were the days when different animistic rituals were performed but with the advent of Christianity the rituals were no longer performed. Today it is celebrated as a time of get-togetherness and sharing the little you have with your dear and near ones.<ref name="Resurgence">Sothu, Neithono.: ''Resurgence'', 2013. Viswema Students' Union. Viswema. pp. 36–37.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/viswema-village-celebrates-te-l-khukhu-festival/|title=Viswema celebrates Te–l Khukhu festival|date=7 July 2017|website=Eastern Mirror Nagaland|access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref>

=== Places of interest ===
* '''Dzüko Valley'''
{{Main|Dzüko Valley}}
The main entry to Dzüko Valley is from Viswema where one can travel to the rest house above Teyozwü by a [[Tata Sumo]] taxi. From here one has to climb forty minutes to the top of the mountain. This is where Dzüko starts but the main valley is still another two hours walk away.

* '''Mount Tempü'''
{{Main|Mount Tempü}}
This is the highest peak in Viswema situated at an altitude of 2994m above sea level. The best time to visit this peak is during the snow covered winter months.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/once-a-year-this-naga-village-turns-into-tiny-wonderland/| title=Once a year, this Naga village turns into a tiny wonderland|date=1 February 2019| website=Eastern Mirror Nagaland|access-date=7 January 2022}}</ref>

* '''''Teyozwü'''''
{{Main|Teyozwü Hill}}
This is a hill located between Viswema and the Dzüko valley.

* '''Hope Garden'''
This is a garden located above Viswema on the way to Dzüko valley. It is also a part family burial ground of a ''Yeri–mi'' clan.

* '''Latakhrü Park'''
Latakhrü Park is located at Krayo which provides a resting shed to travelers and also farmers on the route.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.morungexpress.com/latakhr-park-to-serve-public| title=Latakhrü Park 'to serve public'|date=18 April 2021| website=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref>

=== Cuisines ===
* '''''Zawo'''''
{{See also|Galho}}
''Zawo'' or commonly known as ''Galho'' among the Angamis is also a popular dish in Viswema. It is a mix dish made of rice, vegetables and various meats.

* '''''Mesü'''''
''Mesü'' is pork or beef cooked with its blood. It is a common cuisine among the Tenyimis but the ''Mesü'' of Viswema is considered to be the best.

=== Film ===
Some portion of the 2005 film ''[[Were I the Moon? The Legend of Sopfünuo]]'' was filmed in Viswema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/folklore-premiere-in-naga-film-young-filmmaker-turns-popular-tale-of-a-gritty-woman-into-celluloid/cid/1667596|title=Folklore premiere in Naga film - Young filmmaker turns popular tale of a gritty woman into celluloid|website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|date=6 January 2006|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref>

== Education ==
Viswema has a higher literacy rate compared to Nagaland. In 2011, the literacy rate of Viswema was 80.69% compared to 79.55% of Nagaland. In Viswema Male literacy stands at 86.91% while female literacy rate was 74.89%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/268269-viswema-nagaland.html|title=Literacy rate in Viswema as per Census 2011}}</ref>

'''Educational Institutions in Viswema:'''
*[[John Government Higher Secondary School]]
*[[St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Viswema|St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School]]
*[[Viswema Baptist School]]

The [[St. Joseph's College, Jakhama]] is located about two km from Viswema.

== Government and politics ==
=== Government ===
Viswema is headed by the chairman of the Viswema Village Council. The council does not only represent the citizens of Viswema but every citizens of Viswe–mi residing in and outside Viswema. The council is responsible for customary practices, public safety, welfare services, etc. The [[chairman]] and council members are elected to five-year term. The term for the chairman and council members lasts five years and only has a one term limit.

=== Politics ===
Viswema falls under the [[Southern Angami II Assembly constituency|Southern Angami II]] constituency, of the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]].

== Sports ==
=== Football ===
Viswema is known for its football club Viswemi FC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.morungexpress.com/20th-nsf-martyrs-memorial-trophy-2019-viswemi-fc-face-centurion-fc-grand-finale|title=20th NSF Martyrs' Memorial Trophy 2019: Viswemi FC to face Centurion FC in grand finale|date=19 October 2019|website=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=1 August 2021}}</ref>

=== Traditional sports ===
* '''''Kene'''''
{{See also|Kene (Naga wrestling)}}
''Kene'', the [[folk wrestling]] style and traditional [[sport]] of the [[Naga people|Nagas]] is also a popular local sport in Viswema. Viswema biennially sends its wrestling title-holder to participate in the [[Naga Wrestling Championship]].

* '''''Pcheda'''''
{{Main|Pcheda}}
Pcheda is a traditional game that requires players to throw thin bamboo sticks from a set distance. An open competition is held annually in the month of January.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nagalandpost.com/pcheda-competition-held-at-viswema/188910.html|title=Pcheda competition held at Viswema|date=20 January 2019|website=[[Nagaland Post]]|access-date=1 August 2021}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
=== Airports ===
The nearest airport is [[Dimapur Airport]] located at [[Chümoukedima]]–[[Dimapur]] about {{convert|96|km|mi|abbr=off}} from Viswema. The airport serves [[domestic flight]]s to and from the country.

The [[Imphal Airport|Bir Tikendrajit International Airport]] is located about {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=off}} south of Viswema.

Both the airports are linked to Viswema by the [[AH1|Asian Highway 1]] and [[Asian Highway 2|2]].

The [[Kohima Chiethu Airport]] is currently under construction. Once completed it will serve as the nearest airport to Viswema.

=== Roadways ===
[[File:Asian Highway 1 passing through Viswema.jpg|thumb|centre|AH1 passing through Viswema]]

==== Highways passing through Viswema ====
* [[File:Tabliczka AH1.svg|30px]] [[Asian Highway 1]]: [[Tokyo]] – Viswema – [[Istanbul]]
* [[File:Tabliczka AH2.svg|30px]] [[Asian Highway 2]]: [[Denpasar]] – Viswema – [[Khosravi, Kermanshah|Khosravi]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|2}}: [[Dibrugarh|Dibrugarh (Assam)]] – Viswema – [[Tuipang|Tuipang (Mizoram)]]

Viswema is well connected by road with the [[Asian Highway 1|AH1]] and [[Asian Highway 2|AH2]] and also the [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH-2]] and the state highway connecting it with the various parts of Kohima District and also the neighboring [[Phek district|Phek District]] through Viswema. Taxis from Kohima to Viswema are also available.

=== Rail ===
The [[Shokhüvi Railway Station|Chümoukedima Shokhüvi Railway Station]] and the [[Dimapur railway station|Dimapur Railway Station]] serves as the nearest railway stations to Viswema. The currently under-construction [[Kohima Zubza Railway Station]] on the [[Dhansiri–Zubza line]] once completed will serve as the nearest railway station from Viswema.

== Notable personalities ==
Throughout its history, a sizeable number of people of Viswema descent have become notable in many varied fields. Among its notable personalities are prominent figures in the state such as:

=== Politics ===

* '''[[Vizol Koso]]''', The fourth [[List of chief ministers of Nagaland|Chief Minister of Nagaland]] and also the first Naga [[Aircraft pilot|pilot]] ([[Indian Air Force|Royal Indian Air Force]] during [[World War II]])
* '''[[Zale Neikha]]''', Member of Nagaland Legislative Assembly from 2018 to 2023 from the [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]
* '''[[Viswesül Pusa]]''', Member of Nagaland Legislative Assembly from 1993 to 2013 from the [[Indian National Congress]] Party
* '''[[Tseilhoutuo Rhütso]]''', Present Member of Nagaland Legislative Assembly from [[Kohima Town Assembly constituency]] from the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]
* '''[[Vizadel Sakhrie]]''', The first Naga Medical Specialist
* '''[[Kropol Vitsu]]''', Present Member of Nagaland Legislative Assembly from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]

=== Sports ===

* '''[[Holshe Khrie-o]]''', Nagaland State Sepaktakraw coach
* '''[[Viseyie Koso]]''', The first Naga sportsman to represent India at an [[Asian Games]] ([[2010 Asian Games]] held in [[Guangzhou, Guangdong]], China)

=== Others ===

* '''[[Hovithal Sothu]]''', Project Director at TAFMA
* '''[[Zaku Zachariah Tsükrü]]''', Student and Public Leader
* '''[[Kehodi Yoho]]''', Vocalist of [[Colored Keys]]

== See also ==
{{Portal|Geography|Asia|India}}
* [[Angami Naga]]
* [[Chakhesang Naga]]
* [[Index of Viswema-related articles]]
* [[Naga people]]

== Notes and references ==
=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Commons and category-inline|Viswema}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Viswema}}

[[Category:Viswema| ]]
[[Category:Villages in Kohima district]]

Viswema - Revision history

PercySpivakovsky: fix

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article